Mie52146 3tref

Istrumentazioni Sistemi Automatici S.r.l.
VIA BERGAMO 35 - 21020 TAINO (VA) - ITALY

OFFICES TEL. +39.0331.956081 - FAX +39.0331.957091
LAB: TEL. +39.0331.956483 - FAX +39.0331.957405
E-MAIL isa@isatest.com
WEB www.isatest.com
DATE: 23/01/1999 DOC. MIE52146 REV.2
PORTABLE THREE-PHASE RELAY

TEST SET
MOD. 3/TRE-F
DOC. MIE52146 Rev. 1 Page 2 of 31
REVISIONS SUMMARY VISA

N PAGES. DATE
1 All 23/07/1998 Issued. Minor modifications with respect to the Lodi.
revision 51146.
2 25 23/01/1999 Added the test of reclosure Lodi.
SAFETY AT WORK........................................................................................................................................................ 4
APPLICABLE STANDARDS ......................................................................................................................................... 5
1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................................ 6
2 SPECIFICATION ........................................................................................................................................................ 6
2.1 CURRENT GENERATOR .............................................................................................................................................. 6
2.2 VOLTAGE GENERATOR .............................................................................................................................................. 7
2.3 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS .................................................................................................................................... 8
3 PROTECTIONS ........................................................................................................................................................... 9
4 USER'S GUIDE .......................................................................................................................................................... 10

4.1 CURRENT SOURCE ................................................................................................................................................... 10
4.1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................... 10
4.1.2 Three phase or differential tests ..................................................................................................................... 11
4.1.3 Test of relay threshold .................................................................................................................................... 11
4.1.4 Delay time measurement................................................................................................................................. 13
4.1.5 Connection to the voltage instrument ............................................................................................................. 15
4.2 VOLTAGE INSTRUMENT .................................................................................................................................. 16
4.2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................... 16
4.2.2 Voltage ranges................................................................................................................................................ 16
4.2.3 Phase adjustment............................................................................................................................................ 16
4.2.4 Over voltage protection .................................................................................................................................. 17
4.3 USE AS PHASE METER .............................................................................................................................................. 17
4.4 USE AS A THREE PHASE SHIFTER.............................................................................................................................. 17
4.5 TESTING HIGH BURDEN SINGLE - PHASE RELAYS ..................................................................................................... 18
4.6 D.C. VOLTAGE SUPPLY ............................................................................................................................................ 18
4.7 TEST OF FREQUENCY RELAY ................................................................................................................................... 18
4.7.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................... 18
4.7.2 Directions for use ........................................................................................................................................... 19
4.8 TESTING SYNCHRONISING RELAYS .......................................................................................................................... 21
4.8 TESTING DISTANCE RELAYS .................................................................................................................................... 23
4.9.1 Single phase fault............................................................................................................................................. 23
4.9.2 Three phase fault ............................................................................................................................................. 25
4.9.3 Test of reclosure .............................................................................................................................................. 25
5 LIST OF COMPONENTS ......................................................................................................................................... 28
5.1 CURRENT GENERATOR ............................................................................................................................................. 28
5.2 VOLTAGE GENERATOR ............................................................................................................................................. 30
SAFETY AT WORK
The Product hereafter described is manufactured and tested according to the

specifications, and when used for normal applications and within the normal electrical and
mechanical limits will not cause hazard to health and safety, provided that the standard
engineering rules are observed and that it is used by trained personnel only.
The operating manual is published by the Seller to be used together with the system
hereafter described. The Seller reserves the right to modify the manual without warning,
for any reason. This includes also but not only, the adoption of more advanced technological
solutions and modified manufacturing procedures. The Seller declines any difficulties arising
from difficulties due to unknown technical limitations. The seller declines also any
responsibility in case of modification of the instrument or of any intervention not authorized by
the Seller in writing.
The Product generates voltages and currents that may be lethal to the unadvertised user. Besides,
in order to avoid any danger in case of fault inside the Product, the device under test should have
the following characteristics:
. Connection cables must use safety banana plugs;
. Connection sockets must be not accessible;
. Input circuits must have an isolation degree at least equal to the one of the product.
The connection to ground is provided through the mains supply cable; however, for added
safety, the Product should be connected to ground using the dedicated socket.
In case of doubt, please contact your Seller. The Seller and Manufacturer decline any and all
responsibility due to improper usage, or any usage outside the specified limits.
APPLICABLE STANDARDS
The test set conforms to the EEC directives regarding Electromagnetic Compatibility and Low
Voltage instruments.
A) Electromagnetic Compatibility:
- Directive no. 89/336/CEE dated may 3, 1989, modified by the directive 92/31/CEE dated
may 5, 1992.
- Applicable Standards:
. EN 50081-2: Electromagnetic Compatibility - Generic Emission Standard - Part 2: industrial
environment;
. EN 50082-2: - Electromagnetic Compatibility - Generic Immunity Standard - Part 2: industrial
environment;
. EN 55011; Limits and measurement methods of radioelectric disturbances for industrial, medical
and scientific instruments at radioelectric frequencies;
. EN55013: Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance;
. IEC 1000-4-2: Immunity tests for ESD;
. IEC 1000-4-4; Immunity tests for high speed transients (burst);
. IEC 1000-4-8: Immunity tests for low frequency magnetic fields;
. EN 61000-3-2: Harmonic content of power supply;
. EN 61000-3-3: Fluctuations induced on the power supply;
. ENV 50140: EMC testing and measurement techniques;
. ENV 50141: Conducted disturbances induced by radio: immunity test;
. ENV 50204: Radiated electromagnetic field from digital radio telephones.
B) Low Voltage Directive:

- Directive n. 73/23/CEE, modified by the directive 93/68/CEE.
- Applicable standards, for a class I instrument, pollution degree 2, Installation category II:
. CEI EN 61010-1. In particular:
. dielectric Rigidity: 1.35 kV for 1 minute, between:

. Power supply;
. ground;
. current outputs;
. voltage outputs;
. auxiliary DC supply;
. input contacts.
-Inputs/outputs protection: IP 2X - CEI 70-1.
-Operating temperature: 0 - 45°C; storage: -25°C to 70°C.
- Relative humidity : 10 - 80% without condensing.
- Altitude: less than 2000 m.

