CH 3 Domsttic Electtricity Textbook Suggested Answers

4 Electricity and Magnetism Chapter 3 Domestic Electricity
3 Domestic Electricity
Practice 3.1 (p.133)
1 C
W is a unit of power, others are units of energy.
2 A
P = I2R ∝ R (I constant)
⇒ P 1 : P2 : P3 = R1 : R2 : R3
3 C
V2 1
P= ∝ (V constant)
R R
1 1 1
⇒ P1 : P2 : P3 = : :
R1 R2 R3
4 B
Let R be the resistance of one bulb and ε be the e.m.f. of the battery.
V2
By P = ,
R
ε2
Pseries = = 10 W
2R
ε2
Pparallel = = 4Pseries = 4 × 10 = 40 W
R
 
2
5 B
Let R be the resistance of one bulb and ε be the e.m.f. of the battery.
ε2
P=
R
Total power dissipated by two bulbs
ε2 P
= =
2R 2
6 B
1 16
Req = + 2= Ω
1 1 3
+
5 10
ε
I2Ω = = 0.1875ε
Req
V2Ω = IR = 0.1875ε × 2 = 0.375ε
V5Ω = V10Ω = ε – V2Ω = 0.625ε
V2
By P = ,
R
P2Ω = 0.0703ε2
New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition) 1

 Oxford University Press 2015
P5Ω = 0.0781ε2
P10Ω = 0.0391ε2
V 2 220 2
7 (a) Resistance = = = 24.2 Ω
P 2000
V 2 200 2
(b) (i) Power = = = 1650 W
R 24.2
V 200
(ii) Current = = = 8.26 A
R 24.2
V 220
(c) Rated current = = = 9.09 A
R 24.2
The answer obtained in (b)(ii) is smaller than the rated current.
8 (a) 500 W
P 500
(b) Current = = = 2.08 A
V 240
V 2 240 2
(c) Resistance = = = 115 Ω
P 500
9 By P = I2R,
power of 5-Ω resistor = 0.52 × 5 = 1.25 W
power of 1-Ω resistor = 0.52 × 1 = 0.25 W
Voltage across 2-Ω resistor
= total voltage across 5-Ω and 1-Ω resistors
= 0.5 × (5 + 1) = 3 V
Voltage across 1.5-Ω resistor = 6 − 3 = 3 V
V2
By P = ,
R
32
power of 2-Ω resistor = = 4.5 W
2
32
power of 1.5-Ω resistor = =6W
1.5
10 (a)
Energy
Power rating /
Appliance Period of use / h consumed / kW
kW
h
Air conditioner 1.5 1.0 1.5
Plasma TV 0.1 1.0 0.1
Kettle 2.0 0.1 0.2
Water heater 3.5 0.2 0.7
Lamp 0.5 1.0 0.5
(b) Air conditioner
(c) Total energy consumed
2 New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition)

= 1.5 + 0.1 + 0.2 + 0.7 + 0.5 = 3 kW h

New reading
= 14 212 + 3 = 14 215 kW h
11 Total power = 100 × 2 = 200 W = 0.2 kW
Total energy = 0.2 × 3.5 = 0.7 kW h
Cost = 0.7 × 1.1 = $0.77
V2
12 (a) By P = ,
R
110 2
resistance of X = = 201.7 Ω
60
110 2
resistance of Y = = 121 Ω
100
When connected in series to mains,
2202
total power = = 150 W
201.7 + 121
(b) Current drawn when connected in series
220
= = 0.682 A
201.7 + 121
By P = I2R,
power of X
= 0.6822 × 201.7 = 93.8 W > 60 W
power of Y
= 0.6822 × 121 = 56.3 W < 100 W
X glows brighter than when operated at rated value.
Y glows dimmer than when operated at rated value.
13 (a) Energy consumption difference per day
= (0.06 − 0.012) × 6 = 0.288 kW h
Cost difference per day
= 0.288 × 1.1 = $0.3168
49.5 − 13.5
Days needed = = 114
0.3168
(b) Energy consumption difference per day
= (0.06 − 0.008) × 6 = 0.312 kW h
Cost difference per day
= 0.312 × 1.1 = $0.3432
180 − 13.5
Days needed = = 485
0.3432
V2
14 (a) By P = , for the same input voltage, the circuit having the largest overall resistance has the
R
lowest power.
The bulbs in circuit 1 are all connected in series, so it has the largest resistance and lowest power.
(b), (c)
The voltages across the bulbs are calculated as follows.
VA = VB = VC = 2 V
VD = VE = 3 V
VF = 6 V
If the resistance of a bulb is R, the equivalent resistance of G and H is 0.5R.
0.5R
VG = VH = ×6=2V
0.5R + R
VI = 6 − 2 = 4 V
V2
P= ∝ V2 (R constant)
R
V↑⇒P↑
∴ F is the brightest and A, B, C, G, H are the dimmest.
Practice 3.2 (p.148)

