ORAL HISTOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY EXAMINATION 1 ; May 31, 2001 On the left side of the answer sheet, write your Name (last name first, first name second with a space between the two) and fill in the appropriate boxes underneath where you have written the above information, Write your social security number in the area labeled “ILD. Number" using the first 9 boxes (no dashes, please) and fill in the appropriate boxes below the numbers. Finally, in the section labeled "Test Form,” fill in whether you have the "A", "B", examination. C" or "D' i The following 75 questions are of the multiple choice variety. Select the choice which best | answers each question and record it on the answer card. When changing an answer, erase the | original answer as thoroughly as possible and then record the new answer on the answer sheet. i | EXAMINATION A 1, Allof the following are involved with some aspect of | gastrulation except the formation of the : | A. hypoblast layer | B. —_notochordal process | © tod | D. pemanest endoderm @ ow | 2. Select the pair of items that is correctly matched. | A. buccopharyngeal membrane : towards caudal end of embryo |B invagination : inward migration of hypoblast cells neuromeres : thoracic vertebrae & lateral plate somatic mesoderm : ventral body wall E. —_dermotome : axial skeleton 3. The stapes is derived from: the cartilage of the third branchial arch B. the cartilage ofthe fith branchial arch © Reichert’ cartilage D. EB laryngeal cartilages Meckel’s cartilage 4. ‘The masseter is derived from Branchial arch No. ne) s. ives rise to two separate migrate inferiorly. One organ pulls the other organ during the migration process. . 7 e: A child is born which presents the following symptoms: complete lack of innervation of the ‘muscles of mastication. A problem probably developed concerning the formation of the: ‘A. superior laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve & ‘glossopharyngeal nerve trigeminal nerve facial nerve E. recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve Parflicular ot ofthe tyre ere derived fom first branchial groove second branchial pouch middle ear cavity 3 c fifth branchial groove fifth branchial pouch ‘The common carotid artery develops from aortic arch No. A is B c. = &10. 2 13, 4 15, Branchial arch No. 2 will give rise to all of the following except: A. stylohyoid muscle B. _hyoid bone ©) tae perygode posterior belly ofthe digastric stylohoid ligament AA bifid tongue develops ifthe: tongue atrophies dentition does not form foramen cecum disappears thyroid gland does not form lateral lingual tubercles fail to fuse properly 3 @voe> ‘tongue musculature is innervated by cranial x vo v n@oreg & A 3 C.—_copula: forms posterior hid ofthe tongue foramen cecum “role information of the ‘thymus E. __thyroglossal cyst : remnant of thyroglossal duct en pine: rare eo ra ta apa @ SESE ea — a ‘The intermaxillary segment forms from the: ‘A. medial nasal and maxillary processes B. medial nasal and lateral nasal processes Sx) two maxillary processes ©.) Seteat aal ad snaliyprocenses two mandibular processes ‘The crest and tip of the nose is formed from the rocess(es), A. lateral nasal B>) medial nasal maxillary D. __frontonasal E, none of the above 16. 17. 20. 2 A child is born which appears to lack the philtrum. and primary palate. In all probability, this indicates a problem involving the ___process(es). A. lateral nasa mmanduir © medial asl olsctoy E. all of the above A child is born with a cleft of the posterior palate All of the following might explain the reason for this event occurring except: A. the mandible fils to lower the lateral palatine shelves don’t grow the maxillary and lateral nasal processes fail to fuse the palatine shelves fail to elevate fusion does not occur between the palatine shelves mo @ ‘The notochord directly induces the formation of the: ‘A. head mesenchyme : == 6 B= ) =. ‘Select the pair of items that is correctly matched. closure of neural fold : begins in the caudal region of the embryo anterior (cranial) neuropore: close after the posterior (caudal) neuropore neural erst: forms part of ganglia of cranial nerves I and IT ® induction : stimulation of development nw ‘cephalic part of the neural tube : forms spinal cord ‘The cerebellum forms from the: rmyelencephalon diencephalon ‘metencephalon telencephalon mesencephalon All of the following are formed completely or in part from the diencephalon except the: hypophysis epiphysis A. B. c. thalamus & aqueduct of Sylvius2B, 24, 26. 