Ea Rizki Function of Slang Word

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
THE FUNCTIONS OF SLANG WORDS BY THE MAIN AND

MINOR CHARACTERS IN MAD ABOUT MILLIE VOL. 1 AND
DEADPOOL VS OLD MAN LOGAN COMIC BOOKS
AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra
in English Letters
By
ELSA AULIYA RIZKY
Student Number: 144214142
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS

FACULTY OF LETTERS
SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY
YOGYAKARTA
2018
THE FUNCTIONS OF SLANG WORDS BY THE MAIN AND

MINOR CHARACTERS IN MAD ABOUT MILLIE VOL. 1 AND
DEADPOOL VS OLD MAN LOGAN COMIC BOOKS
AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra
in English Letters
By
ELSA AULIYA RIZKY
Student Number: 144214142
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS

FACULTY OF LETTERS
SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY
YOGYAKARTA
2018
ii
vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to express my deep and earnest gratitude to my thesis advisor,
Arina Isti’anah, S.Pd., M.Hum, for always backing me up. She consistently
allowed me to finish my thesis as best I could. She is a mother to me. My biggest
gratitude also goes to my co-advisor, Dr. Fr. B. Alip., M.Pd., M.A. His advice and
time were really worth to make this thesis even better. I would also like to
acknowledge Harris Hermansyah Setiajid, M.Hum for his precious support and
encouragement during my study. I am also thankful to Mba Ninik for being so
friendly and helpful to help me deal and maintain the administration stuff.
This work would not have been possible without the support of my family,
my Papa, my beloved Madre, Dhyta Caturani, my very best friend and Ibu,
Hendriati Trianita, my endless love, Veronica Iswinahyu, my Bunda, Dian
Setyowati, Bapak Yando Zakaria, Uni Yetty, and also my little brothers and sister,
Elsy, Geri, Bugi, and Borgar. I pay my deep sense of gratitude to my duo best
friends, Intan Realista and Ika Septiyana, who stand strong for this together. My
gratefulness also goes to my long lost best friends, Davida, Gaby, Dian, Devina,
Intan, Cipuy, and Citta. I’m also highly indebted to my best sister, Alicia Sandra.
My thanks and appreciations also go to my chills squad.
Last but not least, I’m deeply indebted to my best support system for the
past 6 years and still counting, Handi Kamadjaja, S.Ars, who showers me with
lots of affections to make sure that I did my thesis as well I could.
Elsa Auliya R
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE ................................................................................................. ii

APPROVAL PAGE ....................................................................................... iii
ACCEPTANCE PAGE .................................................................................. iv
LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN
PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH....................................................................... v
STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY ............................................................. vi
MOTTO PAGE ............................................................................................. vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................... viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................... ix
LIST OF ABBREVIATION .......................................................................... xi
LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................... xii
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... xiii
ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................ xiv
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ................................................................. 1

A. Background of the Study ............................................................................ 1
B. Problem Formulation .................................................................................. 5
C. Objectives of the Study ............................................................................... 5
D. Definition of Terms ..................................................................................... 5
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE ............................................. 7

A.Review of Related Studies ........................................................................... 7
B. Review of Related Theories ........................................................................ 9
1. Socioilinguistics ...................................................................................... 9
2. Slang ........................................................................................................ 10
3. The Function of Slang ............................................................................. 11
4. Comic books ............................................................................................ 13
C. Theoretical Framework ............................................................................... 14
CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY ............................................................. 16

A. Object of the Study...................................................................................... 16
B. Approach of the Study ................................................................................. 17
C. Method of the Study .................................................................................... 18
1. Data Collection ........................................................................................ 18
2. Data Analysis .......................................................................................... 19
ix
CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS (RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS) ............... 21

A. The Contextual Meaning of Slang Words ................................................... 21
B. The Function of Slang Words ..................................................................... 44
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION ..................................................................... 54

REFERENCES ............................................................................................... 57
APPENDICES ................................................................................................ 59
Appendix 1 .................................................................................................. 59
Appendix 2 .................................................................................................. 62
x
LIST OF ABBREVIATION
LMD : Longman Dictionary
xi
LIST OF TABLES
No. Table Page
1. Table 1. The Summary of Slang Words in 22

Mad about Millie Vol.1 and Deadpool vs
Old Man Logan Comic Books
2. Table 2. Contextual Meaning of Mad about 26
Millie Vol. 1 comic book
3. Table 3. Contextual Meaning of Deadpool 36
vs Old Man Logan Comic Book
xii
ABSTRACT
RIZKY, ELSA AULIYA. The Function of Slang Words in Mad about Millie
Vol. 1 and Deadpool vs Old Man Logan Comic Books. Yogyakarta: English
Letters Department, Faculty of Letters, Universitas Sanata Dharma, 2018.
Language is the foundation of the society that allows people to express

their feelings and as a system of communication among individuals. In a society,
there are some various languages, such as standard language and restricted
language used by every community. One of the various languages used in a
society is slang. Slang is widely known as an informal style of speech used by the
participants in some communities. Slang is also often used in some writings, such
as comic book. In this study, the researcher analyzes the contextual meaning and
the function of slang words found in two different genre comic books. The first
comic book is a humor genre comic book entitled Mad about Millie Vol. 1 and the
second comic book is a superhero genre comic book entitled Deadpool vs Old
Man Logan comic books.
There are two problems formulated in this study. The first problem focused
on the contextual meaning of the slang words that is presented through the
characters’ utterances in the Mad about Millie Vol. 1 and Deadpool vs Old Man
Logan comic books. The second problem concerns on the functions of the slang
words presented from the characters’ utterances in the Mad about Millie Vol. 1 and
Deadpool vs Old Man Logan comic books.
This study applied purposive sampling method to collect the data. There
are 16 slang words that taken from Mad about Millie Vol. 1 and Deadpool vs Old
Man Logan comic books as the data of the study. In discussing the contextual
meaning and the function of the slang words in the two comic books, this study
employed sociolinguistic approach.
As a final point, this study has found two findings. The first finding is the
slang words in Mad about Millie Vol. 1 and Deadpool vs Old Man Logan comic
book have different contextual meanings determined by the social factors which
are topic and participant or social relation. The second finding is, there are two
functions found in the Mad about Millie Vol. 1 and Deadpool vs Old Man Logan
comic book, those two functions are to achieving politeness and emotive feeling.
In the Mad about Millie Vol. 1 comic book, there are five slang words that have a
function to achieving politeness and there are four slang words that have emotive
feeling has a function. On the other hand, in the Deadpool vs Old Man Logan,
there are two slang words that have function to achieving politeness and there are
four slang words that have a function as emotive feeling.
xiii
ABSTRAK
RIZKY, ELSA AULIYA. THE FUNCTIONS OF SLANG WORDS BY THE

MAIN AND MINOR CHARACTERS IN MAD ABOUT MILLIE VOL. 1
AND DEADPOOL VS OLD MAN LOGAN COMIC BOOKS. Yogyakarta:
Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Sanata Dharma, 2018.
Bahasa adalah fondasi di dalam satu lingkungan yang membantu