1 INTRODUCTION
The portable three-phase test set type 3/TRE-F is suitable for testing any type of secondary
injection relay, including distance relays, only for single and three phase fault tests. It is possible to
adjust separately the voltage before and after test start; the amplitude change is performed without
loss of phase continuity.
The instrument can also be used as a phantom load for testing:

- Watt-hours meters and Wattmeters;
- Measuring converters;
- Ammeters - voltmeters - frequency meters - phase meters.
The instrument is housed in two heavy-duty aluminum sheet cases, equipped with carrying handles
and removable hinged covers, on which are located:
- A three phase current feeder, the d.c. voltage source and the timer;
- A three phase voltage feeder, with the phase shifter and phase meter.
2 SPECIFICATION
2.1 CURRENT GENERATOR
- Output ranges: 0.1 - 1 - 5 - 10 - 50 A per phase. Corresponding no load voltages: 150 - 50 - 14 -

14 - 3.5 V.
- Output connection: three phase output sockets plus three neutral sockets.
- Test mode switch selector of the following modes:

.. Three phase tests with a common neutral;
.. Differential tests, with outputs on sockets 1, 2 and 3, and adjustments of nominal branch currents
on phases 1 and 3, and of the differential current on phase 2. In differential mode, it is also
possible to move a jumper and to connect the relay to outputs 1 and 3, for single phase tests at
higher power.
- Output power (at 50 A): 150 VA per phase. With the selection of single phase test, the three
generators can be connected in series, for a total output power of 450 VA.
- Range selection: by three rotary switches, one per phase.
- Output adjustment: continuous, from zero to 120% of the selected range, by means of three knobs.
- Current measurement: by means of three digital instruments, with three digits displays. True RMS
is displayed. Accuracy: ±1% ±1 digit.
- Optical and acoustic over-range alarm.

- Digital electronic timer, with the following characteristics:
. Timer start: at test start or upon reception of Start input, switch selectable;
. Timer stop upon reception of Stop input;
. Characteristics of Start and Stop inputs:

.. Inputs do not have any common point, and are opto-isolated from the instrument at 2 kV
a.c.;
.. Type of input: either clean or under voltage. Input range 24 to 240V, a.c or d.c.;
.. Selection of voltage clean or under voltage inputs by two switches;
.. Inputs may be independently selected as Normal Open or Normal Close by two switches;
.. Inputs are connected by safety sockets;
.. Input protection. If the voltage free input is selected and a voltage is applied less than 240
V, the circuits are not damaged.
. Measurement range: 999.99 or 99.999 s, switch selectable.
. Capability to measure the delay between test start and trip input, or between start input and
stop input, or the duration of start input, switch selectable.
. Time reference: 10 MHz quartz oscillator, accuracy 100 ppM.
- Auxiliary output of start contact, that closes together with current injection.
- Current stop: manually or at timer intervention; switch selection.
- Test of over-current or under-current relays.
- Light to confirm the correct phase rotation.
- Auxiliary d.c. voltage source, available on sockets, with the following characteristics.
. Output range: 10 to 240 V d.c., with adjustment knob and three-digits voltage meter.
. Output stabilized within ±2 of the value ±0.2% of the range.
. Output power: maximum current 1 A; maximum power 35 W, on all voltage range.
. Self-protected against overloads.
. With switch selection, it is possible to have the d.c. output continuously available, or to
apply the output as the test starts, thus allowing the test of d.c. relays.
2.2 VOLTAGE GENERATOR
- Output ranges: 62,5 - 125 - 250 V (phase to neutral).
- Range selection: with a switch common to all phases.
- Output connection: on four safety sockets.

- Output adjustment: each output is independently adjustable from zero to 100% of the range, by
means of six knobs, two each phase: one to adjust the voltage before test start (pre-fault value); the
other to adjust the voltage after test start (fault value).
- Zero drop transition between healthy and faulty voltages; also phase is not affected.
- Output power: 50 VA at range voltage, with a p.f. between 0.8 and 1.
- Overload protection with automatic cutoff and LED signalisation.
- Output voltage measurement: by three digital instruments, with three digits display. True RMS is
displayed. Accuracy: ±1% of the reading ±1 digit.
- Voltage to current phase shift: by means of an electronic phase shifter; continuous phase
adjustable between zero and ±180°.
- Digital phase meter, with the following characteristics:

