UNIT-1

ECLECTISIM
Sub Topic: UNITED STATES & KEY
ARCHITECTS AND DESIGNERS

LOVELY SCHOOL OF MEHAK VIJ

ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN Term-18191
 LEARNING OUTCOME

To appreciate eclectic style development in

United States & there Key Architects And
Designers
Introduction-
•In the united states, as elsewhere, styles formed a stocked of treatments
from which the designer could choose whatever seemed appropriate from
each project.

• House might be colonial, Norman (styles of Romanesque architecture),

French-Renaissance, Tudor half-timber, Gothic, Spanish-mission or even
strange combinations of styles.

• The only firm rule came to be that originality was forbidden; only imitation
of the past was tolerable.

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Key architects and Designers

•HUNT

•• Richard Morris Hunt(1827-1895) studied at the Ecole

• His typically eclectic viewpoint made it possible for him to work in whatever style
suited a particular projects or the taste of particular client.

• He adapted the design of early French Renaissance for Loire Valley to a corner city
lot.

• Hunt’s Marble house, in Newport, Rhode Island, the mansion of 1885- 1892 for
the William, has interiors that match to the places of French Royalty

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 Richard Morris hunt, Dinning room, the Breakers, Newport, Rhode
island, c.1895

Hunt brought back from France to

America his devotion to classicism of
his Beaux-Arts training.

• In this building he reproduced his

own version of Italian Renaissance
design, and the interiors matched
the lavish scale and detail of external
architecture

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 The Breakers,Newport

Classical Renaissance style with rooms

symmetrically arranged around a two-
story central court designed to be used as
a ballroom.

• The walls are ornamented with

CORINTHIAN pilasters and the entrance
portico users four freestanding Corinthian
columns.

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Richard Morris hunt, Biltmore, north Carolina,
1890-1895
• In this building, sometimes described
as French Gothic, Hunt attempted to
reproduced French style on grand
scale.

• Some of the interiors, like the

banqueting hall, go beyond anything
actually built in Renaissance France in
order to satisfy the desires of the
client.

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McKim, Mead, &White
• Charles Follen McKim (1847-1909), member of the architectural board
for Chicago 1893, was studied from the Paris Ecole Des Beaux-Arts.

• • McKim established his own practice in 1872, then joined in a

partnership with William Mead (1846-1928) in 1877 and Stanford white
to form the successful and influential firm of McKim, Mead &White.

• • Early work of the firm, they prefer to the picturesque idiom of the
Victorian Shingle style, but the originality of such work gave way to
eclectic historism as larger commissions offered opportunities for
classically based monumentality.

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 McKim, Mead, &White

 McKim was a specialist in carefully “correct” adaptations of Italian Renaissance and

Roman classical. *White was brilliant and imaginative designer inclined to a freer
use of historic precedents while * Mead provided organizational back up for the
design partners and deal with matters of construction.

 • In the group of six New York town house of Hennery Villard (1882-1885), the firm
established its mastery of Eclectic practice with Italian Renaissance housing richly
decorative interiors.

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The Boston Public Library

1.The Boston Public Library (1887-1893)

established the primacy of McKim, Mead &
White in the design of America Public buildings.

2.• It recalls the St.Genevieve in Paris with its

line of upper-story arched windows above a
simple base; but internally a grand stair gives
access to the upper level where richly
decorated reading room stretches across the
Square front.

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McKim,Mead, & White The Boston Public Library
The detail is drawn from Italian Renaissance

• Painted wooden beams overhead,

• A massive fireplace and mantel,

• Corinthian Columned

• doorways in marble,

• A band of mural painting above.

• Any citizen of Boston could enjoy the glories of a

Beaux-Arts inspired interior while waiting for a book.

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Pennsylvanian Railroad New York (1904 -1910)

• The growth of railroad in the early 20th century

inspired the building of monumental terminals.

• This grand concourse (a large open

area inside or in frontof a public building),
modeled on the ancient Roman style.

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• Stanford White is usually credited with the more delicate and decorative
character of the other works of the firm,

• After White’s death, the firm continued to prosper. Its many commissions for
monumental buildings and groups of buildings included the college Campus for
Columbia University in New York, with its central domed Low Memorial
Library(begun 1897).

• The firm remained in practice for many years after original partners were no
longer involved, producing many major buildings, usually monumental.

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