seseorang dalam mengekspresikan perasaan mereka dan sebagai sistem
komunikasi antar individu. Dalam masyarakat, ada beberapa bahasa yang
digunakan oleh setiap komunitas, seperti bahasa standar dan bahasa yang terbatas.
Salah satu dari berbagai bahasa yang digunakan dalam masyarakat adalah bahasa
gaul atau slang. Slang secara luas dikenal sebagai gaya bicara informal yang
digunakan oleh seseorang di beberapa komunitas. Slang juga sering digunakan di
dalam beberapa tulisan, salah satunya adalah komik. Dalam studi ini, peneliti
menganalisis makna kontekstual dan fungsi dari setiap kata slang yang ditemukan
dalam dua komik dengan genre yang berbeda. Komik pertama adalah komik
dengan genre humor, berjudul Mad about Millie Vol. 1 dan komik kedua adalah
komik dengan genre pahlawan super, berjudul Deadpool vs Old Man Logan.
Terdapat dua rumusan masalah yang dirumuskan dalam studi ini. Masalah
pertama berfokus pada makna kontekstual dari setiap kata slang yang dianalisis
melalui kata-kata yang diucapkan setiap karakter di komik Mad about Millie Vol.
1 dan Deadpool vs Old Man Logan. Masalah yang kedua berkaitan dengan fungsi
dari setiap kata slang yang terdapat dari percakapan setiap karakter di komik Mad
about Millie Vol. 1 dan Deadpool vs Old Man Logan.
Studi ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling dalam pengumpulan
data. Ada 16 kata slang yang diambil dari komik Mad about Millie Vol. 1 dan
Deadpool vs Old Man Logan sebagai data penelitian. Dalam membahas makna
kontekstual dan fungsi dari setiap kata slang dalam kedua komik, studi ini
menggunakan pendekatan sosiolinguistik.
Sebagai hasil akhir, studi ini telah menemukan jawaban dari dua rumusan
masalah. Temuan pertama adalah kata-kata slang di komik Mad about Millie Vol.
1 dan Deadpool vs Old Man Logan memiliki makna kontekstual yang berbeda
yang ditentukan oleh faktor-faktor sosial, yaitu topik dan peserta atau hubungan
sosial. Temuan kedua adalah, ada dua fungsi dari setiap kata slang yang
ditemukan di komik Mad about Millie Vol. 1 dan Deadpool vs Old Man Logan,
dua fungsi tersebut adalah, membangun kesopanan dan perasaan emotif dari
setiap individu yang menggunakan kata slang tersebut. Di komik Mad about
Millie Vol. 1, terdapat lima kata slang yang memiliki fungsi dalam membangun
kesopanan dan ada empat kata slang yang memiliki perasaan emotif sebagai
fungsi. Di sisi lain, di komik Deadpool vs Old Man Logan, ada dua kata slang
yang berfungsi membangun kesopanan dan ada empat kata slang yang berfungsi
sebagai perasaan emotif.
xiv
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
In everyday life, language becomes so important since it is needed to build
a communication system among each other in this world and to establish and
maintain social relationship. Therefore, language becomes one of the most
powerful emblems of social behaviour (Wolfram, 2012, para.1). According to the
quotation above, it can be concluded that language has the most important role in
social behaviour as a function of sytem communication among individuals. For
instance, it is seen when a society uses language in order to tell message about
their identity, such as giving information about their name, family, where they
come from, etc.
Therefore, as what Wolfram states, from language, people are able to
guess or judge a person’s background, character, and intentions easily based on
how they send messages or give the information through their languages, dialects,
and their choices of words (Wolfram, 2012, para.1). In addition, according to
Holmes (2013), our language provides clues to people about who we are, where
we come from, and social experience we have had. Thus, when people want to
show a certain impression on someone else, the chosen language that will be used
becomes the most important, this because language is going to give some clues
about the speakers (Holmes, 2013, p. 4).
1
In the study of language, it can be seen that there are some various
languages in society. Society could be the one who made those various languages
understood by the society members only. The relationship between language and
society can be observed through sociolinguistics. Trudgill (2000) examines that
there are two aspects of language behaviour which are very important from a
social point of view. The first aspect is the function of language in establishing
social relationship, and the second aspect is the role played by language in
conveying information about the speaker. It is clear that both aspects of linguistic
behaviour are reflections of the inter-relationship between language and society.
The role of language in conveying speaker's information has the meaning that
people from different social and geographical backgrounds are using different
kinds of language (Trudgill, 2000, p. 11). Therefore, as the explanation above, it
is concluded that there are so many societies that use or create different language
in this world.
Fayeye (2008) states that society is coming from a large group of people
who stay in one same area. “The people in a society share a common culture as a
result of interacting on regular, continuous basis, and as a result of interacting
according to patterns of behaviour on which all, more of less agree” (Fayeye,
2008, p.6). The quotation states that the people in a society who share a common
culture are having some languages with the patterns of behaviour and ideas on
more of less agree because of an interaction on regular and continuous basis that
they have. It is quite different when there are some people who communicate in
different languages. The people who communicate with different language tend to
have different patterns of behaviour and ideas with the people who never hear the
language before (Fayeye, 2008, p. 6). The statement above gives the description
that society is a large group of people who use various languages to interact and
communicating.
The use of various languages also can be found in writings such as comic
books. Reading comic books has become youngster’s hobby with its various
themes such as drama, teen humour, superheroes, romance, and horror. Comic is a
form of reading which contains a series of shorter stories or one story from cover
to cover and takes the form of textual devices such as bubble speech, captions,
narration, and other information. The way how comics express those ideas are by
combining the words and images (Eisner, 1985, p. 10). Comic books are different
from other readings as comic books are tendenly having less of the words and
another of the differences is seen on the use of its language. One of the varieties
languages that used in a comic book is slang.
Slang words are commonly used by the youth in a daily conversation.
Slang is described as “words or phrases that are used instead of more everyday
term among younger speakers and other groups with special interests” (Yule,
2006, p. 211). Moreover, as the quotation said above, Yule states that slang is
relatively used by those who are outside established higher-status groups. On the
other hand, Mattiello states that the speaker’s purpose of using slang is not always
to keep information secret, though, since of most slang wish to be understood and
want other people to recognize their age, lifestyle, or origin (2008, p. 212).
Every slang word that appears in a comic book has different function and
it depends on what the comic’s theme is. The objects that the researcher studied
are slang words that appear in Mad about Millie Vol. 1 and Deadpool vs Old Man
Logan comic books. Mad about Millie Vol. 1 is an American comic book which is
popular among the youngster. The theme of the comic book is a humour and its
story is about the adults’ life as the model who works as an entertainer. The
second comic is a superhero comic book entitled Deadpool vs Old Man Logan
whose story is about a superhero named Deadpool and a werewolf man, Logan
who tried to save a new mutant, Maddie. Maddie was the fugitive of Agent Hart
and his men, a group of people who work for an organisation which have humans
as their experimental material for the research.
The slang words which are produced by those two different themes are
different. On the one hand, the slang words used in Mad about Millie Vol. 1 with
humour theme are more related to the daily life things such as talking about
friends, romance, or career. On the other hand, Deadpool vs Old Man Logan as
superheroes comic contain slang words that related to criminal things. This study
of how society changes languages through different slang words is important to be
studied as slang is found in daily life and has different function.

B. Problem Formulation
In order to devise the discussion of the study above, there are two
problems that are formulated as follows:
1. What are the contextual meanings of slang words found in Mad about Millie
Vol. 1 and Deadpool vs Old Man Logan comic books?
2. What are the functions of those slang words found in the comic books?
C. Objectives of the Study

This study is conducted in order to answer two questions from problem
formulation. First of all, the researcher is going to find the contextual meaning of
slang words in Mad about Millie Vol. 1 and Deadpool vs Old Man Logan comic
books on paying attention to the topic and participants or social relation of the
conversation. The second, the researcher is going to find out the functions of those
slang words seen from the meaning of the slang word itself and relate it to the
theory of the slang words function.
D. Definition of Terms
In order to determine the findings of this research which are the
contextual meaning and the functions of slang words on the two comic books, the
writer would like to add certain information of the terms in this research. There
are two terms that used in this research: slang and comic book. According to
Yule (2006), slang is defined as words or phrases that relatively used by younger
speaker and other groups which have the special interests. Younger speaker and
those other groups prefer to use slang as their language instead of using everyday
terms which known by most of people (2006, p. 211).
The next term is comic books. According to Will (1985), comic is a form
of reading that easy to recognize yet difficult to define. In his theory, Will used
the term of “sequential art” to describe comics. The definition of comic then
modified by Scott McCloud as a string of images that are read one after another to
produce meaning. Comics may or may not incorporate text, and differ from single
cartoons by producing a more complicated pattern (most often narrative) through
sequential spatial arrangement (McClou, 1993, p.9).

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
In this chapter, there are three points explained by the researcher. First is
review of related studies, second is review of related theories, and third is
theoretical framework. In the review of related studies, the researcher uses an
undergraduate thesis by Setiawan and Widyanto and a journal article by Oktavia
as those studies are relevant with this study. In the second point, review of related
theories, the researcher uses three theories which are sociolinguistics, slang, and
comic book. The last point is theoretical framework. In the theoretical framework,
the researcher explains the contribution of each theory and review in solving the
problems of the study.
A. Review of Related Studies
The first study of slang words was conducted by Setiawan (2005). His
study is about the use of slang in daily communication among youth in 1950's
New York as seen in J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye. He studies the
meaning of slang words, the characteristic of slang words, and the functions of
slang words found in The Catcher in the Rye. This thesis is focusing on the
youngster as a group who uses slang as their language in communication.
7
In the final of this study, the researcher found that there are five categories
of slang expressions classified according to the meaning attached in the
expressions. After that, the researcher also found six characteristics of slang,
which are showing emotion, abbreviation, exclamatory, arbitrary, based on idioms
and often exaggerated. The last is the purposes that make the youngster use slang
words as their daily communication. Moreover, the function of slang words in
communication is also identified, which is to speed up the communication process
and as emotive vocabularies. The similarity between Setiawan’s study and this
study is seen on finding the function of the slang words on its own object of the
study, while the differences seen on the other result of the study which is
determining categories of slang expression.
The other study about slang was conducted by Widyanto (2013). His study
is about an analysis on slang in the script of 8-Mile film used sociolinguistic
approach. His study is discussing the syntactic forms of slang expression, the kind
of meanings of slang expression, and the reasons of using slang expression in the
script of 8-Mile film. The researcher takes the data from dialogue and event found
in the script 8-Miles film. The object of the study is the script 8-Mile film. The
script of 8-Miles film portrays the reality and existences of slang expression in
society. At the end of this study, the researcher found 3 syntactic forms, 2 kinds of
meaning of using slang words, which are denotative and connotative, and 5
reasons of using slang words in 8-Miles film.
The next study is a journal article by Okatvia (2017). The study discussed
and analysed slang words that appear in the literary work, a song titled “Far East
Movement” using sociolinguistic approach. The data are collected from the lyrics
of “Far East Movement” song. The study tries to find the slang words in the song
and then analyse the characteristic of the slang words.
Reviewing those three studies, there are some similarities to this study.
Both this study and Setiawan's study are studying the function of slang words.
One that makes this study different with Setiawan's study is the object. This
study is having comic books as the object, while Setiawan uses a novel as the
object. However, if this study is compared to Widyanto’s study, this study
contains larger context since Widyanto studied about the form of slang words,
while this study is studying about the contextual meaning related to the social
factors and the function of the slang words that found in the comic books.
Meanwhile, the similarity between this study and Oktavia’s study on her journal
article is both study are using sociolinguistic approach and the difference seen on
the problem formulation. Okativa studies the characteristics of slang words, yet
this study studies the social factors of the slang words.
B. Review of Related Theories
1. Sociolinguistics
Trudgill (2000) examines that there are two aspects of language behaviour
which are very important from a social point of view, first is the function of
language in establishing social relationship, and the second is the role played by
language in conveying information about the speaker. The statement above shows
that it is clear that there is a close inter-relationship between language and society.
The role of language in conveying speaker's information has a meaning that

