PRESENTED TO

AR.SUSHMA BAJRACHARYA

PRESENTED BY
LAXMI TWANABASU (740116)
MANDIRA K.C (740119 )
PRIYANKA CHAUDHARY (740127)
RISHNA THAPA (740130)
SANGITA ADHIKARI ( 740138)
 INTRODUCTION
• Hugo Alvar Henrik Aalto was born in Kuortane, Finland in Feb
4, 1898
• He was the most famous Finnish architect, city planner, and
furniture designer.
• His international reputation rests on a distinctive blend of
modernist refinement, indigenous materials, and personal
expression in form and detail.
• In 1921 Alvar Aalto got the Diploma of Architecture at the
Helsinki Institute of Technology.
• Changes in style from Nordic Classicism to purist International
Style Modernism to a more personal, synthetic and
idiosyncratic Modernism.
• He died May 11, 1976, Helsinki, Fin.
PHILOSOPHY
•His Design Philosophy Was Influenced By Nature
And Organic Material.
•He Designed Vases With Curvilinear Bases And EARLY CAREER – EARLY CAREER –
CLASSICISM FUNCTIONALISM
Straight Sides For Savoy Restaurant- turku.
•With His Innovative Designs And Nature Forms,
he Changed The Course Of Design Towards
Organic Modernism.
•The Beauty Of His Work Is Hidden In His
Design Approach Of Functionalism But With
Strong Connection
•He Coordinated These Three Components And MATURE CAREER – MID CAREER-
Created A Synthesis Of Life In Materialized Form. MONUMENTALISM EXPERIMENTATION
•He Designed In Very Different Scales-ranging From
Buildings, town Plans,furniture,glassware,jewellery
And Other Forms Of Art.
EARLY WORK
•Alvar alto was born in kuortane, finland.

• In 1916 he enrolled to study architecture at the helsinki university of technology,graduating in

1921.
• In 1923 he returnd to jyvaskylia,where he opened his first architectural office.

• Jyvaskyla would become a notable city for his architecture, with more building designed by him
in any other city.
• He used wood instead of metal for his furniture.

• Started to produce innovative plywood chairs in 1930s.

•Built painio sanatorium in 1930s.

• Founded artel,a furniture design company in 1935 with his wife and colleages.

•His ideas had strong influence on designers

WORKER CLUB
Architect Alvar Aalto
Location Jyvaskyla, Finland
Date 1924 timeline
Building Type mixed use club with theater
Construction S
stucco exterior
ystem
Climate cold
Context small city
Style Neoclassical presaging Early Modern
Notes Box of theater nicely supported by colonnade base
 ABOUT WORKER CLUB
• This is a typical example of Alvar Aalto's early work in his
home town in which he first practiced: a working-men's
club
• built in 1925.
• The accommodation inside - a meeting-room above and
a restaurant below - is clearly expressed on the exterior
• the sharply punctuated wall-surfaces echo some
international fashions of the 1920s.
• These reveal an urge towards modernism which the
superficial neoclassical treatment goes some way to
disguise.
WORKERS CLUB (1924)
Architectural Syle: Nordic Classical

Features:
• Discontinuous Glazing On All Four Sides At
Entrance Level.
• This Building Houses A Restaurant And A Coffee
Bar FRONT FACADE DORIC COLUMNS
Which Supports The Auditorium Above.
• He Employs Various Classical Devices:
1. Circular Atrium
2. Doric Columns
3. Palladian Window
4. Cartouches To Decorate
The Stuccoes Wall
STAR SHAPED LAMPS VIEW OF INSIDE PALLADIAN WINDOW
WORKERS CLUB (1924)

A A
B

• It Entered An Impressive Entrance Hall

That Led Upstairs To The Auditorium
Floor Comprising Theatre Space And
Foyer
GROUND FLOOR PLAN • Basement- Kitchen ,Storage And
Washing And Toilets Facilities
• Architect Himself Design Lamp , Wall
Paintings As Well As Lamp
WORKERS CLUB (1924)
A

D.

A’

SECOND FLOOR PLAN

PERFORMING
’
SECTION AA

STAGE
WORKERS CLUB (1924)

LONGER SIDE OF FAÇADE SHORTER SIDE OF FAÇADE

• IMPLIED SYMMETRY ON THE LONGER ELEVATION BUT ITS SYMMETRICAL ON THE

SHORTER SIDES.
• THE ELEMENTS OF THE BUILDING ARE EITHER SQUARES
OR MULTIPLE OF SQUARES.
• THE PALLADIAN WINDOW IS SYMMETRICALLY PLACED RELATIVE TO THE AUDITORIUM.
• VERNACULAR TIMBER DETAILING FOR THE STAIRS
PAIMIO SANATORIUM (1929-33)
• Architectural style : Functionalism
• Paimio sanatorium is a former tuberculosis sanatorium in
Paimio.
• The building was completed in 1933.
• Today it is part of the Turku university hospital.
• The sanatorium was nominated to become a UNESCO world
heritage site.
• Aalto’s starting point for the design of the sanatorium was to
make the building itself a contributor to the healing process.
• He liked to call the building a “medical instrument.”
PRINCIPLES AND PHILOSOPHIES
• No sharp edges, unnecessary ornaments, or shelves that gather
dust were used in the interior.
• Though the building represents the ‘modernist it followed many of
the tenets of Le Corbusier’s pioneering ideas for modernist
architecture.
• (e.g., ribbon windows, roof terraces, machine aesthetic)
• it also carried the seeds of Aalto’s later move towards a more
synthetic approach.
• For instance, the main entrance is marked by a nebulous-shaped
canopy, unlike anything being designed by the older generation of
modernist architects.
ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES
• Uses RCC frame with infill being an
insulating brick cavity wall which is
then rendered an painted white.

