Pertemuan 1:

Definisi dan Sejarah Psikologi Industri dan Organisasi

(Definition and History of I/O Psychology )

PS 23022
Teori dan Aplikasi Psikologi Industri dan Organisasi
Faculty of Psychology
Universitas Tarumanagara
Agenda
• Introduction to I/O Psychology
o Definition of I/O Psychology
o Objectives of I/O Psychology
o History of I/O Psychology
o Mission of I/O Psychology
o Key Trends of I/O Psychology
What is Psychology?
• It is the scientific study of behaviour and mental processes

What is Industrial and Organizational (I/O) Psychology ?

• It is the branch of psychology
• It is the study of behaviour in work settings
• It is the application of psychology principles to change work behaviour
Two Objectives of I/O Psychology
• Conducting research as to increase knowledge so that human work
behaviour is understood
• Applying knowledge to improve work behaviour, work environment
and psychological conditions of workers

Scientist – Practitioner Model

History of I/O Psychology
Years Personnel Contributions
1908 Walter Dill Scott Studying salesperson and psychology of advertising
1911 Frederick W Taylor Study of work behaviour to increase productivity  time and motion
studies
1913 Hugo Munsterberg Personnel selection for jobs
1916 Lilian Gilbreth Turning work procedures more efficient
1919 Walter Dill Scott Setting up personnel consulting firm
1920 Robert Yerkes Creating intelligence tests for army recruitment  Army Alpha & Beta
1921 James McKeen Cattell Setting up psychological corporation
History of I/O Psychology (cont’d)
Years Personnel Contributions
1930 Elton Mayo Hawthorne experiment  a function of participants/ knowledge that they
are being observed and their expectations concerning their role as
research participant
The birth of human relations movement (emphasizing on the importance
of social factors in influencing work performance)
1940 - Soldier recruitment during World War II
1950 - The birth of human factor psychology/ergonomic
1960s - Research and practice in I/O Psychology
1964 - Banned discrimination in employment practices
Today - Understanding of the worker, work environment, and behaviour
Current I/O Psychology - Mission
Mission of current I/O Psychology:
To enhance human well-being and performance in organizational and
work settings by promoting the science, practice, and teaching of I/O
Psychology
Current Trend in I/O Psychology –
Key Trends in Work Settings
1st Trend: The Changing Nature of Work

• Organizational downsizing
o Reducing workforce to improve organizational efficiency

• Outsourcing
o Contracting with an external organization to accomplish tasks
Current Trend in I/O Psychology –
Key Trends in Work Settings (Cont’d)
2nd Trend: Expanding Focus on Human Resources

• Talent management
o Focus on value of workers

• Recruitment and selection procedures

o Attract and keep truly skilled workers

• Focusing work-life balance

o Implementing benefit program to retain workers
Current Trend in I/O Psychology –
Key Trends in Work Settings (Cont’d)
3rd Trend: Increasing Diversity and Globalisation of The Workforce

• More diversity of workforce and hence valuing of diversity

o This is due to globalization
o Reaching new markets
o Reduced organizational conflict
o Greater cooperation among workers
o Increased flexibility and innovation
Current Trend in I/O Psychology –
Key Trends in Work Settings (Cont’d)
4th Trend: Increasing Relevance of I/O Psychology in Policy and Practice

• Selecting and developing leaders

• Improving well-being of workers
• Leveraging workforce diversity
• Improving performance of workers
• Embracing positive change and be more innovative
Conclusion
• Introduction to I/O Psychology
o Definition of I/O Psychology
o Objectives of I/O Psychology
o History of I/O Psychology
o Mission of I/O Psychology
o Key Trends of I/O Psychology