. Reading ±180°;
. Display: 6 mm high;
. Accuracy: ±1 degree ±1 digit, with output greater than 20% of the range;
. The measurement is performed on outputs I1 and V1.
- Frequency generator, that changes the frequency of phase V1 while other outputs stay at the mains
frequency. Main characteristics:
. Two separate adjustments: nominal and fault frequency;
. Nominal frequency: 50 or 60 Hz, switch selectable, with ± 0.5 Hz adjustment range;
. Fault frequency: two ranges: 40 to 60 Hz and 50 to 70 Hz, switch selectable;
. Fault frequency adjustment: by a multi-turns wheel;
. Switching from nominal to fault frequency is performed without change of voltage output;
. Frequency measurement in Hz, on the timer: switch selection;
. Frequency measurement accuracy: ± 20 mHz.
2.3 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
- Power supply:
. Five-pole cable: three phase plus neutral plus ground, provided with the instrument;
. Voltage supply: 230 V phase - neutral, corresponding to 400 V phase to phase;
. Frequency: 50 and 60 Hz;
. Maximum supply current: 2 A per phase (1 A single phase for the voltage generator alone).
. The unit comes also with a single - phase supply cable, in case the three phase supply is not
available. In this situation, current outputs are in phase; voltage outputs are three phase.
- The single phase supply of the voltage generator is taken from the current generator, by means of
the power cord provided. It is also provided a supply cable for the voltage generator alone.
- Weight:
. Current generator: 32 kg.
. Voltage generator: 27 kg.
- Dimensions:
. Current generator: 330 x 280 x 600 mm.
. Voltage generator: 330 x 280 x 600 mm.
3 PROTECTIONS
- Fuses on the mains.
- Fuses on the internal d.c. supplies.
- Alarm for current overload.
- Automatic cutoff for voltage overload.

4 USER'S GUIDE
4.1 CURRENT SOURCE
4.1.1 Introduction
WARNING: THE POWER SUPPLY MUST BE 400 V THREE PHASE (230 V PHASE TO
NEUTRAL), WITH NEUTRAL AND GROUND. THE SUPPLY CABLE HAS THE
FOLLOWING LEADS:
. THREE PHASE WIRES, MARKED 1 - 2 - 3;
. ONE NEUTRAL WIRE, BLUE, MARKED N;
. ONE EARTH WIRE, YELLOW - GREEN.
DO NOT EXCHANGE THE NEUTRAL WITH A PHASE, AS THIS WOULD DAMAGE

THE UNIT.
THE NEUTRAL MUST BE AVAILABLE; OTHERWISE, THE UNIT CANNOT OPERATE

AND COULD ALSO BE DAMAGED.
DO NOT FORGET TO CONNECT THE GROUND.
- To check the phase cycling push the push button with lamp (25): if it is right, the lamp turns on.
- The unit is powered on acting on the push button (54). Current is sent to the outputs via a breaker,
that is closed by pressing the push button (6) and opened by pressing the push-button with light (7).
- The selection of the current range is performed by means of three selectors (11), one for each
phase and with a zero position between two following ranges.
- The continuous adjustment from zero to 120% of the chosen range is available by means of three
knobs (9) one for each phase.
- The preset current values are available at sockets (16) with the following notes.
. At sockets market 1-2-3 are available three phase currents, while the sockets marked -Star Point-
is the star center of the three phase system.
. Socket N-3 is the neutral of third phase; socket N1-2 is the neutral of phases 1 and 2. These
sockets, for there phase and differential tests must be connected by means of the shunt on N3.
. The star center (Star Point) can be connected to the Neutral of the three phase current generator by
means of the shunt (15).
- The current adjustment can be performed independently on each phase only if the shunt (15) is
closed. The adjusted current values are indicated by the ammeters (13) one for each phase.
- Each current generator is provided with an over range circuit that operates whenever the current is
greater than 20% of each range. The operator is alerted by LED ! (36), that turns on, and by an
acoustic signal.
4.1.2 Three phase or differential tests
- The set can be used three phase tests, using it as described above and with the selector (23) set on
"three phase test". In the central zero position of the selector (23) the current circuit is open. If
differential tests are to be performed, the selector (23) must be set on "Differential" test and the
relay under test must be connected as shown in figure 1.
I1 Id I2
1 2 3
Figure 1: differential relay test
- In this case, phases 1 and 3 will be used for adjustment and measure of currents I1 and I2 while
phase 2 will be used for adjustment and measure of the differential current Id.
- The current adjustment is easier operating as follows. Adjust first currents I1 and I2 by means of
the corresponding knobs and simultaneously, that is adjust on the two ammeters the average value
of the two currents while keeping to zero the differential branch. After this, adjust the differential
branch at the desired value.
For instance: if the test is to be performed with I1 = 5 A and I2 = 4 A; Id = I1 - I2 =1 A. Adjust first

