5.2.

5 Method of Construction
Dump stability and the development of conditions which could lead to failure are also related
to how the dump is constructed (Singhal, 1988; Golder Associates, 1987; Claridge et aI, 1986;
Gold, 1986; Campbell, 1981). Dumps are usually constructed in a series of lifts or platforms
in either a descending or ascending sequence. Upslope (ascending) construction is
advantageous, as the toe of each lift is supported on the preceding lift. The method of
construction selected is based on a combination of factors including: minimizing haulage
distance, accessibility, available capacity and dump stability (which is usually critical during
and shortly after construction). Stability can be enhanced by the judicious use of wrap-
arounds, terracing, restricting lift heights to limit shear stresses on the foundations and the
length of potential runout, dumping generally in the direction of valley contours, rather than
downslope, and other techniques. Construction methods and techniques for improving dump
stability are described in Section 7.3.