PAKISTAN

Introduction

Good day everyone! (Introduce yourself/yourselves).

So, today we are going to talk about the country of Pakistan, the early history of the
country, their Ethnic composition, the land and people.

Before we start our discussion, I want to know first, what comes in your mind when you
hear the country of Pakistan? Ano yung naiisip niyo or ano yung unang pumapasok sa
isipan niyo kapag naririnig niyo yung word or yung bansang Pakistan? Anyone?

(Sharing…. Compliment and interact with every answer)

Okay, thank you so much.

So, let’s have a brief history of Pakistan.

Even though Pakistan has been an independent nation for a little over 70 years,
Pakistan’s history stretches back 9,000 years.

The Indian subcontinent, which includes the modern-day Pakistan ay naging

tirahan ng pinakamalaki at pinakamalakas na civilization sa mundo.

First there were the Indus valley civilization, which had complex urban planning, water
systems, a massive trade network, and tools made from copper.

Then there was the Vedic civilization which laid the foundation for the language of
Sanskrit and even wrote the first hindu texts. So etong sibilisasyong ito yung nagstart at
nagpakalat ng religion of Buddhism, Hinduism, and Sihksm.

Pero nung 7th century dumating naman yung mga missionaries from Islamic
territories and they had converted many people in now-pakistan to Islam.

Islam became a mighty force in the subcontinent and that led to some incredibly
powerful muslim empires emerging and taking control of the region in the coming
centuries.

Ayan, so hindi ko na masasabi lahat kasi medyo marami, but let’s skip to the most
notable one.

The largest and most influential of these empires for Pakistan was the Mughal empire,
who took power in 1526 and ruled for more than three centuries. The Mughals are
not fondly remembered in India dahil sa pagiging bayolente nila sa mga Hindus and
other non-muslims, pero they are fondly remembered sa Pakistan dahil sa pagtrato nila
sa mga Muslim ng kaaya-aya.

The Mughals also constructed the Taj Mahal, pero yung prosperity ng mga Mughals ay
hindi nagtagal and the Hindi Maratha Empire took over.

Pero hindi yan yung huling Empire na dumating, alam niyo ba kung anong sumunod?

The British, they arrived in the 16th century and formed the east India company, kung
saan sila ang naging pinakamalaki and most powerful company the world had ever
seen. So, sobrang influential nung company, that they even had their own army.

Over the next two centuries, paunti unti ng sinasakop ng mga British ang subcontinent,
weakening the Maratha Empire, and in 1857 tuluyan ng sinakop ng mga British ang
mga modern-day Pakistan, Bangladesh, and India.

So, hindi kaaya-aya yung pag rule ng mga british para sa mga subcontinent,

In 1906 a political party called the all-India Muslim league was created., para
protektahan yung mga muslims nan aka tira sa british India..

Muhammad Ali Jinnah became the leader and his friend Muhammad Iqbal yung
unang nag suggest na yung mga Muslims ng India ay dapat may sariling bansa.
Pero madaming against to that idea.

Pero, sa kabila ng lahat, when Britain ceded control of the subcontinent on August
14th 1947, the day after that the India split into 3 that’s when West Pakistan and
East Pakistan were created.

Ayan, siguro lahat sainyo didn’t know that nuong umpisa ay meron palang dalawang
Pakisatan.

Right after the divide, meron pading mga muslims na nakatira sa India, and Hindus and
Sikhs living in Pakista. Lahat ng grupo na yan, they all faced horrible violence during
that time. Things got so bad for religious minorities, tapos India and Pakistan agreed to
a mandatory population exchange.

So, more than 10 million people were forced to leave everything behind and move
across the boarder. Pero sa kasamaang palad, they met even more violence on their
journeys, ayan nagkaroon ng riot, and faith-based killings. So, the estimated people
died was as many as 2 million people who are trying to reach their country.

Unfortunately the problem didn’t stop there, soons, Pakistan and India went to war
over a northern state called Kashmir, which had a majority muslims population.
And a war broke out between Pakistan and India, pareho nilang gusting icontroll
yung Kashmir. That war was so fierce, and that got thousands of people died at marami
ding naging sugatan.

The conflict ended in 1949 because the united nations stepped in to help create a
ceasefire and divide up the land, and nag agree yung parehong partido sa ceasefire.

In 2019, there was also the last major conflict that happened, both sides were
threatening war and all the politicians talking about it. Mga news outlets and
madami ding mga taong nagproprotesta.

Despite everything that was happening, may kinakaharap ding sariling problema ang
pakisatan. In 1971, East Pakistan’s continued frustration with west pakistan’s
politics reached breaking point and they seceded, this move was met with a lot
of resistance from west Pakistan, however an all-out war begun.

Sa loob ng siyam na buwan that the war took place, more than 30, 000 people
were killed. East Pakistan held their ground and eventually became the nation
now known as Bangladesh.

After this, their problems still didn’t stop, terrorism has been a major issue in Pakistan
since the 1980’s when the Taliban in Afghanistan started to expand, and they
started to move into the mountains of Pakistan, their expansion unfortunately led
to a boom in terrorist activity all around the country.

Since then, terrorist groups liked the Taliban and they started to gain major influence in
Pakistan, it reached its peak in 2009, at more than 12,000 people were killed
throughout the year.

Thanks to the huge efforts from the Pakistan army, in 2018 the killings lessen, less
than 1, 000 people were killed by the violence.

Pero sa kabili ng magulong history ng Pakistan, let’s not forget the main thing that
makes Pakistan great, the wonderful everyday people.

