13 Colonies

*England, Spain, and France Claim land because

of the natural geography that exists in the new
world.
Map
 Using your map of the 13 colonies, fill in the names.
 Rhode Island
Connecticut
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
 Delaware
Pennsylvania
New York
New Jersey
Maryland
Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia
Division of Colonies
 New England Colonies
Rhode Island
Connecticut
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
 Middle Colonies
Delaware
Pennsylvania
New York
New Jersey
Southern Colonies
Maryland
Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia
Who went to the New World?
 Puritans
 Pilgrims
 Quakers
Pilgrims --- 1620
 The Pilgrims were very unhappy living in Holland.
They decided to go to America. They bought a ship
called the Speedwell. The ship was small and old.
There were so many wanting to go to America that
a second ship was needed. The Pilgrims made an
agreement with some businessmen in England. The
businessmen got the Pilgrims a ship named the
Mayflower. They also bought them food and
supplies. In return the Pilgrims agreed to work for
the businessmen for seven years. They agreed to
send furs and lumber from the New World back to
England.
Pilgrims
 Picture =
http://www.mce.k12tn.net/colonial_america/
pilgrims.htm

 The Pilgrims wanted to break away from the

Church of England. Pilgrims were jailed and
fined in England for starting their own
church. They were afraid to stay in England.
Many Pilgrims went to Holland in 1608. This
group lived in Holland for 12 years.
Pilgrims
 One hundred and two people left from England.
They were given land in what is now New York.
Shortly after leaving England the Speedwell
became leaky and had to return to shore. Some
passengers from the Speedwell stayed behind
in England. Others crowded onto the
Mayflower.
 On November 11, 1620 after 66 days the
Mayflower came to Cape Cod. They started a
settlement which the Pilgrims called Plymoth
Plantation. Their leader was William Bradford.
 Mayflower- Ship the Pilgrims came to the new
world on. Mayflower
Compact-
agreement
Pilgrims signed by
Want Pilgrims to do
religious what was best
freedom for group,
from helped
England in establish idea
1620. of early
democracy in
America.
Pilgrims
 The first winter was hard for the Pilgrims.
They had to struggle to build shelter. In two
or three months half of the people died. Half
of the Pilgrims who survived were children.
Only four women lived. An Indian named
Squanto helped the Pilgrims. He taught them
how to grow crops, hunt, and build shelter.
Because of his help the Pilgrims survived.
 The first Thanksgiving in Nov 1621
◦ http://www.scholastic.com/scholastic_thanksgiving/feast/index.htm
William Bradford- Leader of Pilgrims.
Squanto- Indian who helped the Pilgrims survive. (crops, trade)
Puritans ---- 1629
 The Puritans (picture =http://www.sonofthesouth.net/revolutionary-
war/pilgrims/puritans.htm)

• The Puritans wanted to reform the Church of

England. (reform - to change)

 Example - simpler forms of worship

 - do away with Catholic traditions, such as organ

music and special clothes for priests.

 • John Winthrop was the leader of the Puritans.

Puritans
 • In 1629, the Puritans were granted a charter to
form the Massachusetts Bay Company.

 • Relations With Native Americans:

 - fighting increased as the Puritans settled on

Native American land.

 • Hard Work:

 - the Puritans worked very hard at farming, fishing,

and hunting in order to become successful.
Puritans’ Values
 - religion and education were very important.

 - dancing and games were disapproved of, and

illegal on the Sabbath.

 - the Puritans wanted Massachusetts to be a "City

on the Hill".

 Witches were blamed as scapegoats for their

problems.
Ex.) stress, smallpox, Native Americans, belief in the devil

 scapegoat - one that receives the blame for others.

 Famous Puritan Dissenters
Thomas Hooker

In 1636, Thomas Hooker left Massachusetts because he thought that the

governor had too much power. He set up the colony of Connecticut.

Roger Williams

Hebelieved in the “separation of church and state”. (the belief that the
government and religion should have no official relationship.)

◦In 1635, Williams was ordered back to England.

◦Instead, he left Massachusetts and formed the colony of Rhode Island.

◦Rhode Island became a refuge (a safe place) for people seeking religious
freedom.
Quakers and Pennsylvania
 Quakers were Protestant reformers:

 • They believed that all people were equal.

 • They refused to serve in the army and opposed

all warfare.

 • They refused to pay taxes to the Church of

England. Therefore, the Quakers were persecuted
in England.

 • Many Quakers were jailed, fined, and hanged.

Pennsylvania was settled in 1677

 King Charles II made William Penn, a Quaker, the

proprietor of some land in America named
Pennsylvania
 - Penn wanted Pennsylvania to be a model of
religious freedom. (picture of Penn
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:William_Penn.png

- Penn believed that land should be bought and not

taken from the Native Americans.

 - Thousands of Europeans moved to Pennsylvania,

and Philadelphia (the “City of Brotherly Love”) grew
quickly.
Colonists’ Life
How colonists spoke
 http://www.plimoth.org/kids/talk.php

 http://www.pbs.org/wnet/colonialhouse/teac
hers/dirty_manner/index.html

 Tis a great day to go angling.

 Me dame is in the cote eating some daunties.
 A fortnight ago, my lord and lady saith that I

have become sully.