10
people from different social and geographical backgrounds are using different
kinds of language.
According to Holmes (2013), there are social factors which become the
basic components in sociolinguistics explanations of the reason why people speak
differently and why people do not speak in the same way all of the time. Those
social factors are belonging to these 3 points which the first is the participants, the
setting or social context of the interaction, and the last is the topic. The participant
has a function to see who is speaking and whom they are speaking to. While in the
setting or social context of the interaction people will find out where they are
speaking at. The last is the topic, in the topic, people are being able to see what is
being talked about.
2. Slang
Slang is considered as an informal language which used by various groups
in certain situations. Proper English is a common language used and understood
by all people while slang is understood by only a small group of people. Those
factors are some that make slang different from common language. The origin of
the word slang is unknown. Its resemblance in sound and figurative meaning to
the noun and verb sling and the occurrence of apparently the same root in
Scandinavian expressions referring to language suggest that the term slang is a
development of Germanic root from which the current English sling is derived
(Partidge, 1970, p. 2). In its earliest occurrences in the eighteenth century, the
word slang referred to the specialized vocabulary of underworld groups and was
11
used fairly interchangeably with the terms cant, flash, and argot (McKnight 1923,
pp. 37-38).
According to Eble (1996) examines that Slang is an ever changing set of
colloquial words and phrases that speaker uses to establish or reinforce social
identity or cohesiveness within a group or with a trend or fashion in society at
large. The existence of vocabulary of this sort within a language is possibly as old
as language itself, for slang seems to be part of any language used in ordinary
interaction by a community large enough and diverse enough to have identifiable
subgroups.
3. The Function of Slang
According to Zhou and Fan (2013), when people talk about the social
functions of slang, then the most important point will be focused in that language
as a communication between people. However, there are 3 of the interpersonal
functions of slang which are pursuit of self-identity, emotive feeling of the slang
users, and achieving politeness.
The first function is Pursuit of Self-identity. The different social and
professional groups are having the different slang, thus slang is considered as the
symbol for dividing the professional groups in society. If somebody uses the
words and expressions within a certain social group or professional group, the
person will blend with the group members from mentality. For instance, if a
student says a sentence which contains the special college slang, that student must
want to get the result of showing and strengthening the emotion that she or he is
12
belonging to the inside of the teenager group. The American scholar P. Roberts
once pointed out that the reason people constantly use slang is that they want to
show they are one of the qualified members among a certain distinct groups (Zhou
and Fan, 2013. para. 2).
The second function is Emotive Feeling of the Slang Users. The emotive
function reveals the speakers’ attitude towards their subject. The emotive function
is one of the most powerful uses of language since it is so crucial and important in
changing the emotional status of an audience for or against someone or
something. Psychologically, slang helps people to express their strong feeling,
like group identification and so on. When people use it, they want to show them
against the reality, and set them free psychologically. Moreover, slang is not only
has a function as stressing identity or group membership, but also for the
psychological need for expressing emotion, which it is the one of the basic
functions of language as well (Zhou and Fan, 2013. para. 3).
The third function is Achieving Politeness. To conduct this discussion, the
notion of register needs to be mentioned. Register refers to "manner of speaking
or writing specific to a certain function, that is characteristic of a certain domain
of communication" The choice of register is affected by three factors, occasions
(formal or informal), addressee (age, gender, occupation, the degree of
familiarity) and the content of the conversation. And the use of slang is restrained
by the three factors as well. Either the use of slang in improper occasions or the
use of slang not to the right addressee, or the improper content in one's speech
may ruin the friendship and good relationship with your interlocutors. Therefore,
13
the proper use of slang facilitates setting up a certain atmosphere or maintaining
social contacts. Slang is often used in informal occasions and is of importance in
playing the phatic function. The use of slang can maintain the friendship and
intimacy between the speakers and people that close to them (Zhou and Fan,
2013, para. 4).
4. Comic Books
Chon (2005) states that comic is something that consist of image and text
and the most often with the images in sequence. However, for Chon, comics
utilize the forms in a variety of different ways, such as a sequence of images
clearly exists to define a narrative and integrating text throughout. Meanwhile,
Chon also states that there is a most popularly accepted definition of comic which
comes from Scot McCloud’s (1993) that comics are “juxtaposed pictorial and
other images in deliberate sequence, intended to convey information and/or to
produce an aesthetic response in the viewer” (Chon, 2005, p. 9)
According to Rojas (2014), comic books have some characteristics, except
the combination between images and text. One of those characteristics is facial
expression. Rojas mentioned that facial expression in comic books is able to
represent the characters’ emotion or mood. The facial expression is needed in a
comic book since it helps the reader to understand the characters’ feeling and
emotion besides from the text (2014, para. 7).

14
C. Theoretical Framework
The review of related studies that are provided in the point A of this
chapter is needed in order to give a deeper understanding about the study of slang.
Moreover, the review of related studies is also needed to add more information
about the analysis of slang by using sociolinguistic approach. The elaboration of
related theories and related studies help the writer to answer of problems
formulated easily.
The first problem formulation of this study is mainly talked about the
contextual meaning of the slang words found in the Mad about Millie Vol. 1
(1970) and Deadpool vs Old Man Logan (2018) comic books. In finding the
contextual meaning of each slang word, the researcher is using the theory of
sociolinguistics by Holmes (2013) that contains the theory of social factors which
can help the researcher to determine the meaning of the slang words that found in
the Dicitionary of American Slang (2007) and NTC’s Dictionary of American
Slang and Colloquial Expressions (2000) and answer the first question on the
problem formulation of the contextual meaning of the slang words.
After finding the contextual meaning of the slang words in Mad about
Millie Vol. 1 (1970) and Deadpool vs Old Man Logan (2018), the researcher is
using the theory of slang function by Zhou & Fan (2013). The theory of function
of slang by Zhou & Fan (2013) is needed in order to find the definition and the
functions of slang words which can help the researcher to answer the second
question on the problem formulation about the functions of the slang words. The
last, theory of comic books is needed in order to help the reader understands the
15
characteristics of the comic book so that the researcher is easy to find the slang
words in the comic book.

CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
The method on how the analysis was done is described into three parts.
First is object of the study that describes the object or data of the study, second is
approach of the study that presents the approaches used in analysing the study,
and the last is the method of the study that describes the procedure in analysing
the study.
A. Object of the Study
The objects of this study were the slang words in the two comic books.
The slang words used as the objects of the study were the slang words that are
spoken by the main characters and the minor characters which appear more than
once in the two comic books. The data were taken from two comic books with
different theme and authors. The first comic book, Mad about Millie Vol. 1 has a
humour as the theme and 67 pages with on average 11 - 15 bubbles on each page.
Mad about Millie Vol. 1 was written by Stan Lee (1970). The characters on the
Mad about Millie Vol. 1 are the models and the youth who work in one of the
famous agencies in New York, Hanover Modelling Agency. The second comic
book was written by Declan Shalvey (2018) entitled Deadpool vs Old Man Logan.
Deadpool vs Old Man Logan is a comic book with a superhero theme and 112
pages with on average 8 - 11 bubbles on each page. The story is about the two
superheroes, Logan and Deadpool who were trying to save a new mutant, a
16
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human who possesses a genetic trait that allows the mutant to naturally develop
his/her abilities and superhuman power, named Maddie. Maddie was tried to
escape from Agent Hart and his men who were trying to arrest her and make her
as an experiment. Thus, the characters that appear in the Deadpool vs Old Man
Logan are the superheroes and the criminals.
B. Approach of the Study
This study used sociolinguistic approach to analyse the object of the
study. Sociolinguistic approach was used to find out the answer of the three
problems of the slang words that found in Mad about Millie Vol.1 and Deadpool
vs Old Man Logan comic books, contextual meanings of the slang words in Mad
about Millie Vol. 1 and Deadpool vs Old Man Logan comic books and the
functions of those slang words are in the comic books.
According to Herk (2012), sociolinguistics is the study about the
relationship of society and language. However, the study of sociolinguistics also
can take different forms depending on who is doing it and the interest of what
they want to find (2012, p.6). Therefore, throughout sociolinguistic approach, it
helped the researcher to find out what the contextual meaning of slang words in
Mad about Millie Vol. 1 and Deadpool vs Old Man Logan comic books that are
analysed from the social factors. Moreover, since the two comic books were
related to youngster speaker in the society, then this study also related to the
language and society.

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C. Method of the Study

This part can be divided into smaller sections which are data collection
and data analysis.
1. Data Collection
The data of this study were taken from two comic books which have
different theme which are humor and superhero. Therefore, the researcher used
text analysis in collecting the data. Textual analysis was defined as a method that
used to describe and interpret the characteristics of a recorded or visual message
(Lawrence R et al, 1991, p.259). Since there are a lot of slang words that appear in
the two comic books, then the researcher only analyzed the slang words that
appear and used by the main and minor characters more than once in each comic
books. Under this circumstance, purposive sampling was applied in this study.
Purposive sampling technique is completed by choosing specific samples from the
whole population to be used as the data of the study for a particular purpose
(Leedy and Ormord, 2005, p. 206).
Slang words that the researcher analyzed were those spoken by the main
characters and the minor characters in their conversation. The slang words by the
main characters and minor characters are chosen since the slang words that
spoken by the main characters only were not enough to show the differences
between the slang words in the two comic books. Thus, the researcher was not
only using slang words that spoken by the main characters only in order to
strengthen the differences between the two comics.