1 B
2 B
3 B
The current that can flow through the fuse is smaller than 10 A.
By P = VI,
Power of cooker < 220 × 10 = 2200 W
4 D
Fuse of the same fuse value should be used.
∴ (1) is incorrect.
Damaged cables and plugs should be replaced.
5 L N E
P 1200
6 (a) I1 = = = 5.4545 A ≈ 5.45 A
V 220
I 5.4545
I2 = 1 = = 2.73 A
2 2
(b) To prevent a current larger than normal from flowing through the circuit

P 500
7 I= = = 2.27 A
V 220
The fuse value should be slightly higher than the operating current, so the 3-A fuse should be used.
8 (a)
(b) Any one of the following:

Thinner and cheaper cables can be used in the ring main.
All sockets can be connected in parallel to the ring main.
9 (a) If the live wire gets loose and touches the metal body of the appliance, a large current will flow to
the earth through the earth wire and blow the fuse in the live wire. The appliance is prevented
from becoming live.
(b) The appliance still works because current only flows in the live wire and the neutral wire under
normal condition.
10 (a)
blue brown
(b) The appliance has an insulating case so no current can flow through the case.
Revision exercise 3
Concept traps (p.151)
1 F
This would keep the appliance live even when the switch is open, but no current would flow through
the appliance unless a complete circuit is formed (e.g. no one touches the conducting part of the
appliance).
2 T
Current changes its direction alternately in an a.c., i.e. it can flow from the live wire through the
appliance to the neutral wire and vice versa.
Multiple-choice questions (p.151)

3 B

Energy used = 3 × 0.06 kW × 5 h = 0.9 kW h

Cost = 0.9 × 1.1 = $0.99
4 A
Let R be the resistance of one bulb.
6 2 36
P= =
R R
Equivalent resistance of the circuit
−1
 1 1 
= +  =R
 R + R R + R
6 2 36
Total power = = =P
R R
5 A
For the microwave oven,
V 2 110 2
R= = = 12.347 Ω
P 980
V 220
I= = = 17.8 A > 15 A
R 12.347
For the bulbs in (2),
220 2
R= × 6 = 4840 Ω
60
V 220
I= = = 0.0455 A < 15 A
R 4840
P
For the bulbs in (3), by I = ,
V
100
I= × 4 = 1.82 A < 15 A
220
6 A
The switch should be installed at the live wire.
7 A
Current flows through the live and neutral wires under normal conditions.
A fault does not always result in a current flowing in the earth wire. For example, a fault develops when
the live wire touches the neutral wire. In this case, no current flows in the earth wire.
8 A
If both sockets draw a current of 15 A, it is not enough to use cables rated less than 15 A in the ring
main, as shown below.

15 A 15 A
30 A 15 A
L
15 A
If there are too many sockets, the main ring may be overloaded.
9 C
Equivalent resistance of the three resistors
−1
1 1 
= +  = 2.25 Ω
 3 4 + 5
P 6
Current through the bulb = = =2A
V 3
Voltage across the resistor network
= IR = 2 × 2.25 = 4.5 V
E.m.f. of the battery = 4.5 + 3 = 7.5 V
10 A
V2
By P = , to boil water the fastest, P should be maximized and hence R should be minimized. To do
R
so, the heating elements should be connected in parallel.
11 A
If the insulation at Y is worn out, current flows from the live wire to the neutral and earth wires through
the heating element. The size of the current in the live wire is equal to the operating current so the fuse
would not break.
If the heating element is broken, the circuit is not complete and no current would flow through the live
wire, so the fuse would not break.
12 A
V2
When connected in parallel, the voltage across the resistor r is constant. By P = , the power
R
dissipated by r is constant.
r
When connected in series, the voltage across r is given by Vr = V and the power dissipated is
R+r
Vr2 r
Pr = = V2.
r ( R + r) 2
13 (HKCEE 2009 Paper 2 Q41) A

14 (HKCEE 2009 Paper 2 Q20) B

15 (HKDSE 2012 Paper 1A Q33) C
16 (HKDSE 2013 Paper 1A Q31) A
Conventional questions (p.153)