both I1 and I2 to the average value: I1 = I2 = 4.5 A ; next adjust Id to 1 A.
Currents on the three branches of the relay under test will automatically set to I1 = 5 A ; I2 = 4 A ;
Id = 1 A. Fine adjustments can be performed now by acting on separate adjustments.
4.1.3 Test of relay threshold
- Select the DELTA T measurement on switch (44), INT on switch (37), N.O on switch (42),
voltage clean on switch (55). Selection of switches (56) and (43) should correspond to the STOP
input. Next select switch (24) on MAN.
- The threshold measurement is only possible for the first threshold of the relay. To find the
threshold of the relay see figure 2a.
- To inject the current into the circuit press the ON push-button (6); the supply is confirmed by the
lighting of the indicator. The timer display (18) is started and on displays (13) will be indicated the
injected currents. Now slowly rotate the control knobs (9) to increase the current(s) on the phase(s)
under test until there is an intervention of the trip contact of the relay under test, shown on display
(18). On displays (13) will be indicated the threshold of the intervention of the protection. If the
current is then slowly reduced it is also possible to determine the current reset value.
I
Delay
Trip
Reset
thresh.
threshold
t
Stop Trip Reset
A) Overcurrent relay threshold
Reset
Trip
threshold
threshold
Delay
t
Stop Trip Reset
B) Undercurrent relay threshold
Figure 2: test of current relays
- To find the threshold of a minimum current relay see figure 2B. Inject the current into the circuit
by pressing the ON push-button (6); the supply is confirmed by the lighting of the indicator. Select
N.A. on switch (42): the timer display (18)does not start; on display (13) will be indicated the
injected current(s).
- Slowly rotate the control knob(s) (9) to increase the current until the nominal value is reached;
press the reset push-button (22): the timer starts.
- Now slowly reduce the current until the timer display (18) stops. On display (67) will be
indicated the threshold of the intervention of the protection. Select now N.C. on the switch (43) and
press the reset push-button (22): the timer starts again. If the current is then slowly increased, it is
also possible to determine the current reset value, indicated by timer stop.
- To stop the test, remove the injected current by pressing the OFF push-button (7). It is important
to remember not to inject a high current to the relay for an extended time so as not to overheat the
relay.
4.1.4 Delay time measurement
- The timer display (18) is located on the current source. It has a resolution of one hundredth or
one thousandth of second, according to the setting of switch (29). In addition are available a series
of sockets and switches that allow to use the time counter in all the test arrangements. The set of
possible selections is resumed in the flow here below.
N.O.
LEVEL
(42)
INT N.C.
T START
(37)
EXT FREE N.O.
TYPE LEVEL
(55) (42)
VOLTAGE N.C.
S METER.
(44)
TYPE N.O.
(30)
Hz LEVEL
(42)
INT N.C. FREE N.O.
∆T START STOP LEVEL
(37) (56) (43)
EXT FREE N.O. VOLTAGE N.C.
TYPE LEVEL
(55) (42)
VOLTAGE N.C.
- An external timer can be started together with current injection, using the N.O. contact of main
breaker, available on sockets (58).
- The current output may be cut either manually, pressing the push-button (7), or automatically, as
the relay trips. The selection is made on switch (24).
I - Timer Start and Stop inputs are

respectively connected to safety
sockets (40) and (41). Inputs can
independently be free of voltage or
FAULT
under voltage; the selection is
t performed on switches (55) and
Fault duration (56). The two inputs can
independently be Normal Open (no
A) Metering fault duration voltage) or Normal Closed (under
voltage); the selection is performed
on switches (42) and (43).
I - The timer can meter either the

delay between test start and Stop
inputs (or between Start and Stop
inputs, according to the selection
FAULT made on switch (37)), or the
duration of Start input. The
t
selection is performed on switch
Start
(44). Figure 3 shows time duration
Start input duration measurement; figure 4 shows trip
timing measurement.
B) Metering start input duration
Figure 3: Metering time duration

FAULT
Stop t
Trip delay
A) Overcurrent relay trip delay
FAULT
Stop t
Trip delay
B) Undercurrent relay trip delay
Figure 4: Metering time delays.
- In conclusion, the timer can meter:

