DEVA Sir (NOTES)

SELECTIONS
Mallesham Devasane (Code: DEVA10)
www.Unacademy.com/@devagatecse
 DEVA Sir (NOTES)

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If statement:
Syntax:
if (condition)
{
//Statements if condition is true
}

The statements inside the body of “if” only execute if the given condition returns true.
 DEVA Sir (NOTES)

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Flow Diagram of if statement
 DEVA Sir (NOTES)

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Example of if statement:
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x = 20, y = 22;
if (x<y)
{
printf("Variable x is less than y");
}
printf(“\nEnd of the program”);
return 0;
}

Output:
Variable x is less than y
End of the program
 DEVA Sir (NOTES)

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if else… statement:
Syntax:
if(condition) {
// Statements inside body of if
}
else {
//Statements inside body of else
}
• If condition returns true then the statements inside the body of “if” are executed
• If condition returns false then the statements inside the body of “else” are executed.
 DEVA Sir (NOTES)

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Flow diagram
 DEVA Sir (NOTES)

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Example:
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x=10, y=20;
if(x>y)
{
printf(“x is greater");
}
else
{
printf(“y is greater”);
}
printf(“\nEnd of the program”);
return 0;
}
Output:
y is greater
End of the program
 DEVA Sir (NOTES)

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nested if:
• It is used when multiple conditions need to be tested.

Syntax:
if(condition1)
{
// statements of outer if
if(condition2)
{
//statements of inner if;
}
}

The inner statement will execute only when outer if statement is true otherwise control won't even
reach inner if statement.
 DEVA Sir (NOTES)

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Flowchart:
 DEVA Sir (NOTES)

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Example:
#include<stdio.h>
int main(){
int num;
printf("Enter a number\n");
scanf("%d", &num);
/* Outer if statement */
if(num < 500){
printf("First Condition is true\n");
if(num > 100){
printf("First and Second conditions are true\n");
}
}
printf(“End of the nested if\n");

getch();
return(0);
}
 DEVA Sir (NOTES)

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Output:
Enter a numbers
80
First Condition is true
End of the nested if
 DEVA Sir (NOTES)

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If else Ladder:
• It is used to test set of conditions in sequence.

Syntax:
if(condition1) {
statement1;
} else if (condition2) {
statement2;
} else if (condition3) {
statement3;
} else {
statement4;
}

• Particular if condition is tested only when all previous if conditions in if-else ladder is false.
• If any of the conditional expression evaluates to true, then it will execute the corresponding
code block and exits whole if-else ladder.
 DEVA Sir (NOTES)

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Flow Chart:
 DEVA Sir (NOTES)

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Example:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

int main(){
int marks;
printf("Enter your marks between 0-100\n");
scanf("%d", &marks);
/* if else ladder statement to print Student Grade */
if(marks >= 90){
/* Marks between 90-100 */
printf("YOUR GRADE : A\n");
}
else if (marks >= 70 && marks < 90)
{
 DEVA Sir (NOTES)

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/* Marks between 70-89 */
printf("YOUR GRADE : B\n");
}
else if (marks >= 50 && marks < 70){
/* Marks between 50-69 */
printf("YOUR GRADE : C\n");
}
else {
/* Marks less than 50 */
printf("YOUR GRADE : Failed\n");
}
getch();
return(0);
}
Output:
Enter your marks
96
YOUR GRADE : A
 DEVA Sir (NOTES)

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Go-To Statement:
• It is unconditional jump statement
• The control jumps directly to the label mentioned in the goto statement.
• The goto statement must be used within the same function where label is present.

Syntax:
goto label_name;
..
..
label_name: C-statements
 DEVA Sir (NOTES)

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Flow Diagram:
 DEVA Sir (NOTES)

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Example:
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int sum=0;
for(int i = 0; i<=10; i++){
sum = sum+i;
if(i==5)
{
goto addition;
}
}

addition:
printf("%d", sum);

return 0;
}
 DEVA Sir (NOTES)

Selections

switch...case Statement:
• If you are checking on the value of a single variable in if...else...if, it is better to use switch
statement.
• The switch statement is often faster than nested if...else (not always). Also, the syntax of
switch statement is cleaner and easy to understand.
 DEVA Sir (NOTES)

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Syntax:
switch (n)
​{
case constant1:
// code to be executed if n is equal to constant1;
break;

case constant2:
// code to be executed if n is equal to constant2;
break;
.
.
.
default:
// code to be executed if n doesn't match any constant
}
 DEVA Sir (NOTES)

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Flowchart:
 DEVA Sir (NOTES)

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Example1:
# include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char operator;
double firstNumber,secondNumber;
printf("Enter an operator (+, -, *, /): ");
scanf("%c", &operator);
printf("Enter two operands: ");
scanf("%lf %lf",&firstNumber, &secondNumber);
switch(operator)
{
case '+':
printf("%.1lf + %.1lf = %.1lf",firstNumber, secondNumber, firstNumber+secondNumber);
break;
case '-':
printf("%.1lf - %.1lf = %.1lf",firstNumber, secondNumber, firstNumber-secondNumber);
break;
 DEVA Sir (NOTES)

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case '*':
printf("%.1lf * %.1lf = %.1lf",firstNumber, secondNumber, firstNumber*secondNumber);
break;
case '/':
printf("%.1lf / %.1lf = %.1lf",firstNumber, secondNumber, firstNumber/firstNumber);
break;
// operator is doesn't match any case constant (+, -, *, /)
default:
printf("Error! operator is not correct");
}
return 0;
}

Output: Enter an operator (+, -, *,): -

Enter two operands: 32.5
12.4
32.5 - 12.4 = 20.1
 DEVA Sir (NOTES)

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Example2:
int main()
{
int num=2;
switch(n+2)
{
case 1:
printf("Case1: Value is: %d", num);
case 2:
printf("Case2: Value is: %d", num);
case 3:
printf("Case3: Value is: %d", num);
default:
printf("Default Value is: %d", num);
}
return 0;
}
Output: Default: value is: 2
 DEVA Sir (NOTES)

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Limitations of switch:
• Logical operators cannot be used with switch statement.
• The expression used in switch must be integral type ( int, char and enum)
• All the statements following a matching case execute until a break statement is reached.
• The default block can be placed anywhere.
• Two case labels cannot have same value