V
17 (a) Apply I = . 1M
R
(i) Current through the body
220
= = 0.0022 A 1A
100 × 10 3
(ii) Current through the body
220
= = 0.22 A 1A
1 × 10 3
(b) Do not touch any electrical appliances with wet hands. 1A
18 (a) lamp
power
top of bottom of
supply
staircase staircase
(Two-way switches) 1A
(Lamp and power supply correctly drawn) 1A
(Correct labels) 1A
V2
(b) By P = , 1M
R
V 2 240 2
R= = = 115.2 Ω
P 500
At 220 V,
220 2
Power = 1M
115.2
= 420 W 1A
P
19 (a) Apply I = . 1M
V
2000
Ikettle = = 9.09 A
220
1000
Iiron = = 4.55 A
220
150
ITV = = 0.682 A
220
Total current

= 9.09 + 4.55 + 0.682

= 14.3 A
< 15 A 1M
It is safe to do so. 1A
(b) It disconnects the circuit when the current is too large 1A
to avoid danger due to overloading. 1A
(c) Live wire. 1A
If the circuit breaker is connected to the neutral wire, the appliances are still at high potential after
the circuit is opened. 1A
20 (a) X: live wire; Y: neutral wire 1A
(b) As the electric potential at wire Y is always zero, 1A
The toast heater still works at normal condition when it touches the metal case after
the toaster is switched on. 1A
(Remark)
(c) Wire X has a large changing potential.

1A
A large current will flow through wires X and Z via the metal case due to a short circuit 1A
and the fuse would blow. 1A
(d) If Wire Z was not installed in the plug, when live wire gets loose and touches the metal case of
the heater. a large current will flow through the person who touches the metal case due to large
potential difference between the live wire and the person, an electric shock would result. 1A

21 (a) The switch and the fuse should be placed at the live wire. 1A
Otherwise, the lamp is still live even if the switch is off or the fuse blows. 1A
An electric shock may result if someone touches the conducting part of the lamp. 1A
(b)
live
neutral
(Correct positions of fuse and switch)

1A
(c) Resistance of the lamp
V 2 220 2
= = = 806.7 Ω 1M
P 60
Current through the circuit
V 240
= = = 0.2975 A ≈ 0.298 A 1A
R 806.7
The 0.5-A fuse should be used. 1A
(d) Total current = 0.2975 × 2 = 0.595 A
1M
As the total current is larger than 0.5 A, the fuse will blow. 1A
V2
22 (a) Resistance of coil = 1M
P
220 2
=
1800
= 26.9 Ω 1A
RA
(b) Resistivity = 1M
l
2
 4 × 10 −3 
26.9 × π ×  
 2 
=
2
= 1.69 × 10–4 Ω m 1A
P 1800
(c) Rated current = = = 8.18 A 1A
V 220
The fuse value should be slightly larger than the rated current, 1A
so a 10-A fuse should be used. 1A
23 (a) If one bulb is broken, the circuit is not complete and all the bulbs go out. 1A
(b) The power of the other bulbs increases.1A
The new bulb shares less voltage when compared to the original one. 1A
All the other bulbs in the chain have a larger share of voltage. 1A
Or The power of the other bulbs increases.1A

The equivalent resistance of all the bulbs decreases. 1A

Thus, the current through the bulbs increases. 1A
24 (a) (i) Z has a lower resistance than the others. 1A
(ii) No. 1A
By V = IR, as the current in the circuit increases, the voltage across one of W, X, and Y will
exceed the voltage limit before Z and the bulb will burn out. 1A
Afterwards, the circuit is not complete and no current flows through Z. 1A
2
(b) (i) Z has a lower resistance than Y. By P = I R, the power dissipated in Z is smaller, 1A
so Z glows dimmer than Y. 1A
(ii) Y is the brightest among them. W and X have the same brightness.
1A
(iii) When Z is removed, the voltage across Y increases and therefore Y glows brighter. 1A
The voltage across W and X stays the same, so their brightness does not change. 1A
25 (a) The shutters of the socket holes have to be opened by the earth pin which the two-pin plug does
not have. 1A
(b) A longer earth pin ensures that the earth wire is connected before the live wire.
1A
(c) Method 1:
Use a three-pin plug and connect the metal case to the earth pin. 1A
If a fault develops, a large current flows between the live and earth wires and break the fuse. This
prevents a large current from flowing through the user’s body. 1A
Method 2:
Use double insulation. 1A
Current cannot flow through the insulating case even if a fault develops. 1A
(d) Energy consumed
15
= 1 kW × h × 30 = 7.5 kW h 1M
60
Cost = 7.5 × 1.1 = $8.25 1A
26 (a) (i) Energy absorbed by water
= mcΔT 1M
= 2 × 4200 × (100 – 25)
= 630 000 J 1A
(ii) Energy provided by kettle
= Pt 1M
= 2000 × 6 × 60
= 720 000 J 1A
(b) Some of the energy provided by the kettle is lost to the surroundings and the kettle itself. 1A