(37) = INT; (44) = Delta t: delay between test start and Stop input;
(37) = INT; (44) = t: duration of applied current;
(37) = EXT; (44) = Delta t: delay between Start and Stop inputs;
(37) = EXT; (44) = t: duration of Start input.
- The timer reset is performed by pressing the push-button (22) that zeroes the displays (18) and
also resets the logic circuits.
NOTE: It is necessary to reset the timer before the test.
4.1.5 Connection to the voltage instrument
- On the current source instrument are provided the following connections to the voltage
instrument:
a) A plug - socket (17) for the connection of the current reference of phase 1 for the phase angle
measurement.
b) A plug - socket (2) of connection to the main voltage instrument breaker for the contemporary
test start with the current generator instrument and to supply the voltage instrument.
c) The plug (28) "TIMER" and "TO TIMER" for connection to the timer.
4.2 VOLTAGE INSTRUMENT
4.2.1 Introduction
- Power supply: from single phase mains, through the plug (1), or through the current set. The
frequency of the power supply is selectable by means of the selector switch (35) "50 Hz - 60 Hz".
- The voltage instrument, that is a three phase generator, is supplied by a single phase line because
it is provided of an electronic converter from single phase to three phase.
- The voltage instrument is completely free-standing and can be used as a three phase voltage
generator, the phase with respect to an external reference being adjustable as specified in the
following.
- When the instrument is connected to the current instrument by means of the plug (27), it is
possible to measure and adjust the phase angle between current and voltage sources as indicated
hereafter.
- Before operating it is necessary to set the switch (30) in "OFF" position (Frequency Generator
OFF"); after this, supply the internal electronic circuitry by pressing the "POWER" push-button (3).
4.2.2 Voltage ranges
- The voltage ranges are selected by means of the switch (16), that acts on all phases.
- These voltage supplies are available at sockets (17) respectively between 1 and Neutral; 2 and
Neutral; 3 and Neutral for phase voltages and between 1 and 2 and 3; for the phase to phase
voltages.
- The adjustment from zero to 100% of the range is performed separately for the nominal voltage
and for the faulty voltage. The adjustment of nominal voltage is performed by means of lower
knobs (13); the faulty voltage is adjusted by means of higher knobs (13). Knobs to be used are
shown by light (43).
- The values of the adjusted voltage are measures by the digital voltmeters (22), one for each phase.
The instruments display the phase voltages; differential voltages can be calculated multiplying the
reading by 1.73.
4.2.3 Phase adjustment
- After connection of the voltage instrument to the current source instrument it is possible to shift
the phase angle between voltage and current source in the range from 0° to ±180°, by means of the
phase shifter (11), after having selected the switch (18) in the position "Internal Voltage Phase
meter", and if the lamp (19) is out.
- The phase indication is readable on the displays (26) of the phase meter that measured the phase
angle between the current phase 1 and the voltage phase 1. When the phase angle indication in
positive (+) the current leads the voltage; the opposite with phase indication negative (-) the current
lags the voltage.
4.2.4 Over voltage protection
- The voltage instrument is provided with electronic three phase sensor that protects automatically
against overloads or short circuits. The protection operates whenever the load on any phase is
greater then 50 VA, by cutting all outputs.
- The protection intervention is indicated by the light (25). To reset it, after having removed the
intervention cause, it is necessary to press the push-button (21).
- Occasionally the protection can be actuated due to current transitions when the instrument is
inserted; in such instances it is enough to press the push-button (21) to have the instrument
operational.
4.3 USE AS PHASE METER
- The phase meter (26) can be used also to measure the phase angle between two sinusoidal
voltages. To this purpose, proceed as follows:
a) Supply the instrument by means of the push-button (3).
b) Set the switch (18) in the position "External Voltage Phase Meter"; lamp (19) turns on.
c) The first external voltage may have two ranges: from 10 to 250 V, or from 0,5 to 3 V (case of
voltage drop on a current shunt). For the first range, set the switch (37) on V1, and connect the
input to sockets (36): the black one is the common point. For the second range, set (37) on Vin, and
connect the input to the plug (27), as shown in figure 5.
Vin Vin
1 N
Figure 5: use as phase meter
d) The other external voltage is connected between phase 1 and N (Neutral) (17) and must have a
value from 20 to 100% of the voltage range selected on switch (16).
The phase angle between the two voltage is shown on the display (26) . A positive phase angle is
when the first reference leads the voltage connected to the phase 1 and Neutral.
4.4 USE AS A THREE PHASE SHIFTER
- When it is necessary to use the voltage instrument as three phase shifter, set it up as follows:
a) Connect the voltage instrument to the supply 230 V - 50 Hz or 60 Hz selectable by means the
plug socket (1).
b) Supply it by pressing the push-button (3).
c) Connect the reference input, with respect to which it is desired to shift the three phase voltage
outputs, to the plug (27).
d) Shunt the main breaker by means of the push button (24).
e) Make sure that the selector (18) is the position "INT ".
f) Select the nominal voltage by means of switch (16) and adjust the three phase voltages to the
desired values by means of the knobs (13).
g) Using the phase shifter (11) it is possible to rotate the three voltage supply in the range from 0°
to ±180° with respect to the reference, with reading on display (26) and the same sign convention
mentioned above.
NOTICE : Before starting a test and before changing a voltage or current range, rotate to zero
(completely counter clockwise) both current and voltage regulating knobs.
4.5 TESTING HIGH BURDEN SINGLE - PHASE RELAYS
To perform the test of high-burden single phase relays, it is possible to put in series the three
outputs, so that the power output is three times the output of a single generator. To perform the test,
act as follows:
- Select the "differential" test on switch (23).
- Connect the neutral N3 to the socket 2 instead of neutral N1-2, using the shunt on N3.
- Connect the relay under test to the sockets 1 and 3.
- Select on all phases the same current range. The three instruments will show the same output can
be made on any phase independently; however, it is advisable to distribute the load among the
three generators.
4.6 D.C. VOLTAGE SUPPLY
- The d.c. Voltage source is provided in case the relay under test requires an auxiliary power
supply.
- The output is available at the screw terminals (33) and the magnitude of the voltage is displayed
on the meter (32). The desired voltage is obtained by adjusting the knob (27).
- It is also possible to use the auxiliary power supply to test response time of a d.c. relay. To this
purpose it is provided the switch (26), that in position ON-OFF allows to apply the d.c. output
together with timer start up; in position ON the voltage is applied continuously.
4.7 TEST OF FREQUENCY RELAY
4.7.1 Introduction
- The test set is suitable for single phase testing of frequency relays. The frequency generation is
available on phase 1 of the voltage box. The frequency range is 40 to 70 Hz. The measurement of
frequency is performed by the timer, that becomes a frequency meter with an Hz scale and
resolution of 0.01 Hz.
- The test is performed as follows:

. Adjust the nominal frequency (50 or 60 Hz).
. Once selected the type of test to be performed, i.e. maximum or minimum frequency, adjust the
frequency at which the relay shall intervene.
- It is also possible to test the response time from the frequency switch to the relay intervention.
- During the test the relay is powered with nominal voltage amplitude; as the frequency changes
only a change of frequency is performed, while the voltage does not change (see figure 6).
Test start
A) Output voltage t
Hz
(70) 60 Upper limit
Start Dynamic frequency
(63) 53 step-up
(60) 50
Timer
Relay delay time

t
B) Over relay
Hz
(60) 50
Start Dynamic frequency
(57) 47 step-down
(50) 40 Lower limit
Timer
Relay delay time

t
C) Under relay
Figure 6: test of frequency relay
4.7.2 Directions for use
- Connect the voltage box to the current box, and this later to the mains, but without pushing the
push-button (6).
Power supply
1 2 3 N
Connection for
frequency mode
1 1
2 27
17 29
28
Current box Voltage box

Figure 7: connections for frequency relay tests
- Connect the timer (current box) to the voltage box, with the female socket (28) that shall be
connected to the male socket (29) of the voltage box.
- Set the switch (30) of the current box to "Hz".
- Set the switch (34) to the desired nominal frequency, and the switch (40) in position ">fN" or
"<fN", according to the type of relay under test.
- Connect the input sockets of the relay under test to sockets 1-N (17).
- Power on the test set pushing the push-button (3) and (24). Set the switch (30) of the voltage box
to the position "ON" and the switch (39) on "OFF".
- Adjust the voltage applied to the relay with the knob (13) of first phase and adjust the nominal
frequency (of 50.00 or 60.00) with the fN knob (38).
- In order to verify the value of frequency at which the relay intervenes, put the switch (39) on
"ON" and, with the 10-turns knob (31) adjust the frequency to the desired value. The following
table 1 resumes the values of frequency obtainable with knob (31), in function of switches (34)
and (40).
Nominal frequency >fN <fN

