LECTURE 11

Several electric bulbs designed to be used on a 220 V electric supply

1 line, are rated 10 W. How many lamps can be connected in parallel
with each other across the two wires of 220 V line if the maximum
allowable current is 5 A?
Given : P.D. (V) = 220 V According to Ohm’s law,

Maximum current, (I ) = 5A V = IR
max
Power of one bulb (P1) = 10 W R is the total resistance of the circuit for x
number of electric bulbs
To find : No. of bulbs to be connected
in parallel(x) V 220
R = = = 44 Ω ….. (ii)
V2 1 1 I 5
Formulae : P = , V = IR , = ×
R R R1 x 1 1
= ×
Solution : Resistance R1, of the bulb is R R1
x
given by the expression, From eq. (i) and (ii),
V 2 V2 R1 4840
P1 = R1 = x = = = 110
R P1 R 44
1
(220)2 110 electric bulbs are connected in
R1 = = 4840 Ω ….. (i) Ans :
10 parallel.
 A copper wire has a diameter of 0.5 mm and resistivity of
2 1.6 × 10-8 Ω m.
(a) What will be the length of this wire to make its resistance 10Ω ?
(b) How much does the resistance change if the diameter is doubled?

Given : Resistivity (ρ) = 1.6 × 10-8 Ω m R× R×

(b) R ∝ ρ = ∴ l= ρ = 1.6 -8
2 × 10 Ω m
A πr
ρ
Resistance (R) = 10 Ω d =l 0.5 mm
So, when the diameter of the wire is doubled, then its 10 × 3.14 × (0.25 × 10-3)2
Diameter (d) = 0.5 mm l = R = 10 Ω
resistance will become (1/2)2 or 1/4 1.6 × 10 -8
Radius (r) = 0.5 1.57
mm = 0.25 × 10-3 m 10 × 3.14 × 0.0625 × 10-6
2 =
0.8 1.6 × 10-8
To find : (a)Length (l) = ?
(b)How much does the resistance 10 × 1.57 × 0.0625 × 10-6 × 108
=
change if the diameter is doubled? 0.8
10 × 1.57 × 0.0625 ×
Formula : R = ,A = = 102
πr2 0.8
Solution : R = 1.57 × 62.5
l = ∴ l = 122.65 m
0.8
 Compare the power used in the 2 Ω resistor in each of the following circuits : (i) a
3 6 V battery in series with 1 Ω and 2 Ω resistors, and (ii) a 4 V battery in parallel
with 12 Ω and 2 Ω resistors.

Power (P2) = ?
Power (P1) = ?
R1=2Ω

R2= 1Ω
I + R3= 12Ω I
+
6V 4V
A A
– –

K K

Current in both the circuit is I, resistance is 2Ω hence by using

the formula P=I2R, Power used in both cases will be the same.
 Compare the power used in the 2 Ω resistor in each of the following circuits : (i) a
3 6 V battery in series with 1 Ω and 2 Ω resistors, and (ii) a 4 V battery in parallel
with 12 Ω and 2 Ω resistors.
Given : Resistance (R1) = 2 Ω Solution : Case II : 12 Ω and 2 Ω
Resistance (R2) = 1 Ω Case I : 1 Ω and 2 Ω resistors resistors are connected in
are connected in series parallel
Resistance (R3) = 12 Ω
RS = R1 + R2 In parallel combination
P.D. (V1) = 6 V
∴ RS = 1 + 2 potential difference
P.D. (V2) = 4 V remains same.
∴ RS = 3 Ω
To find : Power (P1) = ? ∴ potential difference
V1 = IRS across 2 Ω resistor will
Power (P2) = ?
∴ 6 = I×3 be 2 V
Formulae : RS = R1 + R2 ∴ I = 2A
V1 = IRS 2
P2 =
P1 = I R1
P1 = I2R1
∴ P1 = (2)2 × 2 ∴ P2 =
The power used by 2 Ω resistor in
Ans : P2 cases
both the = is 8 watt ∴ P1 = 8 watt ∴ P2 = 8 watt
 Q.4. Calculate the effective resistance between P and Q.

Ans. : RPAQ = 7 + 3 = 10 Ω
RPBQ = 6 + 4 = 10 Ω
Now, 10 Ω , 1 Ω and 10 Ω resistances are in 7Ω
P A
parallel between P and Q.
1 1 1 1 1Ω
∴ R = 10 + 1 + 10 6Ω 3Ω
1 + 10 + 1 12
= =
10 10
5 Ω B Q
or R = 4Ω
6
 Q.5 Five resistors are connected as shown in the figure.
Find the ammeter reading when the circuit is closed.

Ans. : i. Between B and D

Rs = 3 + 3 = 6 Ω C
1 = 1 + 1 = 1 + 1 = 3 = 1 3Ω 3Ω
Rp Rs 3 6 3 6 2
RP = 2 Ω B D
3Ω
ii. Between A and E 0.5Ω 0.5Ω
Rs = 0.5 + 2 + 0.5 = 3 Ω
-A + (
∴I = V 3
(
= A + - E
R 3 3V
Ammeter reading = 1 A
Thank You