Name: Tordillos, Joey P. Jr.

Date: October 13, 2022

Section: CAS-10-301P Prof. Princess Tucio
Group: INVIDIVUAL

Activity 3, 4 & 5: Bias, Dark & Flat Correction

I. Activating IRAF and DS9
a. Open the terminal (Ctrl + alt + T)
b. Change directory to the working folder using the command “cd [folder name]”
c. Activate the IRAF by typing the command “conda activate iraf27”
d. Creating new directory using the command “mkiraf”. The terminal setting is set in
“xgterm”\
e. Open the Saolmage DS9 by using the command “ds9 &”
f. Login to IRAF by typing “cl” in the terminal

II. Bias correction

a. Choose a package that need to be use in raw image.
i. noao
ii. imred – short for image reduction
iii. ccdred – CCD reduction
b. rename all fit to fits using the command “rename *fit fits field=extn”

c. Create a bias list using the command “ls bias*fits > bias.list”
d. To show the list you create type the command “cat bias.list”

e. The next process is the zero combine, type the command “epar zerocomb” this the
process to combine and process zero of the raw image. Change the input
“@bias.list” and enter to apply the change. And leave blank the ccdtype, press
space bar and enter to make it blank. To leave the parameters SHIFT + ; + q.

f. After leaving the parameter, type the command “zerocomb @bias.list” then type
“ls” and you can see the “Zero.fits” in the list.
g. To display the fits file in SAOIMAGE use the command “display [FITS FILE
NAME]” and you will be asked what frame you want, you can put between 1 to 16.
It will display the Zero.fits in SAOIMAGE.
i. display Zero.fits 1

h. Next process is the “epar ccdproc” this process will process the CCD image, in
this process it will eliminate and correct the errors inside the images. To leave the
parameter press SHIFT + ; + q.
i. Once you leave the parameter you can type the command “ccdproc @bias.list”.
when the process is done, you can go ahead and type the command “imhead
@bias.list lo+” to show the list of head parameter of the image has been processed.
 J. Before and After (bias-001bias.fits and B_bias-001bias.fits)

Before After

III. Dark Correction

a. Creating a new list of dark fits using the command “ls dark*.fits > dark.list” and
type the “cat dark.list” to show the list.
b. Input the command “epar darkcomb” to change the paremeters of dark combine.

c. After changing the parameter of dark, type the command “darkcomb @dark.list”
then type “ls” to show the list of fits. And you can see “Dark.fits” in the list.

d. Displaying the Dark fits file

i. display Dark.fits 1
e. Next, processing the ccdproc of the Dark using the command “epar ccdproc”
i. Change the following;

➢ Image - @dark.list
➢ Output - D_//@dark.list
➢ Ccdtype – blank
➢ Zerocor – yes
➢ Darkcor – yes
➢ Zero – Zero.fits
➢ Dark – Dark.fits
f. After change the parameters type the command “ccdproc @dark.list” and to check
the corrected image type he command “imhead @dark.list lo+”
 g. Before and After (dark-001dark.fits and D_dark-001dark.fits)

Before After

IV. Flat Correction

a. Create a flat list using the command “flat*.fits > flat.list” and type “cat @flat.list” to
check the flat list files
b. Next process the flat combine parameter type the command “epar flatcomb”

c. Run command the “flatcomb @flat.list” and “ls” to see if there’s Flat.fits file name
in the list.
d. Displaying the Flat fits
i. display Flat.fits 1

e. Change the parameter of ccdproc of flat using the command “epar ccdproc”
f. After changing the parameter of flat ccdproc type the command “ccdproc
@flat.list” and “imhead @flat.list lo+” to check the corrected image.
 g. Before and After (flat-001R-fits and F_flat-001R.fits)

Before After

V. Bias, Dark & Flat combine

a. Now, create a list where the flat file will be applied, “ls m15*.fits > m15.list“
b. Utilize the ccdproc task include the flat fields to all images using the bias.fits,
Dark.fits and Zero.fits (epar ccdproc)

c. Utilize the command “ccdproc @m15.list” and use the command “imhead
@m15.list lo+” to check the correct image.
d. Display the raw and process image

Before (RAW) After (Processed)

❖ To logout
➢ Logout
➢ Bye
➢ Conda deactivate