50 Hz 50 to 60 Hz 50 to 40 Hz
60 Hz 60 to 70 Hz 60 to 50 Hz
TABLE 1 - Frequency ranges
- After this, it is possible to measure the intervention time of the relay under test, as follows.
. Set the switch (39) to "OFF", the frequency shown is the nominal one.
. Set switch (30) of the timer of the current box to "s".
. Connect a free contact of the relay under test to sockets (19) of above timer.
. Reset the timer to zero.
. Run the test setting the switch (39) to "ON". The intervention of the relay will stop the timer that
will show the intervention time.
4.8 TESTING SYNCHRONISING RELAYS
- The test of synchronizing relays is performed using two voltages (figure 8). Three tests must be
performed:
. Amplitude;
. Phase;
. Frequency.
Syncronising relay
Black clip
Power supply Cable
1 1
2 27 1 2 3 N
28 29 ϕ°
30
Hz Hz ϕ°
30
Current box Voltage box
Figure 8: test of synchronizing relays
- One of the voltages can be obtained directly from phase 2 or 3 and will be at mains frequency. The
other voltage must be obtained from phase 1, with the frequency generator switched on and the
nominal frequency adjusted to the same value as the supply frequency.
- It is possible to use the phase shifter to modify the phase angle between outputs V2 and V3 with
respect to the mains, and therefore with respect to output V1, as it is independent from the mains.
- The measurement of the phase angle between V1 and V2 (or V3) and V1, connect V2 (or V3) to
socket (27) to act as a reference for the phase meter, via the cable with hooks provided. Make sure
to connect to zero the black hook (see figure 8).
- This technique for testing synchronizing relays relies on the ability of the operator to set the
variable frequency of phase V1 to the same value as the mains frequency so that the phase angle
between phase V1 and phase V2 does not change too fast. Once this stable condition has been
reached the relay must be tested relatively quickly before fluctuations in the mains frequency upsets
the balance.
- Once the two frequencies are adjusted at the same value, proceed as follows.
A) The amplitude sensitivity is tested by setting the phase angle to zero, and then changing the
amplitude of an input until the relay trips. TAKE CARE AS THE FREQUENCY DIFFERENTIAL
CAUSES A PHASE SHIFT: ADJUST THE ANGLE AT ZERO JUST BEFORE TEST START.
B) The phase sensitivity is tested by setting the same (nominal) amplitude on both phases, and then
shifting the phase angle until the relay trips. TAKE CARE AS THE FREQUENCY
DIFFERENTIAL CAUSES A PHASE SHIFT: ADJUST THE ANGLE AT THE DESIRED
VALUE AND START THE TEST.
C) The frequency sensitivity is tested by setting the same amplitude, and the phase angle to zero.
The test starts switching the frequency to the preset fault value. The relay must trip before the two
voltages shift of a phase angle greater than the maximum of test B). If not so, preset another fault
frequency and repeat the test after zeroing the phase angle. TAKE CARE AS THE FREQUENCY
DIFFERENTIAL CAUSES A PHASE SHIFT: ADJUST THE ANGLE AT ZERO JUST BEFORE
TEST START.
4.8 TESTING DISTANCE RELAYS
- The test of distance relays can be performed simulating single phase or three phase faults only. In
phase to phase faults, faulty voltages change amplitude and phase: this cannot be simulated as phase
to phase angles are not adjustable.
- Before starting the test, adjust pre-fault voltages at the nominal value, VN (57.8 V for 100 V
nominal voltage).
- Start the test and adjust current, voltage and phase as explained below.
4.9.1 Single phase fault
1) Fault current
The current should be adjusted only on the faulty phase (1, 2 or 3), at a value greater than the zero
voltage starting current IV0, and smaller than IMAX, that can be computed as follows. Given: VN
nominal phase voltage; KoL module of the homopolar line coefficient; Zmax, maximum impedance
to be tested (secondary side), IMAX is:
IMAX = VN/ (Zmax*(1+KoL))
2) Fault voltage
Adjust the fault voltage of the faulty phase (1, 2 or 3), at a value Vg corresponding to the zone limit
setting, as follows:
Vg = Z*Ig*(1+KoL)
Adjust VN on other phases.
3) Phase angle
Adjust the current to voltage phase angle to the desired value. Be careful because:
. The voltage to current angle is NEGATIVE (inductive load) while the angle in the R-X plane is
POSITIVE;
. If the distance relay is set on the Busbar, the angle should be reversed by 180°.
Once adjustments have been performed, stop the test, reset the timer and start it again. Check the
trip time, and decide whether the fault voltage should be increased or reduced in order to find the
zone limit, that is the value for which zone is changed. Once a limit has been found, repeat the test
for other zone limits.
The percent error on the limit voltage Vl is also the percent error on the impedance, that is
computed from the formula:
Z = Vl/(Ig*(1+KoL))
Voltage and current vectors are modified during the test as shown in the following figure.
V R N
V −ϕ
R
IR
V T
V S
Example. Let us assume that the distance relay to be tested has the following settings at line angle
(75°).
LIMIT ONE TWO THREE STARTER