19
2. Data Analysis
In order to answer the first question of problem of what slang words that
found in Mas about Millie Vol. 1 and Deadpool vs Old Man Logan comic books,
the researcher read the two comic books and listed the slang words that appeared
and spoken by main and minor characters in each comic book. After finding and
listing the slang words, the researcher analyzed the slang words about the
identification why those words could be said as slang words, and in analyzing
those slang words, the researcher used the theory by Pratridge (1970), Matiello
(2011), and Eble (1996). The second thing that the researcher did after finding the
slang words in the two comic books and analyzed those words, the researcher
found the contextual meanings of slang words found in Mad about Millie Vol. 1
and Deadpool vs Old Man Logan comic books. In analyzing the contextual
meaning of the slang words, the researcher analyzed the topic and the social
relation between the main characters and the other characters in the conversation.
After that, the researcher identified each contextual meaning of the slang words
that were analyzed from Holmes (2013). Each social factor was analyzed by
identifying the topic of the conversation and the participants involved in the
conversation. After the social factors were analyzed, the researcher continued to
find one of the meanings of the slang words based on the topic of the conversation
in the Dictionary of American Slang (2007) and NCT’s Dictionary of American
Slang and Colloquial Expressions (2000). Then, after the result of the slang
words’ meanings were found, thus the study continued to find the functions of
those slang words that were analyzed from Eble (1996) and Zhou & Fan (2013).
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In analyzing the data, the researcher used certain codes which referred to
the slang words analyzed. The codes were divided into 16 codes which consisted
of 9 codes of slang words in the Mad about Millie Vol. 1 comic book and 7 codes
of slang words in Deadpool vs Old Man Logan comic book. The researcher used
code C.B.1.A in the Mad about Millie Vol. 1 comic book. C.B.1 which stands for
Comic Book 1 and A was stand for Slang number 1. In the Deadpool vs Old Man
Logan comic book, the researcher used the code C.B.2 which stands for Comic
Book 2 and A stands for Slang number 1. Therefore, the code were continuing
into C.B.1.B, C.B.1.C which stands for Comic Book 1 Slang 2, Comic Book 1
Slang 3, and so on.

CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS (RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS)
There are two main discussions in this study. The first is the contextual
meaning based on the social factor(s) which define the meaning of slang words in
the comic books. The second is the functions of the slang words in the comic
books.
A. The Contextual Meanings of Slang Words

In finding the meaning of the slang words, the researcher used the
contextual meaning, which means the researcher is finding the meaning from the
social factor analyzed from Holmes (2013). The social factors refer to the topic of
the conversation and the participants involved in the conversation. After the social
factors were analyzed, the researcher continued to find one of the meanings of the
slang words based on the topic of the conversation in the Dictionary of American
Slang (2007) and NCT’s Dictionary of American Slang and Colloquial
Expressions (2000). There are social factors which trigger the contextual meaning
of slang words in Archie’s Story and Game and Night of the Living Deadpool
comic books. The social factors that trigger the contextual meaning of slang word
are the topic and the social relation or participants. The social factor is examined
through theory from the previous explanation from Holmes (2012, p. 9-28).
In the table below, the researcher informed the slang words that spoken by
the main and minor characters in Mad about Millie Vol. 1 and Deadpool vs Old
Man Logan comic books.
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Table 1. The Summary of Slang Words in Mad about Millie Vol. 1 and
Deadpool vs Old Man Logan comic books
Mad about Millie Vol. 1 Deadpool vs Old Man Logan
Sweetie Dammit
Pumpkin Bub
Gal Punk
Creep Suck
Groovy Zapped
Gosh Crud
Glitzy Fools
Chick
Honey
In the table of summary of slang words above, the researcher explained the
slang words that spoken by the main and minor characters in the two comic
books. In the first comic, Mad about Millie Vol. 1, there are 9 slang words that
spoken by the main and minor characters in the comic book which are sweetie,
pumpkin, gal, creep, groovy, gosh, glitzy, chick, and honey. Then, in the second
comic book, Deadpool vs Old Man Logan, there are 7 slang words that spoken by
the main and minor characters in the comic book. Those 7 slang words are
dammit, bub, punk, suck, zapped, crud, and fools.
According to Partridge (1970), slang is an informal language that is used by
various group in certain situations (1970, p. 2). Slang word is different from
Standard Language since slang word is a restricted language that can be
understood and used by certain community only. In addition, Eble (1996)
mentions that slang is an ever changing set of colloquial words and phrases that
used to establish social identity or cohesiveness within a group with a trend or
fashion in society at large. Those explanations about slang word helped the
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researcher to identify those 16 words that appear on the two comic books as slang
words. In identifying the slang words, the researcher found two categories that
make a word identified as slang word, which are newly interpreted and newly
created. Newly interpreted has a meaning when the word exist and already has a
meaning in standard language, but then it has a new meaning in the comic book.
While newly created has a meaning when a word does not exist in standard
language before.
In the Mad about Millie Vol. 1 comic book there are 7 words which identified
as slang words since those 7 words have newly interpreted. First is the word
sweetie, the word sweetie in standard language is a sweet (LMD, 2003). While in
the Mad about Millie Vol. 1 comic book, the word sweetie has a new meaning as
a dear friend. In the other word, the word sweetie has a new meaning in a
community of teenager which also used in establishing social Identity or
cohesiveness within a group with a trend or fashion in society at large. It also
happened with the words pumpkin, creep, groovy, honey, and chick. The word
pumpkin in standard language is considered as a very large orange fruit that
grows on the ground (LMD, 2003), yet in the comic book, the word pumpkin
turned to be a girlfriend. Next, the word creep in standard language is understood
as gives somebody the creeps (LMD, 2003), while in the comic book, it is
understood as a weird person. After that, the word groovy in standard language is
understood as old-fashioned (LMD, 2003) and in the comic book, it has a new
meaning as cool. Next word is honey which in standard language, it has a
meaning as a sweet sticky substance produced by bees, used as food (LMD, 2003)
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and in the comic book, it turned out to be a sweetheart. The last word is chick
which in standard language, it has a meaning as a baby bird (LMD, 2003) while
in the comic book it has a meaning as a young woman. Therefore, the other
community might be not understood that pumpkin, creep, groovy, honey, and
chick have the other meaning. Thus, only a certain community will understand
that pumpkin might be said as a fruit and not a girlfriend, and so on. It also
happened because some communities are the people who gave the new meaning
itself. Those statements that give the explanation why those words could be
considered as slang words.
Besides the newly interpreted, certain communities also have some words that
newly created which could be considered as slang word. In the Mad about Millie
Vol. 1 comic book, the new words that are not part of the standard language are
gal, gosh, and glitzy. The word gal could not be found in the standard language,
but certain community will be easily understood that the word gal has a meaning
as girl since it is close with the original word of girl and has the similar
pronunciation. The other words such as gosh and glitzy also have a little bit
similar issue as the word gal. Those words are considered as slang words since it
understood by some people and certain community in certain situations.
Moreover, in the second comic book, Deadpool vs Old Man Logan also have
some words which newly interpreted and newly created. The words that have
newly interpreted are the words punk, suck, zapped, crud, and fools. The word
punk in the standard language is a type of loud music popular in the late 1970s
and 1980s (LMD, 2003). On the other hand, in the comic book, the word punk
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has a new meaning as a petty hoodlum. The other word is suck, the word suck in
standard language is understood as to take air, liquid etc into your mouth by
making your lips form a small hole and using the muscles of your mouth to pull it
in (LMD, 2003), while in the comic book, it is understood as derogatory word,
which is a repellent person. It also happened with the word zapped, crud, and
fool which the understanding in the standard language is different with the
meaning that understood by certain community. Moreover, besides the new
meaning, there is also the new word that made by certain community. There are
two newly created words that considered as slang words which are dammit and
damn. The word dammit is generally understood as blending word of dumb it,
yet some of communities change the word as blended it into dammit. It also
happened with the word bub, the word bub is not common in standard language,
yet some communities are understood what the word bub is. Those reasons which
make those words in the Deadpool vs Old Man Logan considered as slang words.
1. Contextual Meaning of Slang Words in Mad about Millie Comic Book

Mad about Millie (1970) comic book is a teen humor comic book that
mostly has the teenagers as the participants. There are 3 main characters in the
comic book, which are Millie Collins, Chili Storm, and Clicker. Below is the
summary of the contextual meaning of slang words in Mad about Millie Vol. 1
comic book.
The table below is showing the summary of contextual meaning of slang
words that appear in the Mad about Millie Vol. 1 comic book.
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Table 2. Contextual Meaning of Mad about Millie Vol. 1 comic book

