STATISTICAL

HYPOTHESIS
TESTING
Our Lady of Fatima University
College of Medical Laboratory Science
Biostatistics and Epidemiology
Objectives
◦ To learn about how to perform statistical hypothesis testing.
◦ To learn the requirements or the
Normal Distribution
◦ Normal distribution is a probability
distribution that is symmetric about the
mean, that the data is centered
around the mean but a less frequent
occurrence of observations happen
outside the mean. In graphical form
this is represented as a bell shaped
curve that is symmetric and
mesokurtic.
The following characteristics shall me
met:
1. The mean should always be at the center of the curve.
2. It must be unimodal.
3. It must have a predictable standard deviation.
4. It must be symmetric
Skewness
Refers to the imbalance of
the distribution of data
relative to the mean. It
could make the bell-
shaped curve curve to the
right or to the left.
Kurtosis
◦ Kurtosis is the 4th moment in statistics. It measures the peakedness (+ leptokurtic) or the flatness (-
platykurtic) of the data set. Normally distributed data should be mesokurtic having a value of 3. A
leptokurtic curve is considered to have positive kurtosis and appears to have a higher peak and a longer
tail while a platykurtic curve is considered to have negative kurtosis and appears to have a low peak if
any, and shorter tails.
Why is the distribution of data
important?
◦ Distribution of data is important because it can help in determining what
statistical test is best to use with the given data set.
 STATISTICAL
HYPOTHESIS TESTING
Introduction
◦ One of the major functions of statistics in health and research is its use in statistical hypothesis testing. A
statistical hypothesis is an assumption about a population parameter which may or may not be true
(“Hypothesis Tests,” n.d.). Hypothesis testing then proves it true or not true. As mentioned in the
introduction, there could be two types of hypotheses – the null hypothesis (Ho) and the alternative
hypothesis (Ha). Their definition is simple, and they are just opposites of the other. The alternative
hypothesis is a type of hypothesis stated in the positive form while the null hypothesis negates it.
Choosing which of the two to use is entirely up to the institutional guidelines or the preference of the
researcher.
The two types of hypotheses
◦ Alternative Hypothesis - Ha
◦ Null hypothesis - Ho
Steps to follow in statistical hypothesis
testing:
1. Analyze the problem.
2. Formulate your null and alternative hypothesis
3. Determine the tails of the test.
4. Determine the test to be used.
5. Compute.
6. Conclude.
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