Professional Documents
Culture Documents
BY
JEKHYUNG CHOI
LI JIANG
07 Dec 2016
Project no: 27
Abstract
The interactive LED coffee table was designed for both decoration and safety purpose. First, in
order to be a mean of decoration, the LEDs were designed to display different patterns and colors
based on object location and temperature. Second, when a hot object is placed, the LEDs will
glow red in order to warn the user of the high object temperature. The table uses wall plug-in
adaptor and voltage regulator to power every other modules of the product. The LEDs are
controlled by a microcontroller (MCU), which takes input from Infrared (IR) phototransistors
and thermopile temperature sensors.
Contents
1. Introduction.............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Statement of Purpose........................................................................................................................1
1.2 Functions...........................................................................................................................................1
1.3 Components......................................................................................................................................1
1.3.1 Microcontroller...........................................................................................................................1
1.3.2 LED Panel....................................................................................................................................1
1.3.3 Temperature Sensors..................................................................................................................2
1.3.4 IR Sensors...................................................................................................................................2
1.3.5 Power Supply..............................................................................................................................2
1.3.6 Knob and Toggle Switch..............................................................................................................2
2. Design......................................................................................................................................................3
2.1 Microcontroller..................................................................................................................................3
2.2 LED Panel and Driver.........................................................................................................................3
2.3 Temperature Sensor..........................................................................................................................5
2.4 IR Proximity Sensor............................................................................................................................6
2.5 Power Supply.....................................................................................................................................7
2.6 Knob and Toggle Switch.....................................................................................................................7
3. Design Verification...................................................................................................................................9
3.1 Power................................................................................................................................................9
3.2 Microcontroller..................................................................................................................................9
3.3 LED panel and LED control...............................................................................................................10
3.4 Thermopile and Op-amp..................................................................................................................10
3.5 IR Proximity Detection.....................................................................................................................10
3.6 Knob and Switch..............................................................................................................................11
4. Conclusion.............................................................................................................................................14
5.1 Accomplishments............................................................................................................................14
5.2 Uncertainties...................................................................................................................................14
5.3 Ethics Statement..............................................................................................................................14
5.4 Future Work.....................................................................................................................................14
References.................................................................................................................................................16
Appendix A: Requirement and Verification Table.....................................................................................17
1. Introduction
1.2 Functions
The coffee table with an LED dot matrix panel, which lights up around objects, which are placed
on the table surface, and changes LED color corresponding to objects’ temperature. LED color
changes corresponding to temperature of objects on table surface. Blue color for “cold” object
and red color for “hot” object. And red LED blinks for hot object that is over a dangerous
temperature to human’s skin.
1.3 Components
1.3.1 Microcontroller
This module receives analog data from sensors and sends commands to LED control module.
2.1 Microcontroller
Microcontroller (MCU) is the central module of the project. It is the interface, which communicates with
sensor module and LED control module. The MCU accepts analog input from thermopile temperature
sensors and IR phototransistors and outputs digital values to shift register and sink drivers to control LED
brightness and locations of LEDs to turn on. Also, the MCU sends command to relay, which was
designed to connect with IR LED circuit, so that the IR LED circuit can be entirely turned on/off.
IR phototransistors can detect 940nm IR light emitted from IR LEDs. So, when an object is placed above
the IR LED, the IR light will be reflected back and received by the IR phototransistors. There are 64 IR
phototransistors in total. Since there are not enough analog pins in MCU, multiplexers will be used to
select IR phototransistors’ output voltages and thus reduce the number of analog pins required for MCU.
Figure 8. Two 8:1 Multiplexers and one 2:1 Multiplexer Schematic
3.1 Power
All components in the system require 5V operating voltage. To verify the stable 5V output from
the power module, we used oscilloscope to measure the output voltage of voltage regulator. The
measured data stayed stably at 5.06V, which met the requirement. Also, since the entire system
requires maximum 4.6A total current to function properly, we wanted to verify the power
module’s capability of supplying stable voltage at high current sourcing rate. So, we connected
1.8Ω 10W power resistor in parallel with the power module. However, as the theoretical total
current in the system was only 2.78A, the output voltage of the power regulator decreased to
4.79V. We believe that the reason of this verification failure is that the total power of the power
resistor exceeded its maximum tolerable power value, Due to this fact, the real resistance of the
resistor will change and consequently the real total system current could go beyond 5A, which is
the maximum current tolerance of the voltage regulator chip.
