The Masters of Modern

Architecture
 Do not teach design,
teach principles

• American Architect (Worked under Louis Sullivan 1888-93)

• Influenced by the British Arts and Crafts Movement
• Use of natural materials like bricks, stone and wood use of textured concrete
• Strong eastern influence (designs that blend well in its environment)

#Organic Architecture #Prairie Style

Robie house; Illinois -1909
Imperial Hotel; Tokyo- 1923
Falling Waters; Pennsylvania- 1935
Taliesin West; Scottsdale- 1937
 Walter Adolph Georg Gropius
(1883-1969)
• German Architect (founder of Bauhaus school)
• Simple geometry, often rectangular, Use of
modern materials like steel and glass
• Smooth surfaces, Primary colours, Linear and
horizontal elements

• Fagus factory; Alfeld- 1925

• Bauhaus; Dessau- 1926
• Gropius House; Massachusetts- 1937
• Harvard Graduate Center; Massachusetts- 1948
Architecture begins where engineering ends
• John F. Kennedy Federal Building; Boston- 1963

#Industrial Architecture #Bauhaus Style

Fagus factory; Alfeld- 1925
Bauhaus; Dessau- 1926
Harvard Graduate Center; Massachusetts- 1948
• German architect; No formal training in architecture
Worked under Peter Behrens Succeeded Gropius as
Bauhaus Director
• Simple rectangular forms, flexible plans and multi-
functional spaces
• Steel and glass construction ; Exposed and very
refined structural details
Less is more

#Bauhaus #Minimalistic
Farnsworth House; Illinois - 1951
S.R. Crown hall; Chicago - 1956
Seagram Building; NY -1958
 Louis Henry Sullivan
(1856-1924)
• American architect; Considered “The Father of
Skyscrapers”
• MIT drop-out; founded the Chicago school of
architecture with Dankmar Adler.
• Explored new construction technology mainly by using
steel-frames with masonry cladding (usually terra cotta),
allowing large plate-glass window areas and limiting the
amount of exterior ornamentation.
• Sometimes used Neo-classical elements of architecture
with more details for ornamentations.
• Auditorium Building (1886) Chicago
• Wainwright Building (1890) Missouri
• Guaranty Building (1894) New York
• National Farmers' Bank (1906) Minnesota
• Merchant's National Bank (1913) Iowa

Form follows function

#Chicago school #Skyscraper designs

Auditorium Building (1886) Chicago
Auditorium Building (1886) Chicago
Wainwright Building (1891) Missouri
 Charles-Édouard Jeanneret

House is a machine for

living in

• Swiss architect, urban planner, Painter, Writer

Designer, Theorist.
• 5 Points of New ARCHITECTURE:
i. the pilotis elevating the mass off the ground
ii. the free plan, achieved through the separation of
the load-bearing columns from the walls
subdividing the space
iii. the free facade, the corollary of the free plan in the
vertical plane
iv. the long horizontal sliding window and finally
v. the roof garden, restoring, supposedly, the area of
ground covered by the house #Machine architecture #Brutalism
Ville Radieuse-1930
Villa; Savoye; Poissy -1931
Unite d'habitation; Marseille -1952