IMPEDANCE 0.2 0.4 1 2
Ohm
TIMES 0.05 0.3 0.6 1.2
S
Let us assume: KoL = 1; IV0 = 2.5 A; VN = 57.8 V (100 V). Maximum test current is:
IMAX = 57.8/(2*(1+1)) = 14.4 A.
We choose Ig = 8 A; corresponding voltages are:

V1 = 3.2 V;
V2 = 6.4 V;
V3 = 16 V;
VAVV = 32 V.
We adjust the current of I1 to 8 A; the V-I phase angle is -75° (CT side) or 105° (Busbar side); V1
fault voltage is 3.2 V; V2 and V3 are 57.8 V. We start the test.
If trip time is 0.05 s we slightly increase V1 and start again, until trip time becomes 0.3 s: let us
assume that V1 is 3.53 V. This means that first zone limit is 0.22 Ohm; the error is + 10%.
If instead trip time is 0.3 s we slightly reduce V1 and start again, until trip time becomes 0.05 s: let
us assume that V1 is 3 V. This means that first zone limit is 0.186 Ohm; the error is -7%.
Test continues with the following fault voltages, until all limits are tested. The starter limit is found
between 1.2 s trip time and no trip. This limit can also be found starting the test with V1=VN, and
lowering V1 until the relay trips. If the starter is an overcurrent one, the test is performed as a time
independent overcurrent relay, but test voltage will be 0 V for the test of IV0, and the VN for the
test of IVN.
The test can continue as follows:

. Test the same settings, with faults on phases 2 and 3;
. Test other settings at different fault phases.
4.9.2 Three phase fault
With respect to the single phase fault, test values are:

. The maximum test current IMAX is:
IMAX = VN/Zmax
. Test voltage becomes:
Vg = Z*Ig
. The phase angle does not change;

. The fault impedance corresponding to the limit voltage Vl is:
Z = Vl/Ig
The test is executed setting the same current on all phases, and the same fault voltage on all phases.
Voltage and current vectors are modified during the test as shown in the following figure.
V R N
V
I
T
R
−ϕ I
R
V
T V
S
V T N I S
V
S N
4.9.3 Test of reclosure
With either types of fault, it is possible to test the associated reclosure.
Test 1: Timing from relay trip to reclose command.
This test is performed with the selection external timer start, and with the trip command connected
to timer start and the close command connected to timer stop. A difficulty comes from the fact that
the fault is not automatically released as trip command is connected to timer start and not to timer
stop. The problem can be overcome performing the test in the following way.
SWITCH SELECTIONS
. Timer START: EXT (37);

. Fault release: MAN (24);
. Time measurement: dt (44);
. Timer stop: Normal Open (43).
TEST PROCEDURE
. Connect the TRIP command to timer START input (40), and CLOSE command to timer STOP
input (41).
. Set for the moment the timer start (42) as Normal Open.
. Start the test applying the selected fault values pressing the ON pushbutton (6): the timer starts as
soon as the relay trips.
. Modify the Timer Start level to N.C. and press the timer Reset button (22): the timer stops as the
relay sees the fault.
. Press the test OFF pushbutton (7): the fault is removed, and the timer starts as soon as the relay
resets and the TRIP command is removed.
. When the reclosure issues the CLOSE command, the timer stops and displays the TCL delay.
FAULT
TRIP
CLOSE
TCL
TEST OF RECLOSE DELAY
Test 2: Reclose command duration
This test is performed with the selection external timer start, and with the CLOSE command
connected to timer stop. The only difficulty comes from the fact that the it is necessary to remove
manually the fault in order to receive the CLOSE command.
SWITCH SELECTIONS
. Timer START: EXT (37);

. Fault release: MAN (24);
. Time measurement (44): select t (duration).
. Timer start: Normal Open (42).
TEST PROCEDURE
. Connect the CLOSE command to timer START input (40).

. Start the test applying the selected fault values pressing the ON pushbutton (6): the timer does not
start.
. Press the test OFF pushbutton (7): the fault is removed, and when the reclosure issues the CLOSE
command, the timer starts and stops and displays the CLD delay.
FAULT
CLOSE
DCL
TEST OF CLOSE COMMAND DURATION

5 LIST OF COMPONENTS
5.1 CURRENT GENERATOR
1 2 17 28 16 32 33 55
40
41
39 58
13 999 999 999 999 56
36
4
43
11
44
42
9 9 9. 9 9 18
30
9 20
22
3
29
59 27 26 25 54 7 6 23 37 24
1) Plug for the power supply.

2) Supply socket for voltage box.
3) Fuse of auxiliary d.c. supply, type F 2A.
4) Fuses power supply, no. 3, type T 3A.
5) Main breaker.
6) Test start push-button.
7) Test stop push-button.
9) Regulators of current circuit.
10) Transformer to supply the current circuit.
11) Selectors of current ranges.
12) Current shunts.
13) Digital current meters.
14) Measure converter.
16) Output current sockets.
17) Plug to connect the phase meter.
18) Timer displays.
19) Timer.
20) Fuse to protect the timer supply, type F 0.25A.
21) Timer circuit A2.
22) Timer reset push-button.
23) Output selector switch.