The Pakistani people have a resilient spirit and are very proud of their diverse culture
and traditions. They are endlessly passionate about cricket, they love to celebrate even
the smallest occasions with the biggest parties, they are also friendly to anyone visiting
their country and they are also hospitable

So, Pakistan has a very large population or they are densely populated with
different ethnicity. Tulad ng Pilipinas na may iba’t ibang ethnic groups like the
Tagalog, Cebuano, Tausog and many more, Pakistan is also composed of different
ethnic groups, so, you don’t only see Punjabi in Pakistan, they are also composed of
different ethnicity like the Pashtuns, Myuhajir (myu- ha- dyur) and many more.

Mainly or mostly Indo- Iranian yung ginagamit nilang language duon.

Pakistan has historically and culturally been associated with its

neighbors Iran, Afghanistan, and India. Since Pakistan and India achieved
independence in 1947, Pakistan has been distinguished from its larger southeastern
neighbor by its overwhelmingly Muslim population.

Pakistan has struggled throughout its existence to attain political stability and
sustained social development.

The capital of Pakistan is Islamabad, in the foothills of the Himalayas in the northern

part of the country.

The largest city in Pakistan is Karachi, in the south on the coast of the Arabian Sea.

Diba I have mentioned earlier than Pakistan was divided into two, the eat and west
Pakistan.

West Pakistan, is located in the Indus River basin in the northwestern portion of
the Indian subcontinent,

and East Pakistan, located more than 1,000 miles (1,600 km) to the east in the vast
delta of the Ganges-Brahmaputra river system.

And I also mentioned that East Pakistan proclaimed as the independent country of
Bangladesh.

Pakistan encompasses a rich diversity of landscapes, starting in the northwest,

from the soaring Pamirs and the Karakoram Range through a maze of mountain ranges,
a complex of valleys, and inhospitable plateaus, down to the remarkably even surface of
the fertile Indus River plain, which drains southward into the Arabian Sea.

It contains a section of the ancient Silk Road and the Khyber Pass, the famous

passageway that has brought outside influences into the otherwise isolated
subcontinent.

Yet, politically and culturally, Pakistan has struggled to define itself. Just like what
I have said earlier, we have already discussed naman na the history of pakisatan and
the conflicts they had to go through, sa politics man nila or religion. I hope you listened
because I am not going to repeat it again.

ETHNIC COMPOSITION
Let’s talk about the ethnic composition of the Pakistan.

The area currently occupied by Pakistan ay naging ruta ng mga militar and an entry pot
for peoples and cultures. It is therefore a significant cultural and ethnic melting pot. 

Modern Pakistan’s population can be divided broadly into five major and several
minor ethnic groups;

The Punjabis who constitute roughly half of the population, are the single largest group.

The Pashtuns  (Pathans) account for about one-eighth of the population,

The Muhajirs who fled to Pakistan after the partition in 1947—and Balochs constitute
the largest groups.

The sindhi form a somewhat smaller group. 

The balochi they make up, 4.3% of the Pakistan population.

There are also other smaller groups.

The Arains, Rajputs, and Jats—all Punjabis—regard themselves as ethnically distinct.

Some groups overlap the five categories; for instance, there are Punjabi Pashtuns as
well as Hazarvi Pashtuns. Some smaller groups, such as the Brahuis in Sindh and the
Siraikis in Punjab, are also ethnically distinct. Tribal Pashtuns are another subgroup of
the Pashtun constellation. Divided into numerous tribal orders, they inhabit the
mountainous region along the Afghan frontier. Among these are the Yusufzai, Orakzai,
Swati, Afridi, Wazir, Mohmand, and Mahsud. Other unique tribal peoples are found still
farther north in the remoter mountain regions of Dir, Chitral, Hunza, and Gilgit.
LAND

Now, let’s talk about the land of Pakistan,

Pakistan is bounded by Iran to the west, Afghanistan to the northwest and

north, China to the northeast, and India to the east and southeast. The coast of
the Arabian Sea forms its southern border.

Since 1947 the Kashmir region, along the western Himalayas, has been disputed, with
Pakistan, India, and China each controlling sections of the territory.

Part of the Pakistani-administered territory comprises the so-called Azad

Kashmir (“Free Kashmir”) region—which Pakistan nonetheless considers an
independent state, with its capital at Muzaffarabad.

The remainder of Pakistani-administered Kashmir consists of Gilgit and Baltistan,

known collectively after 2009 as Gilgit-Baltistan (formerly the Northern Areas).

Relief and Drainage

Pakistan is situated at the western end of the great Indo-Gangetic Plain.

Of the total area of the country, about three-fifths consists of rough mountainous terrain
and plateaus, and the remaining two-fifths constitutes a wide expanse of level plain.

The land can be divided into five major regions:

the Himalayan and Karakoram ranges and their subranges;

the Hindu Kush and western mountains;

the Balochistan plateau;

the submontane plateau (Potwar Plateau, Salt Range, trans-Indus plain,

and Sialkot area);

and the Indus River plain.

Within each major division there are further subdivisions, including a number of desert
areas.

(Sum up Discussion, repeat every key terms or try to assess your viewers)

Sa kabili ng magulong history ng Pakistan, let’s not forget the main thing that makes
Pakistan great, the wonderful everyday people, though every country is beautiful it just
takes courage to appreciate the beauty of every country nga naman.

The Pakistani people have a resilient spirit and are very proud of their diverse
culture and traditions. They are endlessly passionate about cricket, they love to
celebrate even the smallest occasions with the biggest parties, they are also friendly to
anyone visiting their country and they are also hospitable.

That’s all for my(our) report, thank you so much and I(we) hope you learned
something.