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Experiential Learning Presentation

DESIGN AND DRAWING OF RCC STRUCTURES

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF ECCENTRIC ISOLATED RC FOOTINGS

Submitted to :- Submitted by :-
Dr. K PRAVEEN KUMAR NIKHIL SINGH
(1RV20CV068)
 INTRODUCTION
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1).The eccentric footing is a spread or wall footing that must resist a moment in addition to the
axial column load, and it has the shape of the shoe.

2).The eccentric footing is designed in such a way that the C.G (Centre of gravity) of the
superimposed load coincides with the C.G of the base area so, resulting in uniform bearing
pressure. This footing is subjected to concentric loading.

3).Eccentric footing consists of two isolated footings connected with a structural strap, and a one-
unit strap connects the foundation. The belt behaves like a connecting beam.

4) When the allowable soil pressure is relatively high, and the distance between the columns is
considerable, an eccentric footing is more economical than a combined footing.
 INTRODUCTION
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5).This footing has to be done in cases where neighborly construction exists, and it is not
possible to adopt spread footing . However, when the allowable soil pressure is relatively high
and the distance between the columns is significant, an eccentric foundation is more economical
than a combined footing.

6). The presence of eccentricity, while performing the analysis and design of such
footings, as an increase in eccentricity beyond certain limit renders a considerable
area of footing ineffective to resist the stresses due to development of tension.
Under these circumstances, the conventional flexural equation becomes
inapplicable, thereby imparting more complexity in the analysis.
 RV College of
Engineering DESIGN AND ANALYSIS BY USING IS 456-2000 Go, Change the World

1).The foundation structure is designated as substructure as it is placed below the

ground level and the superstructure is placed on the top of it.

2). The elements of the superstructure transfer the loads and moments to its
adjacent element below it and finally all loads and moments come to the foundation
structure, which in turn, transfers them to the underlying soil or rock strata.

3).The foundation structure effectively supports the superstructure. However, all

types of soil get compressed significantly and cause the structure to settle.
Accordingly, the major requirements of the design of foundation structures are the
two as given below (Clause 34.1 of IS 456 – 2000):
 RV College of
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DESIGN AND ANALYSIS BY USING IS 456-2000 Go, Change the World

(i).Foundation structures should be able to sustain the applied loads, moments,

forces and induced reactions without exceeding the safe bearing capacity of the soil.

(ii). The settlement of the structure should be as uniform as possible and it should
be within the tolerable limits.

It is well known from the structural analysis that differential settlement of supports
causes additional moments in statically indeterminate structures. Therefore,
avoiding the differential settlement is considered as more important than
maintaining uniform overall settlement of the structure.
 ECCENTRICITY
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.
 Need For Eccentric Column Footing
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Most of the time an attempt is made to provide concentric column

footing where there is an alignment in the Centre of gravity (CG) of
the column and the Centre of gravity (CG) of the footing, but this
requires a great deal of space which is possible in the columns that
are in the interior columns and exterior columns only if there is the
provision of extra space for footing projection. In the cases where
the exterior columns lay on the boundary walls and there is
restriction of space for footing width, in such cases eccentric column
footing is provided.
 RV College of
Engineering METHODOLOGY Go, Change the World

Methodology has been adopted for the thesis work: –

1).Study of various conditions which a footing has to satisfy while held in static
equilibrium.

2). Identification of various cases of Uniaxial and Biaxial bending for analysis.

3). Identification of various Load & Safe Bearing Capacity Cases.

4). Use of Trial and Error solutions.

5). Use of charts and tables as prevalent in literature.

 METHODOLOGY
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6. Development of Flowchart for determining preliminary size of footing subjected

to vertical loads and moments.

7. Development of M. S. Excel Program for Design of footing.

8. Designing and detailing for each case.

9. Generation of Finite Element Method Model.

10. Carrying out F.E.M. Analysis.

11. Parametric study for different column positions, different Safe Bearing
Pressures and varying eccentricity.

12. Study of effect of eccentricity on area of footing, concrete quantity, steel

quantity, cost of concrete, cost of steel and percentage increase in overall cost.
 RV College of

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS USING STADD PRO

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• The design of slab, beam, column and rectangular footing are done in limit state
method which is safe at control of deflection and in all aspect.

• Using staad pro software, the design consideration has been taken as per the is
codes. The design is safe in all consideration on comparision with manual design
and the geometrical model using staad pro the area of ast required for the beam,
column footing and slab are comparatively similar to that of the requirement.

• Therefore, the design and analysis of the FOOTINGS can be done by the STAAD pro
software’s STAAD Pro helps structural engineers automate their tasks by removing the
tedious and long procedures of the manual methods. Here is the complete learning of
STAAD Pro Software.

• Learn modelling of the structure.

• Learn apply correct boundary condition to the structure.

 PROPOSED METHODOLOGY
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1.Estimate footing thickness (h) which should meet shear requirement and provide
minimum effective depth of 150mm.
2.Compute weight of fill and weigh of footing.
3.Calculate effective bearing capacity, qe.
4.Estimate required area, Area
5.Calculate design pressure (qu) on the base of footing (Area) due to factored
loads.
6.Compute shear force and design shear strength of concrete to check shear
requirements.
7.Calculate maximum moment and then reinforcement area.
8.Compute minimum reinforcement and maximum spacing.
9.Estimate main and distributed bars spacing.
10.Draw design draft.
 RV College of
Engineering
IMPORTANT POINTS Go, Change the World

1.To handle the moment and for the floor to act as a double cantilever footing, strange footing requires
a strap beam, and if the strap beam is not provided, then due to the eccentricity of the column, the
footing cannot handle the moment.

2.Eccentric footing requires more depth and heavy steel, and this type of footing is also known as shoe
footing. The eccentric foundation is mainly used when space is very little.

3.The eccentric footing is primarily used for the property line and avoids tilting the floor in a multi-
story building. It needs to connect with another footing, such as a strap beam or combined foundation.

4.It is better to plant a column at the edge of the foundation for a multi-story building.

5.Always provide a strap beam in footing equal to the length of the foundation.
 EXPECTED OUTCOME
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The presence of eccentricity needs a careful consideration while

designing the foundation of any structure. The presence of small
eccentricity not only results in development of enormous compressive
stress at one end which are much more than the safe bearing capacity
of soil, but it also develops tensile stresses in the footing which
ultimately renders a part of the footing area ineffective due to
reduction in effective length and width of footing, thereby further
aggravating the maximum soil pressure. This results in failure of the
soil under the footing, tilting and failure of footings and ultimately
failure of structure. Also the placement of column plays an important
role in economy. Placing the column at Centre of footing is more
economical as the increase in cost is around 13.78% to 15.31 % in case
of e L/6 over and above when column is placed at ‘e’ away from the
Centre of footing.
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