24) Switch for automatic output cutout.
25) Push-button for phase sequence indication.
26) Switch to select the d.c. voltage at test start.
27) Knob to adjust the auxiliary d.c. voltage.
28) Plug to connect the timer to the voltage box.
29) Switch to select the timer range.
30) Time/frequency switch selector.
31) ± 5 V.d.c. supply.
33) Voltage output sockets.
35) Over range circuit.
36) Led of the over range circuit.
37) Switch to select the internal or external timer start.
39) Ground terminal.
40) Plug for timer start.
41) Plug for timer stop.
42) Switch to select the N.O. or N.C. level of Start.
43) Switch to select the N.O. or N.C. level of Stop.
44) Selection of time duration or timer interval.
45) Auxiliary d.c. supply.
53) Phase sequence circuit.
54) Mains breaker.
55) Switch to select a voltage clean or under voltage Start input.
56) Switch to select a voltage clean or under voltage Stop input.
58) Auxiliary main breaker contact.
59) Fuse of d.c. voltage output, type F 1A.
5.2 VOLTAGE GENERATOR
1 27 29 17 19 18 36 37
41
22 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
± 1 8 0 26
30
40
34
2
38
5 11
31
6
39 25
43 13 16 35 3 24 21
1) Socket for the supply from the power supply or from the current box.
2) Fuse to protect the power supply, type T 8A.
3) Power on switch.
5) Fuse to protect the ± 25 V D.C. supply, type T 5A.
6) Fuse to protect the ± 5 V D.C. supply. Type T 0.5A.
7) ± 25 V power supply.
8) ± 15 V stabilized power supply.
9) ± 5 V power supply.
10) Fan for the power amplifier.
11) Phase regulator.
12) Single-three phase converter.
13) Pre-fault and fault voltage regulators.
14) Power amplifier.
15) Transformer for the voltage ranges.
16) Selector of voltage range.
17) Output voltage sockets.
18) Switch for using phase angle meter between two extern circuits.
19) LED indicator extern circuit voltage phase angle meter.
20) Main breaker.
21) Indicator to automatic overload protection inserted.
22) Voltmeters.
23) Measure converters.
24) Main switch.
25) Indicator to automatic overload protection inserted.
26) Electronic phase meter FAD/1.
27) Socket for the connection of the current box (current circuit phase meter).
28) Automatic overload protection circuit.
29) Plug to connect the electronic digital timer.
30) ON - OFF frequency generator switch.

31) Variable frequency regulator.
32) Frequency generator.
33) Measure of the frequency.
34) Selector of frequency range.
35) Selector for the frequency of the power supply (50 or 60 Hz).
36) Sockets for voltage V1 circuit phase meter.
37) Voltage range switch for circuit phase meter.
38) Fine adjustment of the 50 or 60 Hz.
39) START - STOP frequency test switch.
40) OVER - UNDER frequency relay switch.
41) Ground terminal.
42) Voltage switch circuit.
43) LED to display the selected adjustment knobs.
44) Overvoltage relay.

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Istrumentazioni Sistemi Automatici S.r.l.

VIA BERGAMO 35 - 21020 TAINO (VA) - ITALY

DATE: 23/01/1999 DOC. MIE52146 REV.2

PORTABLE THREE-PHASE RELAY

REVISIONS SUMMARY VISA

APPLICABLE STANDARDS ......................................................................................................................................... 5

4 USER'S GUIDE .......................................................................................................................................................... 10

The Product hereafter described is manufactured and tested according to the

B) Low Voltage Directive:

. dielectric Rigidity: 1.35 kV for 1 minute, between:

-Inputs/outputs protection: IP 2X - CEI 70-1.

-Operating temperature: 0 - 45°C; storage: -25°C to 70°C.

- Relative humidity : 10 - 80% without condensing.

- Altitude: less than 2000 m.

The instrument can also be used as a phantom load for testing:

2.1 CURRENT GENERATOR

- Output ranges: 0.1 - 1 - 5 - 10 - 50 A per phase. Corresponding no load voltages: 150 - 50 - 14 -

- Test mode switch selector of the following modes:

- Range selection: by three rotary switches, one per phase.

- Optical and acoustic over-range alarm.

- Digital electronic timer, with the following characteristics:

. Timer stop upon reception of Stop input;

. Characteristics of Start and Stop inputs:

. Measurement range: 999.99 or 99.999 s, switch selectable.

. Time reference: 10 MHz quartz oscillator, accuracy 100 ppM.

- Current stop: manually or at timer intervention; switch selection.

- Test of over-current or under-current relays.

- Light to confirm the correct phase rotation.

2.2 VOLTAGE GENERATOR

- Output ranges: 62,5 - 125 - 250 V (phase to neutral).

- Range selection: with a switch common to all phases.

- Output connection: on four safety sockets.

- Output power: 50 VA at range voltage, with a p.f. between 0.8 and 1.

- Overload protection with automatic cutoff and LED signalisation.

- Digital phase meter, with the following characteristics:

2.3 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS

- Fuses on the mains.

- Fuses on the internal d.c. supplies.

- Alarm for current overload.

- Automatic cutoff for voltage overload.

4.1 CURRENT SOURCE

DO NOT EXCHANGE THE NEUTRAL WITH A PHASE, AS THIS WOULD DAMAGE

THE NEUTRAL MUST BE AVAILABLE; OTHERWISE, THE UNIT CANNOT OPERATE

DO NOT FORGET TO CONNECT THE GROUND.

4.1.2 Three phase or differential tests

For instance: if the test is to be performed with I1 = 5 A and I2 = 4 A; Id = I1 - I2 =1 A. Adjust first

4.1.3 Test of relay threshold

A) Overcurrent relay threshold

B) Undercurrent relay threshold

Figure 2: test of current relays

4.1.4 Delay time measurement

I - Timer Start and Stop inputs are

I - The timer can meter either the

B) Metering start input duration

Figure 3: Metering time duration

A) Overcurrent relay trip delay

B) Undercurrent relay trip delay

Figure 4: Metering time delays.

- In conclusion, the timer can meter:

4.1.5 Connection to the voltage instrument

4.2 VOLTAGE INSTRUMENT

4.2.2 Voltage ranges