27 28, Meningocoele is a condition where: 29. there are small openings in the occipital bone B. there is only one brain ventricle C. the cranial vault is smaller than normal D. the sutures have closed prematurely E. __ the brain tissue has degenerated ‘Abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid caused by a blockage in the aqueduct of Sylvius occurs in: 30. A. microcephaly B. _polydactyly ) Roel (D) hydrocephalus SE’ none of the above ‘The lens placode is formed from the: pars opticae retinae diencephalon surface ectoderm ependymal canal telencephalon 31 atc placode forms the: coeafue® se ‘A, middle ear cavity we B) tympanic membrane Jacobs > coe © treats D. external auditory meatus EB extemalear The hair cells (inner and outer) of the Organ of Corti ‘move up and down against the to transmit sound waves. = vestibular membrane B) tector membrane scala media D. basilar membrane E, none of the above 32 ‘The ___ forms the body ofthe sphenoid. A. oie capsule B.) hypophyseal cartilages ala orbitalis D. basal plate XE. trabeculae cranii ‘Select the pair of items that is correctly matched. 33. @) example of cell migration : formation of intraembryonic mesoderm apoptosis : programmed cell mitosis ‘homotypic cell interactions: interactions between cells of different origins ‘bone morphogenic proteins : transcription factors homeobox genes : only found in humans oo ae All of the following are associated with homeobox ‘genes except: ‘A. nuclear proteins B. control organism's development can encode positional information all contain the homeobox domain which is a 25 base pair sequence E. _ inherited in a Mendelian fashion Select the incorrect statement, ‘A. Bone morphogenic proteins regulate bone and carilage development. B. Growth factors can act s signaling =, molecules in morphogenesis: C) Birds donot develop teeth because the epithelial cells lack Msx-l gees. D. Tooth agenesis studies of Vasari linked ‘missing teeth to a change of one amino aci to another amino acid. E. SNP chips can analyze DNA for specific information. Select the correet statement. oe ‘The cartilaginous part of the neurocranium forms the maxilla, AB Fontaneles are very narow connective tissue seams joining bones together inthe shall x Molding is a term used to indicate the junction of the maxilla with the mandible. B.—Thecranial vault intially small since the paranasal sinises are occupying too much fon @) Head mesenchyme is derived from paraxial ttesoderm The ethmoid bone is formed from the: A B c ® E ala orbitalis ‘hypophyseal cartilages arachordal cartilage ‘trabeculae cranii Periotic capsule the presence of extra toes ‘another name for “lobster claw” syndrome the complete absence of one or more limbs the presence of all bones in the upper limb, ‘but the bones are reduced in size the partial absence of one or more limbs35, 37. 38. 39. In the formation of the vertebral column, the (A..) forms the nucleus pulposus A: forms the precartilaginous vertebral bodies C. undergoes mitosis to form sclerotome blocks D. forms the sternum E, —_none of the above ‘Select the pair of items that is imeorrectly matched. apical ectoderm ridge : role in formation of limb smooth muscle : splanchnic mesoderm derivative skeletal muscle : paraxial mesoderm derivative external oblique muscle : derived from abdominal hypomere ‘epimere : intercostal muscles Re Ring of Waldeyer: plays a role in deglutition serves as a receptor for taste is made up of the lingual taste buds releases enzymes for carbohydrate digestion none of the above ays g@ ap @x ‘You are looking inside the oral cavity ofa patient. This patient presents an area of injury with fluid cozing out of the area. A potential diagnosis would be: A. development of a gingival linea alba B. epithelial hypertrophy C. development of Fordyce’s spots D. development of hair follicles (ED thearea of injury has not formed a solid clot ‘As a person ages, which ofthe following may occur in the oral cavi A. The epithelium becomes thicker B. __Therete pegs become much longer C. The number of filiform papillae increase tremendously ® ‘Vascular changes occur CCellularty in the tissues increase with a corresponding decrease in collagen content In an organ lined by a parakeratinized stratified ‘squamous epithelium,: AC allthe cells inthe stratum comeum are completely dead a stratum granulosum is absent the stratum basale i absent De avery prominent stratum Incidum is seen B: _ that portion ofthe oral cavity covered by this epithelium has the least amount of ‘mechanical protection 40. 4 42, 43. 44, 4s. ‘Select the pair of items that is correctly matched. ‘endogenous pigmentation : amalgam tattoo Burton's line: indication of overexposure to saliva Langerhans cells: secrete @ neurotransmitter substance tumover time : indication of mitotic divisi rate parakeratinization : a fully keratinized tissue Rete pegs: ‘A. are completely absent from the hard palate B. _areresponsible for nerve stimulation © play a role in better adhesion of the epithelium to the connective tissue D. _ate epithelial cells which do not rest on a basement membrane E. _ate projections of glands ‘Which part ofthe oral cavity would be best utilized for rapid absorption of medication in our bodies? © & B,) floor ofthe oral cavity buccal mucosa D. gingiva E softpalate Glands are present in all pats of the oral cavity except in the: dorsum of the tongue lips ‘buccal mucosa gingiva hard palate ‘Which of the following is a characteristic of the hard palate? ‘A, presence of skeletal muscle B. absence of glands absence of a submucosa CD) prac of adipose ame AE supporting wall of skeletal muscle ‘The ___ papillae are recessed into the tongue surfice, filiform circumvallate fungiform D. —foliate E. von Ebner’s46. 