Data Slang Part of Social Topic Meaning
Code Words Speech Relation
C.B.1.A Sweetie Noun Intimate Photo Dear friend
schedule
C.B.1.B Pumpkin Noun Intimate Asking for Girlfriend
taking to
home and
packing
C.B.1.C Gal Noun Intimate Appearance A woman
C.B.1.D Creep Noun Intimate Getting Weird man
annoyed
C.B.1.E Groovy Adjective Intimate The Cool
enjoyment
music
C.B.1.F Gosh Adjective Intimate Startled A mild
moment exclamation
of surprise
C.B.1.G Glitzy Adjective Formal Giving a Fashionable

compliment
C.B.1.H Chick Noun Formal Making a A young
promise woman
C.B.1.I Honey Noun Intimate Experience Sweetheart
In this part, the first slang word that the researcher analyzed is slang word
sweetie that appears in the conversation between Chili and Millie. Millie is the
famous model in one of the most popular agencies in New York, Hanover
Modeling Agency. Millie and Chili have an intimate relationship since they are the
models in Hanover Modeling Agency. The conversation between Chili and Millie
happened in their modeling room while Mr. Hanover announced their photo shoot
schedule in Texas.
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C.B.1.A
The word sweetie in the conversation C.B.1.A between Chili and Millie has a
meaning as dear child, husband, wife, lover, etc. (A, Richard 2000, pp. 430) and
according to the conversation, the contextual meaning of sweetie is dear friend
because the relation between Chili and Millie is a friend. Millie and Chili has an
intimate social relationship since they both are close-friends since the beginning
they joined in the same agency as the models. In the picture C.B.1.A above also
shown that Millie and Chili were in the same make-up room which proves that
they were friend in the agency model.
The second slang word is the word pumpkin that appears in the
conversation between Clicker and Millie. Millie has an intimate relationship with
the photographer in her agency named Clicker. The conversation between Millie
and Clicker was taken in their agency office, after Millie offered to a modeling job
in Texas. Clicker asked Millie to help her packing and take her home.
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C.B.1.B
The word pumpkin in the conversation C.B.1.B has a meaning in the dictionary
as someone or something great or special (A, Richard. 2000. p. 405). Thus,
according to the conversation, the contextual meaning of pumpkin is a girlfriend.
Millie and Clicker are dating, so that they have an intimate social relationship.
Moreover, the intimate relationship between Millie and Clicker also can be seen
from the Clicker’s gesture in the picture C.B.1.B above, it is seen that Clicker
hugged Millie, thus it shows the intimate relationship that the two characters have.
The third slang word is gal. The word gal appeared in the conversation
between Millie’s cousin Lilybelle who visited Millie with 2 other cousins, Tulip
and Cornpone. Lilybelle and Tulip were shocked when they saw Millie’s who
looked so thin at that moment.

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C.B.1.C
The word gal in the conversation C.B.1.C has a meaning as a woman in the
dictionary (Chapman 2007, pp. 322) and as the contextual meaning, gal also has a
meaning as a woman since the word gal was referred to a woman, Millie. Tulip
and Lilybelle has an intimate relationship since they are Millie’s cousins who live
outside the town. The social relationship also seen when both Lilybelle and Tulip
were comfortable and dare talking about Millie’s appearance in front of Millie as
the picture C.B.1.C above shows.
The fourth slang word is creep. The word creep appeared in conversation
between Clicker and Millie. Clicker was angry when he heard that Curtis called
Millie as his girlfriend and Millie was trying to explain the situation to Clicker.
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C.B.1.D
The word creep in the conversation C.B.1.D between Clicker and Millie above
has a dictionary meaning as a weird person (Richard 2000, pp. 111) and as the
contextual meaning, the word creep has a meaning as a weird man since the word
creep was addressed to Curtis by Clicker. Millie and Clicker are dating, so they
have an intimate social relationship. The social relationship between Clicker and
Millie also seen in the picture C.B.1.D above when Millie was trying to hold
Clicker back and asked Clicker to calm down by holding his hand.
The fifth slang word is groovy. The word groovy appeared in the
conversation between Millie and Chili at the party. Chili is a model who works in
the same agency, Hanover Model Agency, as Millie. Chili and Milli were at the
party with some friends and they seemed enjoying the music and dance there.
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C.B.1.E
The word groovy in the conversation C.B.1.E has a meaning as cool; pleasant in
the dictionary (A, Richard. 2000. Pp. 200) and as the contextual meaning, the
word groovy has a meaning as cool. Millie and Chili have an intimate social
relationship, it is seen from the topic of the conversation, Millie and Chili were
talking about the music and Millie was comfortable in expressing her enjoyment
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of listening the music and dance. The enjoyment also seen from the picture
C.B.1.E above when Millie looked so energetic on her dancing.
The sixth slang word is the word gosh which is spoken by Daisy while
having a conversation with Millie. Daisy is Millie’s personal assistant. The
conversation happened in Millie’s house when Millie was about to wake up late
and Daisy was helped her to prepare.
C.B.1.F
The word gosh in the conversation C.B.1.F has a dictionary meaning as a mild
exclamation of pleasure, disbelief, surprise, etc and as the contextual meaning, the
word gosh has a meaning as a mild exclamation of surprise. Daisy and Millie are
having an intimate relationship. Daisy is Millie’s personal assistant who always
stay and stick with Millie every day. In the picture C.B.1.F above also shown that
Millie and Daisy were living in the same flat. Therefore, it proves that they are
having a really close relationship.

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The seventh slang word is glitzy that is found in the conversation between
Millie and Curtis, a cousin of Cynthia. Millie was talking about someone that she
thought was going to be perfect to be Curtis’ date, but then she got surprised by
Curtis’ answer.
C.B.1.G
The word glitzy in the conversation C.B.1.G has a dictionary meaning as
fashionable; glamorous (Richard, 2000. pp. 186) and a contextual meaning as
fashionable. Curtis and Millie had not known each other before Curtis’ cousin,
Cynthia, introduced her to Millie. Therefore, Millie and Clicker have a formal
social relationship. The formal relationship between Curtis and Millie also can be
seen from the expression that Millie had towards flattery words that Curtis said.
Millie prefers to show her shocked expression rather than showing a happy or
flattering expression.
The eighth slang word is chick that appeared in the conversation between
Curtis and Millie while Curtis was trying to flirt Millie.

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C.B.1.H
The word chick in the conversation C.B.1.H between Curtis and Millie has a
dictionary meaning as a woman, especially a young woman (Chapman 2007, pp.
151) and according to the conversation, the contextual meaning of the word chick
is a young woman. The social relationship between Curtis and Millie is a formal
relationship as from the picture C.B.1.H above shown that Millie was shocked to
hear about Clicker’s words.
The ninth slang word is honey. The word honey appeared in the
conversation between Clicker and Millie on their way back to home after joined
the dancing practice at the restaurant. Millie was gained weight for 2 kilos, she
was so worried, since she was not allowed to gain her weight in her agency as a
professional mode. So, she found a way to reduce her weight, then Clicker gave
an idea to reduce Millie’s weight. Clicker suggested Millie to reduce her weight
by dancing. Thus, Millie and Clicker decided to go to the restaurant that had a
dance floor, so that they can dancing in the restaurant as long as they wanted.
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C.B.1.I
The word honey in the conversation C.B.1.I has a dictionary meaning as a
sweetheart (Richard 2000, pp. 225) and the contextual meaning also a sweetheart.
Clicker and Millie have an intimate relationship as seen from the topic of their
conversation, they were talking about something that Clicker loved and so Millie.
The social relationship of intimate also seen from the picture C.B.1.I above when
Clicker and Millie were embraced and kissing.
2. The Contextual Meaning of Slang Words in Deadpool vs Old Man Logan
Comic Book
The second object study analyzed by the researcher is Deadpool vs Old
Man Logan (2018) comic book. Deadpool vs Old Man Logan is a superhero
comic book and its story is about the superhero named Deadpool and Logan who
were trying to save a new mutant, Maddie. Maddie tried to escape from Agent
Hart and his men since Agent Hart wanted to make her as an experimental object.
Since Deadpool vs Old Man Logan comic book is a superhero comic book then
the contains so many conflicts in the story and most of the characters that appear
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in the comic book are the criminals. The table below is the summary of
contextual meaning of slang words in Deadpool vs Old Man Logan comic book.
Table 3. Contextual Meaning of Deadpool vs Old Man Logan comic book

Data Slang Part of Social Topic Contextual
Code Words Speech Relation Meaning
C.B.2.A Punk Noun Formal Getting A petty hoodlum
attacked
C.B.2.B Bub Noun Formal Getting A fool person
attacked
C.B.2.C Suck Noun Intimate Complaining Someone bad
something
C.B.2.D Crud Noun Intimate Speaking A repellent
about person
someone
else
C.B.2.E Dammit Adjective Formal Getting Accursed
annoyed
C.B.2.F Zapped Verb Intimate An To shock
apprehensive someone
experience
The first slang word in Deadpool vs Old Man Logan is punk. The word
punk appeared in the conversation between Logan, Agent Hart, and Agent Hart’s
men. Agent Hart and Agent Hart’s men caught Logan and were trying to attack
Logan. Before it, Deadpool and Agent Hart met a new mutant named Maddie and
they knew if there was something happened with Maddie and they were trying to
save Maddie and asked Maddie to come with them. Maddie was a hostage of
Agent Hart, so Agent Hart tried to caught Logan and Deadpool to ask about
Maddie and asked Logan to give Maddie back to him. Then, Logan successfully
caught by Agent Hart’s men and attacked by Agent Hart’s men. After that, Agent
Hart asked his men to find Deadpool and Maddie.