3.2 Microcontroller
We designed to assembly Atmega328p chip on PCB board. However, because of the time limitation, we
had no chance to implement this part. So, instead, we used the Arduino Uno as microcontroller, which
performances the same software integration operations in previous design. Also, the microcontroller
module was designed to map the analog signal from thermopile to PWM digital values, which are used
for LED brightness control. Since the thermopile module did not work properly, we could not test the
microcontroller functionality without the appropriate input value.
3.3 LED panel and LED control
To test the LED panel and LED control, we wrote test code on Arduino IDE to select LED
coordinate and send commands to LED control module to turn the LED at this coordinate on.
Since shift register and three sink drivers are connected in daisy chain, in each test, we input
four-byte digital values in causal ordering and first three bytes, one byte for each LED color,
operated the column controlling of LED. And the last byte was sent to shift register to control
LED rows. During the verification, the issue we met was that the LED panel had short circuits
occasionally because of the touching of wires on the back of the LED panel. After we enlarged
the distances between each wire and stabilized them with electrical tape, the short circuit
problem was solved and LED panel worked properly. In other word, the LEDs at specific
coordinates were all turned on, according the commands from the microcontroller.
4.1 Parts
Part Part/ Model Number Unit Quantity Total
Cost
5.1 Accomplishments
The individual main modules of project was working as we designed at least on the breadboard.
The PCB board of MUX was working correctly right after we soldered and tested with High,
Low inputs generated from power supply. In Thermopile op-amp module, we successfully get
the stable voltage shifted value we expected and it didn’t change value with any external
difference such as changing breadboard to perfboard, poor soldering.
5.2 Uncertainties
We are uncertain how to catch the stable sensor voltage from thermopile at specific temperature.
Even though we were at the room temperature, the thermopile output voltage kept changing in
large range and sometimes the value went beyond the range from datasheet. We assume we
might need more accurate multimeter that measure precise value. Our project of LED idea
started developing with our TA Jacobs’ marvelous idea. We couldn’t get the perfect device that
we designed with current level experiment. However, after all, we believe that we can improve
this project and can be satisfied with our design in near future.
Power:
Requirements Verification
1. Connected with 12V 5A power supply, 1. Setup test program on Arduino IDE:
output 5V voltage when the system transistors. And then Turn on each
time.
Microcontroller:
Requirements Verification
Hardware: Hardware:
1. Mapping op-amp (0~5V) output 1. Use power supply in lab and provide a sweep
voltage range to Analog-to- voltage with 20mV each step, from 0V to 5V,
Digital-Converter resolution to ADC, and check if the decimal value in
(0~255). 5V/256 = 20mV/step. microcontroller increments by 1 for each
step.
Software: Software:
1. Handles all LEDs and sensors 1. Record a video. Upon receiving the uploaded
with low latency (6.67Mb/s code from Arduino IDE, the Arduino Uno’s
processing speed needed for indicator LED will flash, which means
processing all the LEDs and Arduino receives uploaded code and starts
sensors simultaneously with processing. So, we record the LED indicator
low latency), within 0.3 flashing time as starting time and record the
second reaction time. LED turn-on time as ending time, then the
difference should be within 0.3 second.
LED Panel and LED control:
Requirements Verification
1. Mapping temp sensor dynamic range to op- 1. Use power supply in lab and
amp output voltage. Temp sensor output provide a sweep voltage with
voltage range(-5mV,11mV) should be 0.3V step from -5mV to 11mV
mapped properly to (0V, 5V). So, the gain (simulate sensors dynamic
should be G = 312.5 ±10% with output range) to op-amp, and use
range of (-1.56V, 3.43V)±10%. Since the multimeter measure the output
original output voltage starts from negative voltage of op-amp. Verify if the
value, Voltage shifter of (+1.56V)±10% is gain is maintained at 312.5
needed. Output voltage goes into (0V, 5V) ±10%
±10%
IR Proximity Detection:
Requirement Verification
Knob (potentiometer) changes Place a light meter at a fixed location and direction to the
LED brightness accurately LED. Turn potentiometer from 0 degree to 360 degree.
corresponding to potentiometer For each 10-degree rotation, record the measured
angle. brightness value the of LED.
Relay turns whole IR LED matrix Place phototransistors facing directly to the IR LEDs and
on/off upon receiving check the phototransistor output voltage when relay is turn
microcontroller signal. on or off.
Requirement Summary:
Module Name High Level Requirement Points