• Sun trapped balconies are cantilevered

from the tapering RCC frame.

• Exposed lift shaft on the external wall.

• Free form cantilevered canopy.

ORIENTATION
• south of the balconies and the roof top sundeck was
determined by the dedication to the supposed “healing”
power of the sun.
• West: doctors houses;
• north : staff flats.
• Plan was meant to be functionally zoned and
biodynamical aligned to the compass so that the
direction of each wing was defined according to its
requirements for sunshine and view.

SITE PLAN

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

ORIENTATION

Left; the hospital’s B-wing and dining

room, center; the main entrance and
lobby, right; the A-wing patient rooms.

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

 mountedcupboardandbasin.

• This color plan clearly shows the

shades used in the A-wing (at the
bottom) patient room ceilings.
• The two orange dots present the
lamps in the yard. • Aalto believed that bright colors made people feel better
• The B-wing colors are no longer and be more active.
the original ones So interior treated with Bright yellow walls and floor.
ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES
• A continuous sundeck that runs over the patient
wing is protected with RCC canopy to reduce solar
gain.
• Dining room was an enclosed mezzanine
suspended from steel hangers form above

• It had a lot of natural

light due to double-
height windows, the sun
blinds outside

• Main staircase has

preventedglare
natural light which is
further enhanced by
the yellow color of the
stairs
ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES

Designed lamps that Each patient

were placed out of the had their own
patients line of vision. wall mounted
cupboard and
basin.
Door handles designed to
prevent coat sleeves from being
caught in them.
BAKERS HOUSE (1947-48)

• Architectural Style : modernist Housing

• Baker House Is A Dormitory For The

Massachusetts Institute Of
Technology, designed In 1946.
• Aalto Was Assisted By Three Finish Architects –Veil
Panatela With
His Wife Kaija And Olav Hammarstrom ,In
Addition To Aino.
• It Was Named Baker House In 1950 After Everett
Moore Baker ,
MIT’s Dean Of Students, Who Was Killed In
Plane Crash ThatYear.
BAKER HOUSE (1947-48)

•The site is located on a heavily-trafficked street along

the Charles river.
• In order to avoid as much as possible the disturbing
view out onto this street, a curving plan form was
chosen.
•By this means, no room was oriented at right angles
to the street and its traffic.
• It is well known how much more tranquil it is to look,
•for example, from a diagonal line of sight out of the
windows of a moving train at the passing landscape.
BAKER HOUSE
(1947-48)
ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES
▪ SERPENTINE SHAPE: The s-curve plan of the building increases the surface area of the
south (Charles river)- facing side of the dorm.
• Because of this shape, approximately 90% of the rooms have a river and skyline view.
▪ BRICKS: The walls and facade of baker are red brick.
• "Moon garden": the "moon garden" refers to the roof of the two-story dining hall, which is
punctuated by cylindrical skylights.
▪ FIREPLACE: The large fireplace is the centerpiece of the first floor gathering area.
▪ ROOFDECK: A great place to view the boston skyline, watch the july 4th fireworks, and drop
a piano from.
• West lounges: the largest and liveliest lounges on each floor are on the west side of the
dorm, near to most of the doubles, triples, and quads.

PLAN ISOMETRIC VIEW

ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES

• The stairway system is housed in a paneled structure

rising up the north side of the building.
• This allows an unobstructed view along its entire length
from the lowest landing."
• The free form of rooms were built with ‘rustic’ bricks-
indeed.
• The dark red reject bricks that were rough textured and
included clinkers-but clad the orthogonal main common
room in limestone.
ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES

INTERIOR SPACES
GLASSWARE
• Aalto vase (Savoy)

• “With its asymmetric shape and freely curving

tapering walls it represents the quintessential
qualities of Finnish design: originality, organic
form, straightforwardness, aesthetic
sophistication” - www.aalto.com
• Resembles natural lakes, cut by trees
• Still produced by Iittala Glassworks
CONCLUSION
• For Aalto, rationalism and humanism intermeshed so much that the concepts were practically
coterminous ( having same boundaries or extent in space, time and meaning )
• Aalto’s rationalism better describes the cognitive realities of human experience than did the
multifarious rationalisms advanced by his contemporaneous Modernist colleagues.
• Aalto’s conception of rationalism and place it within these longstanding intellectual traditions.
Only then can the alternative notion of rationalism, which is called embodied rationalism.
REFRENCES
• https://archeyes.com/paimio-sanatorium-alvar-aalto/?fbclid=IwAR2_pmte8oT15Y74GZQSP3WL4td-
6Oj1o08qeZxImyV3CKK07Usalpcm86M
• https://www.finnishdesignshop.com/design-stories/architecture/alvar-aalto-and-the-colors-of-the-paimio-
sanatorium?fbclid=IwAR2yo7ovfofeXskzjd60EOQ53sOy1za1H3wmDByZbNV4sSknCy5Mp6iIDbA
• https://www.slideshare.net/aashnaarora50/architect-alvar-alto-and-his-works?fbclid=IwAR1YzH7fvZV-
UkcUbFbvMt77xwyFZy-l2rfj7LS5N_WmQllGIHiZA3bgc2c
• About Baker House | Baker House (mit.edu)
• MIT Baker House Dormitory | Boston History (explorebostonhistory.org)
• Worker's Club - Alvar Aalto - Great Buildings Architecture
THANK YOU !!!!