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C.B.2.A
The word punk in the conversation C.B.2.A between Logan and Agent Hart’s
men has a dictionary meaning as an inexperienced boy or youth and a petty (male)
hoodlum; a (male) juvenile delinquent (Richard 2000, pp. 343). As the
conversation above, the contextual meaning of punk is a petty hoodlum. Logan
and Agent Hart had not known each other before, they just met at the day when
Logan was trying to save a girl from Agent Hart. The social relationship between
Agent Hart and Logan is a formal social relationship since they had not met and
interaction before and from the topic of the conversation, it is seen that Agent
Hart was trying to kill Logan by attacking him with guns.
The second slang word is bub. The conversation happened between
Agent Hart and Logan while Logan was caught by Agent Hart.
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C.B.2.B
The word bub in the conversation C.B.2.B has a dictionary meaning as a fool; a
giddy person (Richard 2000, pp. 71) and as the conversation above, the contextual
meaning of bub is a fool person. Agent Hart and Logan have a formal social
relationship since they had not met and interaction before. It also seen from the
picture C.B.2.B above when Agent Hart was talking to Logan who was detained
by Agent Hart’s men. Agent Hart is a high-ranking employee of the weapons
manufacturer GenForm. Agent Hart was having a mission to capture a new
mutant, Maddie. While Logan is a superhero, usually called as werewolf man that
trying to save Maddie from Agent Hart and take her to the Xavier Institute for
Mutant Education and Outreach, a special institute to train young mutants in
controlling their powers and shaping a friendly relationship. The social

39
relationship also is seen from the topic of the conversation, when Agent Hart only
knew about Logan by the files that he read and never expected that Logan was
older than he thought.
The third slang word in the comic book is suck. The word suck was
found in the conversation between Maddie and Deadpool.
C.B.2.C
The word suck in the conversation C.B.2.C between Maddie and Deadpool has a
dictionary meaning as to be bad or undesirable (Richard 2000, pp. 457) and has a
contextual meaning as someone bad. Deadpool and Maddie has an intimate
relationship though they just met. It is because Deadpool knew that Agent Hart
was trying to use Maddie as an experiment of GenForm. Deadpool also against
the GenForm movement, thus both Maddie and Deadpool can talk everything and
make a plan as a team that have known each other well before.
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The fourth slang word is crud. The word crud was found in the
conversation between Deadpool and Maddie while trying to find a way out from
Agent Hart’s basecamp
C.B.2.D
The word crud in the conversation C.B.2.D has a dictionary meaning as a
repellent person (Rude and derogatory) (Richard 2000, 113) and has a contextual
meaning as a repellent person. Deadpool and Maddie have an intimate
relationship, it is seen from the topic of the conversation and the picture C.B.2.D
above, when Deadpool and Maddie were trying to find a way to escape.
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The fifth slang word that found in Deadpool vs Old Man Logan (2018)
was damn. The word damn appeared in the conversation between Logan and
Agent Hart while Agent Hart was asking Logan about the new mutant, Maddie.
C.B.2.E
The word damn of the conversations C.B.2.E has a dictionary meaning as cursed;
accursed; wretched. As the conversation above, the contextual meaning of damn
is accursed. Agent Hart and Logan have a formal social relationship. It is seen
from the topic of the conversation between Logan and Agent Hart. In the
conversation, Logan was trying to give a useless clue and answer to Agent Hart
when he asked about Maddie. The topic of conversation between Logan and
Agent Hart is showing the formal relationship between Agent Hart and Deadpool
when Agent Hart was only asking and talking about his business; found out about
42
Maddie, and didn’t care about other things. The social relationship also seen in the
picture C.B.2.E above when Agent Hart was trying to attack Logan.
The sixth slang word is zapped. The word zapped found in the
conversation between Maddie and Deadpool. Deadppol and Maddie were in the
same prison since they got caught by Agent Hart. Deadpool told Maddie that she
was trying to save and rescue her, but Maddie felt that it was not going to be
happened since Deadpool was in the same prison as her. Maddie also told
Deadpool about her terrible and miserable experiences that Agent Hart’s and his
men did during her time in the prison. After hearing Maddie’s story, Deadpool
tried to make Maddie realize that she was not alone in having bad experiences,
since Deadpool also had been in the same position as Maddie. He had been an
object study for the organization too and made him as mutant like now.
C.B.2.F
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The slang word zapped in the conversation C.B.2.F between Deadpool and
Maddie has a dictionary meaning as (1) to shock someone, (2) to kill someone, (3)
to impress someone, (4) to stun someone with an imaginary ray gun. According to
the conversation above, the word zapped has a meaning as to shock someone.
Deadpool and Maddie has an intimate relationship. The intimate relationship is
seen in the topic of the conversation. In the conversation, Maddie was telling
about everything that the GenForm people did to her. She was willing to share
about the story that caused her depressed to Deadpool, so it also shows that they
have a close relationship, when someone is willing to share something private
about her or him. It also seen from the picture C.B.2.F above when Maddie told
everything about her bad experience, the Deadpool took his mask off which he
never did it before.
The slang words that appear in the Mad about Millie and Deadpool vs Old
Man Logan comic books are different. The differences of the slang words are seen
from the social factors which are the topic and the social relationship or
participant. In Deadpool vs Old Man Logan comic book, the participants are the
superheroes and criminals who used some slang words with a derogation
meaning. The topic of the conversation is related to a team who were trying to
escape and against someone. While in the Mad about Millie comic book, the
participants are the adults who work in entertainment and all the characters have
an intimate relationship with each character, such as best friend, boyfriend and
girlfriend. The topic of the conversation is about the romance, friendship, and
44
compliment. Thus, the slang words that used by the characters are different with
the slang words that used in the Deadpool vs Old Man Logan.
B. The Function of Slang Words

In analyzing the functions of Mad about Millie Vol. 1 and Deadpool vs
Old Man Logan comic books, the researcher is examined through theory from the
previous explanation from Eble (1996) and Zhou & Fan (2013). There are two
functions of slang that found in Mad about Millie Vol.1 and Deadpool vs Old Man
Logan comic books. Those functions are to establish rapport and emotive feeling.
1. The Function of Slang Words in Mad about Millie Vol. 1 Comic Book
There are two functions of the slang words as found in the Mad about
Millie Vol. 1 comic book. Those functions are achieving politeness and emotive
feeling. The two functions of the slang words are examined through the theory
from the previous explanation from Zhou & Fan (2013).
a. Achieving Politeness
The first function of the slang words is achieving politeness. According to
Zhou & Fan (2013), in making a conversation, the speaker has a manner of
speaking or writing and the choice of the manner of speaking or writing is
affected by 3 factors which are occasions (formal or informal), addressee (age,
gender, occupation, the degree of familiarity) and the content of the conversation.
Moreover, those 3 factors also used in the use of slang words. Either the use of
slang in improper occasions or the use of slang not to the right addressee, or the
45
improper content in one's speech may ruin the friendship and good relationship
with your interlocutors. Zhou & Fan (2013) explained that the proper used of
slang words will created the close social relationship.
The first slang word that has achieving politeness as the function is the
word honey.
C.B.1.A
In the conversation C.B.1.A the slang word honey has a function as achieving
politeness. The slang word honey used by the character Clicker in addressing her
girlfriend, Millie, in order to show their close relationship and affectionate term
by calling Millie with a nickname of honey.
The second slang word that has a function as achieving politeness is the
word sweetie. The word sweetie is appeared in the conversation between Millie
and Chili. Millie and Chili were in the make-up room of their model agency and
their boss came to them and told them that they were going to have a photo shoot
session in Texas. Millie was so excited since she liked to have a photo shoot in a
wide-open space.
46
C.B.1.B
In the conversation C.B.1.B, Chili used the slang word sweetie and it has a
function as achieving politeness. The word sweetie used by the character Chili in
order to address her best friend, Millie. Chili used a nickname when addressing
Millie as showing their close relationship. Their close relationship also seen in the
picture C.B.1.B above.
The third slang word that has a function as achieving politeness is the
word pumpkin. The word pumpkin is appeared in the conversation between
Millie and Clicker in the agency. Clicker was asking to take Millie home and help
her to pack her things because Millie was going a photo shoot session in Texas
with her other model friends.

