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Nutritional exchanges between the body and the environment in animals: Nutrition

1. Look carefully at the foods in the pictures and answer the questions that follow.

(A) (B) (C) (D)

1.1 In items I to III, select the option that correctly completes the statements.

I. Of the foods represented,______________________ constitute the one that,

according to the Mediterranean Food Wheel, must be ingested
in_____________________ quantity.

(A) … the potatoes … larger (B) … the potatoes … smaller

(C) … the eggs … larger … (D) ... the eggs … smaller

II. Leek is rich in ______________________ and your consumption ____________

the regulation of intestinal transit.

(A) … fibers … prevents (B) … proteins … prevents

(C) … fibers … favors (D) … proteins … favors

III. Nuts are rich in _____________, nutrient with the functions _______________.

(A) … lipids … regulatory and protective (B) … proteins … regulatory and

protective
(C) … lipids … plastic and energetic … (D) … proteins … plastic and energetic

2. Classify the following statements as true (T) or false (F).

(A) According to the Mediterranean Food Pyramid, rest and exercise are essential for a healthy
life.
(B) Sterilization and ultrapasteurization are food preservation techniques.
(C) Food additives serve to extend the shelf life of nutrients.
(D) Daily water intake should be limited to four glasses.
(E) Food advertising mainly promotes healthy eating habits.
(F) Food labels contain information about the nutrients and additives presente in food, as well
as the expiry date.
 3. Match each number on the menu to one of the letters on the key in order to build a healthy
and na unhealthy menu.

Key:
Menu
A. Potatoes fries
Soup: vegetables cream
B. Water
Main dish: Grilled salmon + 1+2 C. Apple
Dessert: 3 D. Soda
Drink: 4 E. Boiled potatoes
F. Sautéed legumes
G. Fried onion rings
H. Chocolate Mousse

1) Options for a healthy menu:

1- _______ 2- ______ 3- __________ 4- __________

2) Options for a unhealthy menu:

2- _______ 2- ______ 3- __________ 4- __________

4. Classify as true (T) or false (F) the following sentences.

(A) Tongue movements facilitate the ensalivation of food.

(B) The salivary glands are organs attached to the digestive tract.
(C) The salivary glands are all located at the base of the mouth.
(D) Saliva only acts chemically on foods that contain starch.
(E) Digestion of food begins in the esophagus.

5. Look at the picture and answer.

5.1 What is represented in the figure?

5.2 What is the fate of the food bolus?

5.3 Explains the importance of peristaltic movements

along the digestive tract.

6. Observe the figure, which represents important structures of the digestive system.

6.1 What are these structures called?

6.2 Select the option that identifies the body from which they are part with.

(A) Stomach
(B) Large intestine
(C) Small intestine
(D) Esophagus
 6.3 Explain your fuction.
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7. Order the sentences to represent the sequence of digestion steps.

A. The food bolus is swallowed.

B. In the stomach, the food bolus turns into chyme.
C. Food is chewed and mixed with the saliva.
D. Simple nutrients are absorbed.
E. Chyme passes into the small intestine.
F. With the intestine movements and the action of digestive juices, complex nutrients
become into simple nutrients.

8. Establish the correct correspondence between concepts and definitions.

Concepts
Inhale
Exhale
External Respiration
Internal Respiration

Definitions
(A) Set of reactions and exchanges that occur in cells.
(B) Breathing movement that causes air to leave the lungs, expelling carbon dioxide and
steam.
(C) Respiratory movement that moves air to the lungs, where oxygen passes into the blood.
(D) Set of respiratory movements.
(E) Gas exchange between atmospheric air and blood that occurs in the lungs.

9. Analyze the table, which presents data on the composition of inhale and exhale air.

Inhale Air (8 L/min) Exhale Air

Oxygen 21,0% 16,4%
Carbon dioxide 0,03% 4,0%
Steam Variable (rarely saturated) Saturate
Temperature Variable Approximately that of the body
Dust Variable, but usually present Few or none

9.1 Select the options that correctly complete the following sentence.

From the analysis of the data in the table, we can infer that…

A. …The amount of oxygen remains constant in the inspired and expired air.
B. …expired air is richer in carbon dioxide than inspired air.
C. …the human respiratory system has a cleaning process that retains dust from the
ambient air.
 D. …expired air is only saturated with water vapor when inspired air is also saturated.
E. …the human body alters the temperature of the inspired air, bringing it closer to
body temperature.
F. …expired air is warmer, wetter and less polluted than inspired air.

10. Analyze the following table, which shows the composition of inspired and expired air, and
assign columns A and B to the respective headings.

A B
N2 79% 79%
O2 20,94% 15,7%
CO2 0,04% 5%
H 2O 0,5% 6,2%

Title A - _____________________________________
Title B - _____________________________________

10.1 Complete the legend of the chemical symbols with the name of the gas they
represent.
N2 – Nitrogen
O2 - __________________________
CO2 – Carbon Dioxide
H2O - _________________________

10.2 Explain why the value of O2 is smaller and the values of CO2 and H2O are higher in
column B.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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11. The following diagram shows the different processes that allow cellular respiration, the
intervening substances and the resulting products of cellular respiration. Complete the
scheme with the correct expressions.
A_________________ B________________ • Steam and Carbon dioxide
• Energy
• Inhale air
• Food
• Eliminated products
• Oxygen
• Exhale Air
• Nutrients
• Nutrients and oxygen
C______________
_

D E F

G H I
12. Selects the structures that are part of the cardiovascular system.

Kidneys Heart Lungs

Capillaries Pharynx Veins
Muscles Arteries Small intestine

13. The figure represents a human heart in section. Observe and answer the questions.

13.1 Complete the figure caption.

13.2 Select the option that

correctly completes each of the
sentences.

I. The right part of the heart…

A) …communicates with the left part.
B) … does not communicate with the left part.

II. The right auricle…

A) … communicates with the ventricle on the same side.
B) …communicates with the left atrium.

III. The ventricles are the …

A) ...inferior cavities of the heart.
B) … superiors cavities of the heart.

IV. The auricles have the walls…

A) … thicker than the ventricles.
B) …Less thick than the ventricles.

V.The walls of the right ventricle are…

A) …thicker than the left ventricles.
B) …less thicker than the left ventricles.

VI.In the left part of the heart circulates…

A) …Arterial blood
B) …Venous blood

14. Explains the importance of the excretory function in the regulation of the body.
___________________________________________________________________________
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15. What is the name of the elimination of toxic substances from the body?
___________________________________________________________________________

16. Observe the figure, which represents the urinary system.

16.1 Select the option that describes the function of this system
(A) Produce urea and uric acid.
(B) Produce, accumulate and eliminate urine to the outside.
(C) Produce sweat and release it to the outside.
(D) Produce and remove excess water from feces.

16.2 Complete the caption.

16.3 Refer to the function of the organ marked with number 1.

____________________________________________________

16.4 Select the option that completes correctly the next sentence.
Each ureter carries urine…
A. … from the bladder to the outside.
B. … from the kidney to the bladder.
C. … from the bladder to the kidney.
D. ... from bladder to urethra

16.5 Refer to the function of the organ marked with number 3.

___________________________________________________________________________
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16.5.1 Refer two characteristics of this organ.

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