47. 48. 49, 50, s1. ‘Select the pair of items that is incorrectly matched, 52, tetracycline: staining of teeth vitamin C overexposure : enamel erosion xerostomia : decrease in saliva production caviar tongue : varicose veins hairy tongue : keratinization ofthe fangiform papillae Most of the saliva in the oral cavity is produced by 53. submandibular glands 'D. buccal glands ® * 534, Which ofthe following binds ion essential nutrients present in the saliva? AL mucin @) _hactoferrin ‘C—_immunoglobulins D. lysozyme lactoperoxidase ‘The submandibular gland and other salivary glands have secretory cells with special foot processes Which are modifications ofthe plasmalemma. What 55. are the functions ofthese modifications? BH eansportof id and electrolytes fom the plasma to the saliva B. decrease the surface area C. contribute to the formation of the connective tissue capsule D. introduce inflammatory cells into the epithelium E, play arole in taste reception 56. In contrast to the human adult parotid gland, the human adult sublingual gland: ‘A. has serous alveoli B. is surrounded by a well formed connective tisue capsule Chas many intercalated ducts D is amixed gland E. has abundant adipose cells 37 ‘The __controls the movement of fuid into and out ofthe ameloblasts, A. dental papilla B. dental sac © statu intermedi cervical loop E, stellate reticulum During the _ stage of development of the ameloblast, a reduced enamel epithelium protects the A. desmolytic B. organizing formative D. morphogenic ©) protective has the property of thixotrophy, ameloblast hhydroxapatite crytsals ‘Tomes’ enamel processes outer enamel epithelium amelogenin ect the correct statement concerning enamel. ‘Amelogenin is a higher molecular weight protein than enamelin. The first stage of mineralization involves the deposition of approximately 70% of the eventual total mineral in the tissue. Tetracycline causes a staining of the tissue, Very large amounts (excess) of fluoride are not harmful to the dentition. Hypoplasia involves a defect in mineralization > 9@) & ae @por> Select the pair of items that is incorrectly matched. BD crameiats: gh oro sys ol width of enamel 3B. denn: newy omni ines of one © Grama: wae D. enamel: semipemesl tte E_yorypte cystine ger thant cy ein Enamel rods: Aare always parallel to the long axis of a tooth BC are absent in the permanent molars have cell processes incorporated into the rod are equal in number in all teeth none of the above are correct ‘According to the “Keyhole Hypothesis”: J& three ameloblasts forms the tail of an enamel rod BC three ameloblasts form the head/body of an enamel rod —~ one ameloblast plays a role in the formation of the interrod substance PX twosameloblasts form the head/body of an Pel od © _ tone ote above econ58, $9. 02. 63. @ Select the incorrect statement. ‘The neonatal line is an exaggerated line of Kw Retzius. B-~ Enamel lamellae begin atthe fee surface of the enamel. 2. Hunter Schreger bands are protective in ~— nature. Enamel lamellae are hypermineralized, Hunter Schreger bands occur when bacteria attack the dentin, In contrast to an enamel spindle, an enamel tuft: ‘A. ishypomineralized B. extends throughout the thickness of the tissue <<) contains an odontoblast process D. begins at the DES E. occurs a a result of stress or tension x is fully calcified matrix Be is located between the dentin and the pulp 2, is always a very wide (thick) layer BY isa defect caused by improper ‘mineralization E. only forms in the root In contract to circumpulpal dentin, mantle dentin: A. ismore mineralized B. is secondary dentin c. has a much higher concentration of phosphophoryn D. is found onl inthe oot forms first ‘Which pair of items concerning dentin is incorreely matched? dentin sialoprotein : some role in ‘mineralization of dentin intracellular route in odontoblast: most @k* Sit oro ed none of the above Which of the following may be associated with a reduced migration of neural crest cells into the pharyngeal ach apparatus? DiGeorge syndrome CS) fetachomtone —_Materal cervical cyst D. oblique facial cleft C.—thyroglossal cyst ‘A finding of odontogenic or calcified tissues inthe derivatives of Rathke's pouch is an example of: ‘A. malformation B. disruption deformation © symiaie E none ofthe above ‘The developing organism is MOST vulnerable to the effects of tertogens during: A. pregerm layer stage BH differentiation and orgamogenesis Cc. ‘the period just prior to completion of gestation Dv. AmdB BE Bandc ‘Treacher-Collins syndrome (mandibulo-facial dysostosis) is inherited as: D ‘autosomal dominant ‘autosomal recessive C.sexclinked trait D. itis not inheritable