47
C.B.1.C
In the conversation C.B.1.C, the word pumpkin was used by the character Clicker
as its function in achieving politeness. The character Clicker used the word
pumpkin in affectionate term, he used a nickname to his girlfriend to show that
they have an intimate relationship. The function also seen from the picture
C.B.1.C above when Clicker used the word pumpkin followed by his gesture in
embraced Millie.
b. Emotive Feeling
The second function of slang word is emotive feeling. According to Zhou
& Fan (2013), the emotive function reveals the speakers’ attitude towards their
subject. Thus, slang does not only have a function as stressing identity or group
48
membership, but also for the psychological need for expressing emotion. The first
slang word that has an emotive feeling as a function is the word gosh.
C.B.1.D
In the conversation C.B.1.B, the word gosh was used by Millie in her
conversation with Clicker when Clicker explained that Chili might ruin the boss’
business. The function of emotive feeling is seen when Millie used the word gosh
as showing her emotion, shocking, as the picture C.B.1.B above shown.
The second slang word that has an emotive feeling as the function is the
word groovy. The word groovy was spoken by Chili when Clicker asked her to
see the new show at the Copa.
C.B.1.E
49
The word groovy in the conversation C.B.1.E spoken by Cynthia has a function as
an emotive feeling. Cynthia is a close friend of Millie and she was a model in the
same agency as Millie. Cynthia was asking Millie to find a date for her cousin,
Clicker. Then, the word groovy used by Cynthia in order to show her happiness
towards Millie’s answer when she said that she had someone to be Clicker’s date.
The expression of happiness also shown in the picture C.B.1.E above.
The third slang word that has an emotive feeling as its function is glitzy.
The word glitzy is appeared in the conversation between Curtis and Millie.
C.B.1.F
The word glitzy in the conversation C.B.1.F spoken by Curtis has a function as an
emotive feeling, since the word glitzy was used by Curtis to show his admiration
feeling of Millie.
2. The Function of Slang Words in Deadpool vs Old Man Logan Comic Book
In Deadpool vs Old Man Logan comic book, there are two functions of
the slang words. Those functions are to establish rapport and emotive feeling. The
50
two functions of the slang words are examined through the theory from the
previous explanation from Eble (1996) and Zhou & Fan (2013).
a. Achieving Politeness
The first function of the slang words is achieving politeness. According to
Zhou & Fan (2013), the function of achieving politeness is seen when the
speakers are using the proper slang words which can maintain the friendship and
intimacy between the speakers and people that close to them, such as addressing
someone. The first slang word that has a function as achieving politeness in the
Deadpool vs Old Man Logan comic book is the word suck. The word suck is
appeared in the conversation between Deadpool and Maddie.
C.B.2.A
The word suck in the conversation between C.B.2.A was used by Maddie in order
to address Deadpool. The word suck itself has a meaning as someone bad and
when the word suck is used to call someone that the speaker does not know or to
call a stranger, the word suck is understood as an offensive word, but when it is
51
used to call someone that speaker know, it is quite acceptable. Since Maddie and
Deadpool has an intimate relationship, then the word suck as addressing someone
is acceptable as showing that they are a good friend.
b. Emotive Feeling
The second function of slang word is emotive feeling. According to Zhou
& Fan (2013), the emotive function reveals the speakers’ attitude towards their
subject. Thus, slang does not only have a function as stressing identity or group
membership, but also for the psychological need for expressing emotion. The
slang word that appeared in the Deadpool vs Old Man Logan comic book and has
an emotive feeling as the function is the word dammit. The word dammit has the
same meaning as the word damn.
C.B.2.A
In the conversation C.B.2.A was happened when Logan and Deadpool asked
Maddie to teleport them to somewhere else so that they can escape from the
52
prison, but Maddie told them that she could not affect anything living, unless
object. However, Deadpool kept asked Maddie to transport anything small and
alive there. Thus, Maddie tried to transport something small and alive which is a
cactus, and when the cactus appeared, Deadpool found out that the cactus was
fake. The word dammit in the conversation C.B.2.A is used by Deadpool in order
to show his emotion which is disappointed since he was expecting that the cactus
was real and in fact, the reality was just different from his expectation.
The second slang word that has an emotive feeling as the function is the
word bub. The second slang word is appeared in the conversation between Agent
Hart and Logan. Agent Hart was trying to shoot Logan and Logan was about to
ready to hit him.
C.B.2.B
The word bub in the conversation C.B.2.B has a function as an emotive feeling, it
is seen when Logan used it to express his emotion of anger as Agent Hart was
53
getting ready to shoot him. The emotion that expressed by Logan also seen in the
picture C.B.2.B above.

CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION
In this part, the researcher would like to give the conclusion of this study
and the two problems based on the previous chapter. In this study, the researcher
analyses the contextual meaning and the function of the slang words in Mad about
Maddie Vol. 1 and Deadpool vs Old Man Logan comic books. The data of this
study are selected from the conversation of main characters and minor characters,
and also the picture of the conversations from the two comic books.
There are two problems examined in this study. First is the contextual
meaning of Mad about Millie Vol. 1 and Deadpool vs Old Man Logan comic
books. The second problem is the function of the slang words that appear in the
Mad about Millie Vol. 1 and Deadpool vs Old Man Logan comic books.
In analyzing the contextual meaning of Mad about Millie Vol. 1 and
Deadpool vs Old Man Logan comic books, the researcher identified the social
factors of the conversation in each comic book first. There are two social factors
used to determine the contextual meaning on the two comic books, which are the
topic and the participant or social relations. In the Mad about Millie Vol. 1 comic
book, there are nine slang words that spoken by main characters and the minor
characters. There are seven slang words that spoken by the characters who have
intimate relationship and two slang words that spoken by the characters with
formal relationship. The topic of the conversation that found in the Mad about
Millie Vol. 1 comic book are photo schedule, asking for taking to home and
54
55
packing, appearance, getting annoyed, the enjoyment of music, startled moment,
giving a compliment, making a promise, and dancing. After the social factors were
found, the researcher determined the slang words’ contextual meaning from the
dictionary meaning.
The second problem in this study is the slang words’ function. In this
study, the researcher has found two functions of the slang words in the two comic
books, they are achieving politeness and emotive feeling. The function of the
slang words is examined by identifying the theory of Zhou & Fan (2013). In the
Mad about Millie Vol. 1 comic book, from nine slang words, there are five slang
words that have a function as achieving politeness. While the rest two slang words
are have a function as an emotive feeling. In the Deadpool vs Old Man Logan
comic book, the researcher has found two slang words that have a function as
achieving politeness and four slang words that have an emotive feeling as the
function.
At the end, this study examines that the slang words in Mad about Millie
Vol. 1 and Deadpool vs Old Man Logan comic books are identified as slang word
since that word have newly interpreted and newly created which could be
understood and used by certain communities only. Moreover, the contextual
meanings of the slang words are determined by the social factors of the
conversation, such as a topic of the conversation and with whom that the speaker
used the slang word or participant. In this part, it is concluded that the slang words
that have a function as achieving politeness are used by the participants with an
intimate relationship in addressing someone in order to show affectionate and

56
close-relationship. While the slang words with an emotive feeling as the function
is tend to use in showing the emotion of the speaker and expressing the feeling of
the speaker, such as anger, happiness, sadness, and annoyed.
In the first comic book, Mad about Millie Vol. 1, the slang words that
appear are the slang words that related to affection and friendship. It can be seen
from the almost participants in the Mad about Millie Vol. 1 comic book are the
people who work in the same place and in the same circle of friends. However, in
the second comic book, Deadool vs Old Man Logan, almost all the slang words
used by the participants are the slang words that have a derogatory meaning and
situation. In the Deadpool vs Old Man Logan, the characters shown in the story
were superheroes, mutant, and the Agent.
To enrich the slang analysis, the researcher suggested the future
researchers to conduct similar analysis in different genre of the comic books as the
object of the research. This will enrich that every comic book has different slang
words not only in its contextual meaning, but also in its function as used in the
conversation. Second, the researcher also advised to other researchers to conduct
the research by using different approach, such as semantics approach. The
semantics perspective serves to spotlight the pragmatic functions of slang. As the
result, the deepest result of the slang function(s) will be achieved.

REFERENCES
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Methods Approaches. California: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Dai Weidong & He Zhaoxiong. (2010). A New Concise Course in Linguistics for
Students of English (2nd ed). Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language
Education Press.
Eble, Connie. (1996). Slang and Sociability. Berkeley: UC Press.
Eisner, Will. (1985). Comics & Sequential Art. New York: Poorhouse Press.
Fayeye, J.O. (2008). Introduction to Sociology. Lagos: National Open University

of Nigeria.
Frey, Lawrence R, Botan, Carl H & Kreps, Gary L. (1991). Investigating

Communication: An Introduction to Research Methods (2nd ed). Upper
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Blackwell.
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Routledge.
Kipfer, Barbara Ann & Robert L. Chapman. (2007). Dictionary of American

Slang. New York: HarperCollins.
Klaeber, Fr. (1962). Metaphor: Its Cognitive Force and Linguistic Structure.
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Leedy, Paul D & Jeanne Ellis Ormrod. (2005). Pratical Research: Planning and
Design, 8th Edition. Upper Saddle River: Prencite Hall.
Lee, Stan. (1970). Mad about Millie Vol. 1. New York: Magazine Management
Company.
Mattiello, Elisa. (2008). An Introduction to English Slang: A Description of its

Morphology, Semantics, and Sociology. Monza: Polimetrica International
Scientific Publisher.
McCloud, Scott. (1993). Understanding Comics: The Invisible Art. New York:
Harper Perennial.
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PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 58
McKnight, George H. (1923). English Words and Their Background. New York:
Appleton and Co.
Oktavia, Vonny Elisa. (2017). An Analysis of Slang Words in the Lyrics of Far
East Movement song as the Form of Language Development and it’s used in
the Daily Life (Journal Article). College of Language Sultan Agung Islamic
University, Semarang.
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Incorporated.
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Among Youth in 1950’s New York As Seen In J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher in
the Rye (Undergraduate Thesis). Universitas Sanata Dharma, Yogyakarta.
Shalvey, Declan. (2018). Deadpool vs Old Man Logan. New York: Marvel
Comics
Spears, Richard A. (2000). NTC’s Dictionary of American Slang and Colloquial
Expressions. Chicago: NTC Publishing Group.
The Infinite Mind: “Language In Pop Culture” Program Transcript. (2000).