Also, some of the energy is absorbed by the water as latent heat of vaporization to turn the water
to steam. 1A
(c) (i) (1) P
(2) Q 1A
(ii) If the kettle is connected to a 220-V supply and S is connected to P, a large current will flow
through the kettle and the 20-A fuse will break.
1A
If the kettle is connected to a 110-V supply and S is connected to Q, a small current will flow
through the kettle. The kettle will still work, but with a smaller power. 1A
V2
(iii) By P = ,
R
V 2 110 2
R1 = = = 6.05 Ω 1A
P 2000
V 2 220 2
R1 + R 2 = = = 24.2 Ω
P 2000
R2 = 24.2 – 6.05 = 18.2 Ω 1A
27 (a) Energy needed
= mcΔT + mlf 1M + 1M
= 0.5(4200)(100 – 20) + 0.5(2.26 × 106)
= 1.298 × 106 J
Time needed
E 1.298 × 106
= = = 649 s 1A
P 2000
(b) As the water is boiled away, the heater can no longer fully immerse in the water.
1A
Much energy is lost in the process. 1A
V2 1
(c) By P = , if the voltage is halved, the power becomes of the original. 1A
R 4
The time needed is 4 times longer. 1A
(d) His suggestion is incorrect. 1A
The total resistance is doubled when the two heaters are in series. 1A
V2
By P = , the total power of the two heaters is halved to that of a single heater. 1A
R
28 (HKCEE 2010 Paper 1 Q9)
29 (HKDSE 2014 Paper 1B Q8)
V 12
30 (a) (i) rp = = =6Ω 1A
I 2
1 1
(ii) = ×8 1M
Rp 6

6
Rp = 1M
8
= 0.75 Ω 1A
(iii) For one strip,
P = VI = 12 × 2 = 24 W 1M
For the heater,
P = 24 × 8 = 192 W ≈ 200 W 1A
RA
(b) ρ= 1M
l
6 × 2.4 × 10 −4 × 2.0 × 10 −3
= 1M
0.9
= 3.2 × 10−6 Ω m 1A + 1A
V2
(c) (i) By P = , if the applied voltage is the same and an equal power is expected, the
R
equivalent resistance must be the same. 1A
0.75
(ii) rs = = 0.0938 Ω 1A
8
(iii) The parallel circuit would be chosen. If one of the strips is damaged, others still work if a
parallel circuit is used. 1A
Physics in article (p.157)

31 (a) If the length is increased or the cross-sectional area is decreased,
l
by R = ρ , the resistance of the wire increases. 1A
A
Hence the voltage drop due to the cable increases. 1A
Therefore, the power output of the speakers decreases. 1A
(b) Copper wires have a lower resistance,
1A
and are inexpensive. 1A
(c) The equivalent resistance of the speaker decreases if they are connected in parallel. 1A
Therefore, the cables have a larger share of voltage, 1A
and the voltage across the speakers decreases.

Q28(HKCEE 2010 Paper 1 Q9)
29 (HKDSE 2014 Paper 1B Q8)




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4 Electricity and Magnetism Chapter 3 Domestic Electricity

New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition) 1

2 New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition)

= 1.5 + 0.1 + 0.2 + 0.7 + 0.5 = 3 kW h

Practice 3.2 (p.148)

4 New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition)

(b) Any one of the following:

Multiple-choice questions (p.151)

New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition) 5

Energy used = 3 × 0.06 kW × 5 h = 0.9 kW h

6 New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition)

New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition) 7

14 (HKCEE 2009 Paper 2 Q20) B

Conventional questions (p.153)

8 New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition)

= 9.09 + 4.55 + 0.682

(c) Wire X has a large changing potential.

New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition) 9

(Correct positions of fuse and switch)

10 New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition)

The equivalent resistance of all the bulbs decreases. 1A

New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition) 11

12 New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition)

Physics in article (p.157)

New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition) 13

Q28(HKCEE 2010 Paper 1 Q9)

29 (HKDSE 2014 Paper 1B Q8)

14 New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition)

New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition) 15

16 New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition)

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