Group 1

1. The main reason behind the low labor productivity of VietNam

- The first is institutional barriers: Market economy institutions are still not
synchronous, especially the labor market, technology market, legal system, policies
for the development of incomplete, not synchronous and low-quality markets.
- Secondly, due to the small size of Vietnam's economy: The process of shifting the
labor structure in a positive but slow direction, increasing internal productivity has not
played a leading role in increasing the productivity of the economy.
- The third is the process of economic restructuring in a positive but slow direction:
Industries and services, especially those services that are the driving force or lifeblood
of the economy such as finance, banking and tourism of Vietnam still account for a
low proportion.
- Fourth, machinery, equipment and technological processes are still outdated: Most
of our country's enterprises, especially civil enterprises, the level of science,
technology and innovation is still low, many enterprises are using old and outdated
technology, lagging 2-3 generations behind the world average. 
- Fifth, the quality of human resources is limited: The proportion of trained workers is
still low, the training structure is unreasonable, there is a shortage of skilled labor, the
gap between vocational education and the needs of the labor market is still large. In
addition, unemployment among young workers or the mismatch between work and
training level is quite common. A large part of workers have not been trained in
industrial labor discipline, workers lack knowledge and skills to work in groups, lack
the ability to cooperate and bear risks, afraid to promote initiatives.
- Sixth, the level of organization, management and efficiency of using resources is
still inadequate: Management and corporate governance capacity is still limited. The
level of scientific and technological development, sense of organization and
management in production and business of Vietnamese workers has not yet met the
requirements of modern production.

2. Some solutions to improve Vietnam's labor productivity

* Solutions for the corporate sector

- Innovate thinking to improve productivity, quality and operational efficiency
through the application of advanced management technologies in the world adjusted
to suit the characteristics and culture of Vietnamese enterprises. Promote the
application of cloud computing to cut costs, save time and improve business
operational efficiency.
- Strategize and implement strategies to improve labor productivity by focusing on
knowledge and technology-based growth; focus on investing in improving scientific
and technological capacity and innovation, applying advanced and modern technology
to production and corporate governance.
- Focus on skill training for workers, reorganize labor, focus on effective combination
of labor and robotics in each stage of production, helping to increase labor
productivity.
- Providing products towards the needs of consumers, promoting the development of
production and business solutions based on digitalization, integrating advanced
technology.

* Solutions for institutional and policy

- The Government sends delegations to study the experiences of Singapore, Japan and
Korea to apply to Vietnam.
- Develop and successfully implement the national strategy on improving Vietnam's
labor productivity with common and specific goals in each period so that Vietnam's
labor productivity catches up with other countries in the region.
- It is necessary to put enterprises at the center of innovation policies, create a policy
environment to support the improvement of technological capacity for enterprises in
order to increase labor productivity with new and high-tech products.
- Reform wage and wage policies according to market principles, in accordance with
wage increase and labor productivity increase. Enhance the care of the material and
spiritual life of employees in enterprises, especially workers in industrial parks.

* General solutions for the economy

- Maintain macroeconomic stability, promote economic restructuring associated with
innovation of growth models based on science, technology, knowledge and creativity.
- Strong development of processing, manufacturing and service industries; shifting
within the industry from labor-based production to technology-based, high-value-
added goods.
- Promote the socialization of investment in science and technology; fully develop
science and technology markets, enhance the efficiency of operation of technology
markets and technology transfer.
- Rapidly reduce the number of simple workers, increase the number of workers with
appropriate qualifications and skills by innovating training methods and programs,
combining theory and practice, vocational training in the direction of modernity.

3. The main reasons behind high productivity of Singapore

- Singapore prioritizes the development of a highly knowledgeable and skilled
workforce capable of operating and maintaining automated machines.
- Propose a productivity movement with the goal of fostering productivity
improvement activities at the national, industry, and corporate levels. Simultaneously,
the government launched a program to restructure the economy in order to promote
the growth of capital, technology, and activities with high added value.
- Innovate and develop products that are commercially viable. The Research,
Innovation, and Enterprise Plan 2016-2020 (RIE 2020) invested over $19 billion over
five years to support four strategic areas: advanced manufacturing and engineering,
medical and biomedical sciences, urban and sustainable solutions, services, and the
digital economy.
- Develop company's digital capabilities. Singapore encourages businesses to use
digital technologies to boost productivity and expand market opportunities.

4. The main reasons behind high productivity of Korea

- Thanks to a rigorous education system, Korea has an educated and dynamic
population that is the main reason for the explosion of high-tech industries, raising
labor productivity at the same time. rapid economic development.
- Hard work culture: Korea works an average of 2,739 hours per year, higher than
some developed countries.
- In the period of economic renewal and development, the country's new human
resource development strategy was also implemented and contributed to raising labor
productivity.
- Enterprises carry out restructuring and downsizing, as well as a boom in the real
estate sector.

5. The main reasons behind high productivity of Japan

- Japanese people work actively, self-discipline, high sense of responsibility
- Japan is said to have a high average annual economic growth rate. Japan has
maintained GDP growth, improved labor productivity, narrowed the development
gap, launched a movement to increase productivity to solve problems in a timely
manner.
- Japan used three important strategies to promote labor productivity: Total Quality
Management System, Total Productivity Maintenance (TPM) and Economical
Manufacturing or Continuous Improvement (Lean or Kaizen).
- Total Quality Management System (TQM) is a highly effective quality management
system. It is a method of quality management at all stages of an enterprise or
organization to increase productivity and efficiency. fruit. Japan has risen to great
heights and gained a global reputation thanks to its successful application of TQM.

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