if you want to oxidise,

you need an oxidising agent

+2--> +3 [O]

kalau kamu perlu

pengoksidaan, kamu
perlu menambah agen
pengoksidaan
[O] agent
= Cl2, Br2,
acidified potassium manganate (VII)
(KMnO4)
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)
Acid (HNO3, HCl...)
 e- >>
circuit/litar

[O]
Br2 (brown) + e- --> Br- (colourless)

[O]
[O]

2Cr + 7(-2) = -2 Cr = +6 Cr = +3
Br2 << ox agent

Mg << red agent

Cl- / I-
>> halide ion
<< red. agent

^ e- - [O]
- red. agent/ agen penurunan
[R] ^ e-
[O] : Fe2+ --> Fe3+ Halide ion (I-)
ox. agent/agen - Br2 [R]
pengoksidaan - ox. agent /
agen
pengoksidaa
n
Br2 + e- --> Br-
FeSO4 - e- --> Fe3+
FeSO4 --> Fe3+ + 3e-
U-tube
-separate ox. agent and red. agent/pisahkan agen pengoks. dan agen penurunan
- complete circuit by allowing e- to pass/ melengkapkan litar dengan membenarkan
pemindahan ion berlaku

[O]
2I- - 2e- --> I2
2I- --> I2 + 2e-
[R]
Br2 + 2e- --> 2Br-
 oxidising agent/
agen pengoksidaan

-1 --> 0
0 --> -1

I- (colourless/Xwarna)
--> I2
(orange-brown/ Br2 (brown/perang) -->
jingga-perang) Br- (colourless/X warna)

+6

[R]

Cr2(SO4)3 = 0 y = +3 [o]
0 = 2(y) + 3(-2) > + oxidation no./no.
= 2y - 6 pengoksidaan
> - e-
> +O2
> -H2

Oxidising agent/agen pengoksidaan

(halide ion) Reducing agent/agen penurunan

 Agen penurunan/reducing agent = undergo oxidation
themselves

**must have [O] AND [R]

0 > +2
+2 > 0
-1 > 0
+1 > 0

halide ions
ion halide

[R]
> - [O] no.
> + e-
> -O2
> +H2
 anode (donate e- / derma e-)

Ag -> very non-reactive/sgt tidak

reaktif
Fe > Cu --> faster rusting/
pengaratan dipercepatkan

+ more electro+ = prevent rusting/

+ lebih elektro+ = cegah pengaratan

K
Na
Ca
Mg
Al
Zn
Fe
Sn
Pb
Cu
4e- + 2H2O + O2 --> 4OH-
2H2O + O2 + 4e- --> 4OH-

2Fe - 2e- --> Fe2+
2Fe --> Fe2+ + 2e-
+2 -> +3 = [O]
Need oxidising agent
Perlukan agen pengoksidaan
e.g
KMnO4 (acidified potassium
manganate (IV))
K2Cr2O7 (acidified potassium
dichromate (VI))
Br2 water / air bromin
- reducing agent//agen penurunan
other metals > Cu > Ag > Au > Hg