Social Studies Grade 

Test

 Study Guide
What factors contributed to the need for a new labor force?
o
o
The slave trade
o The procuring, transporting, and selling of human beings as slaves, in particular
the former trade in black Africans as slaves by European countries and North
America.
o Most enslaved people had been captured in the interior of Africa, often by
Africans who profited from selling slaves to Europeans.
o The captives were chained around the neck then marched to the coast. This
journey lasted as long as 1000 miles.
Middle Passage
o The voyage across the Atlantic Ocean that enslaved Africans were forced to
endure.
African diaspora
o (A diaspora is the scattering of people.) enslaved Africans were sent all across the
New World.
Slave culture in the Americas (importance of family and religion)
o Slaves came from different parts of Africa. They spoke different languages and
were from different cultural backgrounds.
o However, they shared many customs and viewpoints and built a new African
American culture.
 Families
o Families were a vital part of the slave culture
o Families provided a refuge
o Many families were broken apart when family members were sold to another
owner
o In Latin America there were many more male slaves that female slaves. This
made it difficult for slaves there to form stable families.
 Religion
o Religion was a second refuge for slaves
o Slaves religion was primarily Christianity, but it also included traditional
elements from African religions as well
 o Religion gave slaves a sense of self worth and a hope for salvation in the
present and eternity
o Slaves use songs and folk tales to tell their stories of sorrow, hope, agony, and
joy
o Many slaves also expressed themselves through art and dance.
The English colonies (Southern, New England, Middle)
 Southern
o Maryland, Virginia, North and South Carolina, and Georgia
 New England
o Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire,
 Middle
o Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Delaware
Pilgrims and puritans
o The Pilgrims were on separatist group that left England in the early 1600s to
escape persecution.
o In 1620 the pilgrims landed on Plymouth rock in present day Massachusetts
o The pilgrims and Wampanoag chief Massasoit and 90 other guests celebrated the
first thanksgiving.
o Puritan is a protestant group that wanted to purify or reform, the Anglican
Church.
Mayflower compact
o A legal contract in which they agreed to have fair laws to protect the general
good.
o
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Headright system
o Under this system, colonist who paid their own way to Virginia, reclaimed 50
acres of land.
Indentured servants
o These servants signed a contract to work for four to seven years for those who
paid for their journey to America.
Bacon’ Rebellion
o When the governor tried to stop him, Bacon and his followers attacked and
burned Jamestown in an uprising known as Bacon’s Rebellion.
Toleration Act
o This bill made it a crime to restrict the religious rights of Christians
Economies of the Southern, Middle and New England colonies
 Southern
o
  Middle
o
 New England
o
Role of women in the colonies
o Cook
o Spun
o Wove wool
o Sewed clothing
o Made soap and butter
o Carried water
o Dried fruit
o Care for livestock
Great migration
o Between 1629, and 1640 many thousands of English men and women left
England.
o In 1629, Charles granted a group of Puritans and Merchants a charter to settle in
New England.
o They formed the Massachusetts Bay Company. In 1630, a fleet of ships carrying
Puritans colonists left England for Massachusetts to seek religious freedom.
Anne Hutchinson view and work in colonies
o In Boston, an outspoken woman also angered Puritan church leaders. Anne
Hutchinson publicly discussed religious ideas that some leaders thought were
radical.
o Hutchinson believed that people’s relationship with God did not need guidance
from ministers.
o Hutchinson’s views alarmed puritans such as John Winthrop. Puritan leaders did
not believe that women should be religious leaders. Puritan leaders put
Hutchinson on trial for her ideas.
o The court decided to force her out of the colony. With a group of followers,
Hutchinson helped found the new colony of Portsmouth, later a part of the colony
of Rhode Island.
Willian Penn
o William Penn was born in London as the son of a wealthy admiral. Penn joined
the Quakers in 1666 and became an active preacher and writer of religious works.
He supported toleration of dissenters.
o In 1681 he received a charter to establish a new colony called Pennsylvania.
There, Penn put his beliefs into practice. He insisted on fair dealings with local
American Indians, welcomed immigrants, and promised religious toleration.
Education in the New England colonies
o Education was important in colonial New England. Mothers and fathers wanted
their children to be able to read the Bible. The Massachusetts Bay Colony passed
some of the first laws requiring parents to provide instruction for their children.