Cambridge: Lichtenstein Creative Media.
Trudgill, Peter. (2000). Sociolinguistics: an introduction to language and society

(4thed). London: Penguin Books.
Van Herk, Gerard. (2012). What Is Sociolinguistics. Hoboken: Willey Blackwell.
Widyanto, Cahyo Anjar. (2013). An Analysis on Slang in the Script of 8 Mile

Film: A Sociolinguistics Approach. Muhammadiyah University, Surakarta.
Yule, George. (2006). The Study of Language (3rd ed). New York: Cambridge
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from http://www.linguisticsociety.org/resource/sociolinguistics
Zhou, Yanchun & Yanhon Fang. (2013). A Sociolinguistics Study of American

Slang. Oulu: Academy Publisher.
APPENDICES
Appendix 1: Slang Words in Mad about Millie Vol. 1 Comic Book
Data Utterance Social Factor Contextual Function

Code Meaning
Social Topic
Relation
C.B.1.A Millie and Chili were in their modelling room while Mr. Hanover Intimate Photo Schedule Dear friend Achieving
announced their schedule to Texas Politeness
Mr. Hanover: Now, hear this! We’re all groovin’ out West—to take
some Cowboy and Indian fashion photos.
59
Millie: That’s Fab! I always loved the wide-open spaces!”
Chili: You should, sweetie! (p. 3)

C.B.1.B Clicker asked Millie to take her home and to help her packing. Intimate Offer a help for packing Girlfriend Achieving
and taking to home Politeness
Clicker: “C’mon pumpkin, I’ll drive you home to pack!”
Millie: “Then, let’s go, man!” (p. 3)
C.B.1.C Millie’s cousins were visiting her after years and they shocked by Intimate Appearance A woman Achieving
the Millie’s appearance. Politeness
Tulip: “How come you’re so thin, cousin Millie?”
Lilybelle: “Maybe the gal is been sick” (p. 28)

C.B.1.D Millie and Curtis, a cousin of her friend that she just knew and met, Intimate Getting annoyed Weird man Emotive
went to the office and met Clicker that Curtis have not known
before.
Curtis: “Sorry, stupid, I don’t know your name!”

“But, don’t worry, my girlfriend, Millie, will tell me!”
Clicker: *shocked* *talked to Millie* “HIS GIRLFRIEND

MILLIE??!”
Millie: “Cool it, Clicker! I’ll explain it later! I hope!”
Clicker: “Let me at him! I;ll pulverize the creep!” (p. 22)
C.B.1.F Millie was about to late to her photoshoot schedule and Daisy Intimate Startled moment A mild Emotive
helped her to prepare. exclamation of feeling
surprise
Daisy: “Gosh! I never saw anyone shower so fast!”
60
Millie: “No time now!”
Daisy: “But, how about your hair?”
Daisy: “I’ll brush it in the elevator!” (p. 19)

C.B.1.G Millie talked about a model that she wanted to introduce to Curtis Formal Giving a compliment Fashionable Emotive
as his date. However, Curtis thought that Millie was the one who Feeling
will be his date.
Millie: “The girl I have for you is a gorgeous model and she’s loads
of fun!”
Curtis: “You can say that again!”
Millie: “huh?”
Curtis: “I never thought I’d met anyone as glitzy as you”

Millie: “ME??????” (pp. 21-22)

C.B.1.H Curtis was trying to flirt Millie Formal Making a promise A young woman Achieving
Politeness
Curtis: Y’know, with a chick like you up for grabs--”
“I may decide to stay in New York!”
“I wouldn’t wanna break your heart by leaving!”
Millie: “Curtis—I-I think it’s time we had a little understanding!”

(p. 23)
C.B.1.I Millie was gaining weight for 2 kilos and Clicker helped Millie to Intimate Dance Sweetheart Achieving
reduce and asked her to have a dancing session at the restaurant. Politeness
After that, Millie and Clicker were talking about the dance practice
61
that they had at the restaurant on their way back to home.
Clicker: “Y’know honey I could learn to like this kind of

exercise!”
Millie: “Mmmm mee too!”

“Goodnight Clicker dear!”
“Thanks for helping me reduce! ”
Clicker: “The pleasure’s mine, dollface!!”

Appendix 2: Slang Words in Deadpool vs Old Man Logan Comic Book
Social Factor
Data Contextual
Utterance Social Function
Code Meaning
Topic
Relation
C.B.2.A Logan was attacked by the Agent Hart and his men Formal Getting attacked A petty Achieving
hoodlum Politeness
Agent Hart: “Target located! Acquire the weapon!”
Logan: “You’re
welcome to try, bub”
*one of Agent Hart men was grabbed Logan’s hand*

A: “I have him”
62
*Logan cuts his

hand*
Logan: “That all you got, punks?” (pp. 23-24)
C.B.2.B Logan was caught by Agent Hart Formal Getting attacked A fool person Emotive
feeling
A. Hart: “Yes, I know you, “weapon x.” I have read your files.
Though, to be honest, I thought you will be in better ondition
than this. Not quite so.....Old”
Logan: “Yeah, well....ain’t the years, it’s the miles, bub” (p.
27)
C.B.2.C Deadpool was hitted by the stone after saving Maddie’s life Intimate Complaining over Someone bad Achieving
and fainted. When he awoke, he suddenly remembered his something Politeness
daughter, Elleanor and known as Ellie, and called Maddie by
his daughter’s name
Deadpool: “This is my fault....please don’t let Eleanor be here,

please”
Deadpool: “I killed them...Ellie...Ellie?”
Maddie: “Not Ellie. Maddie. Man, you suck” (pp. 60-61)

C.B.2.D Deadpool and Maddie were trying to escape. Intimate Talking about A repellent Emotive
someone else person feeling
Maddie: “C’mon this way”
Deadpool: “So...you’ve never even tried teleporting a

person....?”
Maddie: *talking to Deadpool who handed a tablet* “Will you

drop it?”
63
Deadpool: *Dropped his tablet* “Dropped Consider it

teleported away! Unlike your obvious hang-ups”
Maddie: “The exit tunnel should be through....here”
Deadpool: “Crud” *Comes a group of Agent Hart’s men*
Deadpool: “Double crud. What I wouldn’t give for some

swords right now” (p. 78)
C.B.2.E Logan was talking to Agent Hart, the man who caught him and Formal Getting annoyed accursed Emotive
tried to find Maddie who’s Logan met before feeling
Agent Hart: “You know which girl. The one you were
speaking to just we arrived”
Logan: “Oh, you mean the one gettin’ away while I’ve been
distracting your boys?”
Logan: “I know fer a fact she don’t like talkin’ to strange men”
Agent Hart:
“Damn! Forget him! He is a waste of our time...rendezvous
with the other team. Find the girl!” (pp. 27-28)
C.B.2.F Deadpool was trying to rescue Maddie. Intimate An apprehensive To shock Emotive
experience someone feeling
Deadpool: “Hey, relax! We’re here to rescue you”
Maddie: “And how are you gonna “rescue” me exactly?

64
You’re stuck in the same prison as me!”

“I’ve been poked, and prodded for over a day, they’ve
squeezed me, zapped me.....you’ve no idea what it’s like to be
treated like some rat lab” (p. 61)

Ea Rizki Function of Slang Word

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PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

THE FUNCTIONS OF SLANG WORDS BY THE MAIN AND

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS

THE FUNCTIONS OF SLANG WORDS BY THE MAIN AND

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS

I would like to express my deep and earnest gratitude to my thesis advisor,

allowed me to finish my thesis as best I could. She is a mother to me. My biggest

encouragement during my study. I am also thankful to Mba Ninik for being so

Hendriati Trianita, my endless love, Veronica Iswinahyu, my Bunda, Dian

My thanks and appreciations also go to my chills squad.

lots of affections to make sure that I did my thesis as well I could.

TITLE PAGE ................................................................................................. ii

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ................................................................. 1

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE ............................................. 7

CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY ............................................................. 16

CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS (RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS) ............... 21

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION ..................................................................... 54

LMD : Longman Dictionary

No. Table Page

1. Table 1. The Summary of Slang Words in 22

Language is the foundation of the society that allows people to express

RIZKY, ELSA AULIYA. THE FUNCTIONS OF SLANG WORDS BY THE

Bahasa adalah fondasi di dalam satu lingkungan yang membantu

A. Background of the Study

In everyday life, language becomes so important since it is needed to build

maintain social relationship. Therefore, language becomes one of the most

powerful emblems of social behaviour (Wolfram, 2012, para.1). According to the

social behaviour as a function of sytem communication among individuals. For

come from, etc.

Therefore, as what Wolfram states, from language, people are able to

guess or judge a person’s background, character, and intentions easily based on

and their choices of words (Wolfram, 2012, para.1). In addition, according to

about the speakers (Holmes, 2013, p. 4).

society can be observed through sociolinguistics. Trudgill (2000) examines that

behaviour are reflections of the inter-relationship between language and society.

kinds of language (Trudgill, 2000, p. 11). Therefore, as the explanation above, it

result of interacting on regular, continuous basis, and as a result of interacting

according to patterns of behaviour on which all, more of less agree” (Fayeye,

languages that used in a comic book is slang.

Slang words are commonly used by the youth in a daily conversation.

as their experimental material for the research.

of how society changes languages through different slang words is important to be

studied as slang is found in daily life and has different function.

problems that are formulated as follows:

Vol. 1 and Deadpool vs Old Man Logan comic books?

C. Objectives of the Study

theory of the slang words function.

terms which known by most of people (2006, p. 211).

cartoons by producing a more complicated pattern (most often narrative) through

sequential spatial arrangement (McClou, 1993, p.9).

review of related studies, second is review of related theories, and third is

theoretical framework. In the review of related studies, the researcher uses an

undergraduate thesis by Setiawan and Widyanto and a journal article by Oktavia

problems of the study.

A. Review of Related Studies

youngster as a group who uses slang as their language in communication.

of slang expressions classified according to the meaning attached in the

which are showing emotion, abbreviation, exclamatory, arbitrary, based on idioms

words as their daily communication. Moreover, the function of slang words in

communication is also identified, which is to speed up the communication process