CHECK your ANSWERS A) Chyme is f00d combined with digestive juices. Carbohydrates 3. Small “4. Ureter '3. Proteins %G) Peristalsis is a muscle contraction that sends Food down your esophagus. (F) Nephrons are filtration units in your Kidneys. [8 Lorge 4) When you chew food with your +eeth, you mechanically digest it Soliva is the first step in chemical digestion of your Food. |10. In the bladder ¥ Ohopter FO RESPIRATORY AND CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Cellular respiration is a series of reactions that breaks down glucose, a simple sugar, releasing chemical energy for your body to use. In order to use this sugar or “burn ‘these calories," your body needs oxygen (like a fire needs oxygen for combustion), Cellular respiration uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide and water as waste products. Blood is the delivery system that carries oxygen to all your cells from the lungs and returns to the lungs with carbon dioxide woste.Respiratory Tract Bronchioles connect directly to ALVEOLI, millions of tiny air “2 _ | sacs. Oxygen from the air in the alveoli moves into the blood | You breathe air in through your mouth and nose. | in the capillaries to be distributed throughout your body so ES | respiration can happen in all of your cells. At the same time, _ From there, the air moves into your PHAR YN, which is a } _ carbon dioxide waste in the blood moves into air in the __ passageway in your throat that leads to both your stomach and _ | alveoli to be exhaled. lungs. The EPIGLOTTIS is a flap (the little punching bag in | the back of your throat) that prevents food from going into your _ | airway, but when you breathe, the epiglottis remains open. From there, air moves into the LARY NY, a part of the air passage where your vocal cords are located. The air then moves into the TRACHEA, which is lined with cartilage to keep it firm and ensure it doesn’t collapse. ‘The trachea also has tiny hairlike structures and mucus to trap bacteria, dust, or any particles that shouldn't be going into your lings. THESE LITTLE HAIRS: (CALLED CILIA) PASS ALL THAT GUNK UPWARD For YoU To SPIT OUT, Blow OUT YOUR NOSE, ‘OR SWALLOW. (BETTER To DIGEST IT THAN HAVE IT CLOGGING UP Your LUNGS! STILL... GROSS!) Next, the air moves into tubes leading to your lungs called BROMCHI. The word “bronchi” looks kind of like “branch,” and that is exactly what happens to the bronc! They branch into smaller tubes called BRONCHIOLES.Breathing BREATHING is the mechanical YS process of taking in air: You breathe = & ‘automatically—you dont have to think about breathing. IF you need more oxygen, you breathe faster (which is why you get ovt of breath when you exercise—your body needs more oxygen to burn more calories for energy). When you squeeze a sponge, all of the air and water rushes out, and when you let go, the sponge expands and the air rushes back in. Breathing works the same way, Air gets pulled into your chest when your chest expands, and pushed out ‘when it contracts. # muscle under your rib cage called the DIAPHRAGM controls this expanding and contracting motion CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Your CIRCULATORY SYSTEM is sort of like the transportation system of your body, Tt carries and distributes things like nutrients, sugars, and oxygen fo different parts of your body and collects waste for removol. Blood Tf your circulatory system is the transportation system of ‘the body, blood is the vehicle. Blood is the liquid that actually transports oxygen, nutrients, waste, and other substances. \Waste from your body is picked up and transported by blood o your kidneys. Carbon dioxide waste is carried in your blood to your lungs, where itis exhaled. Your blood also has cells rom your immune system that fight diseases and heal injuries. OOD CONTAINS: PLASMA: the liquid in your blood that carries most of the substances that need to be transported, | ike sugar (glucose), nutrients, minerals, vitamins, carbon dioxide, and waste RED BLOOD CELLS: cells that carry oxygen to your body’s cells WHITE BLOOD CELLS: cells from your immune system that fight disease