How colonists spoke
 Tis a great day to go angling.
◦ It is a great day to go fishing.
 Me dame is in the cote eating some dainties.
◦ My mother / my wife is in the cottage eating some
candy.
 A fortnight ago, my lord and lady saith that I
have become sully.
◦ Two weeks ago, my mother and father or boss said
that I have become unclean / dirty.
More interesting info
Average 6 children per family.
Average age at marriage:
 Women – 22 years old
 Men – 27 years old.
How colonists dressed?
 http://www.pbs.org/wnet/colonialhouse/hist
ory/dress_up_flash.html
What colonists ate?
 Corn Pudding
 3 ½ cups water
1 teaspoon salt
1 ¼ cups yellow cornmeal
butter
nutmeg
molasses
 Pour water and salt into a large saucepan. Bring to boil
and slowly add the cornmeal ¼ cup at a time, stirring
constantly. Turn heat down and continue stirring until
the mixture thickens. Spoon into bowls and top with
butter, sprinkle of nutmeg, and some molasses.
What games did children play?
 Hopscotch
 Leapfrog
 Yo-yo
 Bubble blowing
 Kite flying
 Jump rope
 Marbles
 Pick up sticks
Colonial Occupations
 blacksmith (http://www.edupics.com/en-coloring-pictures-pages-photo-blacksmith-i7275.html)
 cooper = a barrel maker
 cordwainer = shoemaker
 glassblower
 hatter = makes hats
 housewright = carpenter or house builder
 joiner = cabinet maker
 printer
 shipwright = ship builder
 silversmith
 storekeeper
 tanner = makes leather
 Wigmaker
 farmer
Division of 13 Colonies
 The 13 colonies are very different in
geography and climate. These factors
affected and influenced the life style in the
colonies.
Division of the Colonies
 New England Colonies
Rhode Island
Connecticut
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
 Middle Colonies
Delaware
Pennsylvania
New York
New Jersey
Southern Colonies
Maryland
Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia
School
 Schools were generally small, not like the
large ones many kids go to today. Kids
learned to read from special books called
hornbooks.
 Kids in colonial America were taught a trade,

usually the one their fathers did, so they

could continue the family business when their
fathers retired. Often, kids would go to
school and learn
School
 New England:
◦ parents believed that their children should learn
about Christianity. To that end, parents taught their
children to read so they could read the Bible. And
once those kids knew how to read, they could read
school books as well. New England villages having
more than 100 families set up grammar schools,
which taught boys Latin and math and other
subjects needed to get into college. And although
girls could read, they weren't allowed to go to
grammar school or to college.
School
 Middle Colonies schools were also largely
religious but taught the teachings of one
religion. If you were a Catholic, you learned
about the Catholic religion. Most schools
were private. Students also learned other
subjects so they could get into college. Again,
girls weren't allowed to attend, unless they
were Quakers.
School
 School-age kids in the Southern Colonies
were taught at home, for the most part, by
their parents or by private tutors. When these
kids became teenagers, they would then go
off to college or to Europe. As in the other
colonies, Southern girls did not go to school.
New England Colonies
Farming was difficult in New England because of:
• rocky soil • thick forests • long winters

Fishing and trade became major industries in New England.

A growing fishing industry in New England caused:

◦an increase in shipbuilding • an increase in lumbering

◦• an increase in barrel making • an increase in sailmaking

◦• an increase in metal working (blacksmith)

In order to learn these skills, people became apprentices.

Apprentice - a person who learns a trade or craft from a master craftsworker

Farming in New England Colonies
 Farmers in the New England Colonies had a
rough time of it. Much of the soil wasn't good
for growing crops, especially near the ocean.
Also, the early and long-lasting winters killed
many crops quickly. Still, New England
farmers often grew enough food to feed their
families and maybe even help feed other
families. The main kind of food New
Englanders contributed to the economy was
fish
Farming in Middle Colonies
 Farmers in the Middle Colonies were the most
prosperious of all. They grew wheat, barley,
oats, rye, and corn. The Middle Colonies were
often called the "breadbasket" because they
grew so much food. Wheat could be ground
to make flour, and both wheat and flour
could be sold in other colonies or in Europe.
Southern Colonies
The South has rich soil and a warm climate.

Tobacco, rice, and indigo were grown on

plantations.
Indigo =a plant that was harvested to dye
(color) cloth. Intense blue color.
(
http://www.aurorasilk.com/natural_dyes/dyes/
dye_indigo.html
)
http://www.flickr.com/photos/goldtoblue/5224
13382/
Southern Colonies
SocialClasses
Planters - plantation owners, wealthy landowners, owned
many slaves

Small Landowners
owned small farms and very few owned slaves

Tenant Farmers - people who worked on land owned by

others. They paid rent to the landowners with crops.
Many tenant farmers were overseers

overseer - a supervisor of slaves

Slaves - were the lowest social class in the South and all
of the colonies
Farming in Southern Colonies
 Farmers in the Southern Colonies grew
several things. The most popular crop was
tobacco. The Jamestown colonists had grown
tobacco originally, and tobacco farms sprung
up all over Virginia and North Carolina. The
two southernmost states (South Carolina and
Georgia) also grew indigo and rice.
Slavery in the Colonies
 The First Slave arrived around 1625 to
Massachusetts. Massachusetts was the first
slave holding colony in the New World.

 Slave holding = people had slaves

 http://www.slavenorth.com/massachusetts.ht
m
Indentured Servants

 A person who is under a contract with an

employer for usually three to seven years, in
exchange for their transportation, food,
drink, clothing, lodging and other necessities.
 Several people who arrived to the colonies as

indentured servants since they could not

afford to pay the passage on the ship. Over
half of all white immigrants to the English
colonies of North America during the 17th
and 18th centuries may have been indentured
servants
Indentured Servants
 Unlike a slave, an indentured servant is
required to work only for a limited term
specified in a signed contract
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indentured_serv
ant
Maryland- Founded by Lord Baltimore as a
refuge for Catholics.
New York- Founded by Dutch, claimed by
Charles II and given as a gift to the Duke of
York.
New Jersey- Given as a gift to two other men
from a chunk of New York.

Georgia- Established as a place to send

criminals.