CHAPTER, 5 Physical Fitness, Health and Wellness LEARNING OBJECTIVES After completion of the chapter, students will learn and will be able to know about the: 5.1 Meaning and Types of Health 5.2. Importance of Health 5.3. Traditional Sports and Regional Games for Promoting Wellness 5.1 MEANING AND TYPES OF HEALTH If we have a glance at the world, we come to know that most of the people are unaware about health, The situation is more pitiable in developing and Due to this unawareness of people regarding health, most communicable diseases. In such tion is not a bed of underdeveloped countr of the people of the world are affected by variou prevailing conditions, the dream of World Health Organis roses. ‘The amelioration and welfare of a country depends upon the health of its citizens. If the citizens of a country are healthy then that country is sure to make the apex mark in every facet of life. We have lots of examples in the history of sports, where health was considered an essential part of life. Many people achieved highest mark in various fields and onabled their countries to win laurels and glory at a the international level. Therefore, Emerson say: “The first wealth is health.’ But it is a matter of regret that we have not recognised its importance &\¥ so far, Many people have heard the term ‘Health’, ax but they are not well aware of it, In fact, they misunderstand the word ‘Health’ xe The word ‘Health’ is derived from middle English word ‘heelth’ that means hale and hearty. Some people regard ‘Health’ as the mere absence Hoalth emblem of disease, Some of them consider that health is the beautification of body. Some treat health as the physical capacity to do work. But, if we look at health in broad spectrum, we will realise theactual meaningofhealth 1. The Dictionary meaning of ‘Health’ is the state of being hale and sound it body, mind or soul especially free from physical disease or pain. lth. 1 Hrauri ANp PrysicaL Epucation—Xt SanasiIn the words of J.F. William, Health is the quality of life that enables the individual to live most and serve best. 1 3, Inthe words of Siddalingaiya, Health aims at making growth more perfect, life more vigorous, decay less rapid and death more remote. : 4, According toW.A. Yeager, One's ideal of health should be the highest realisation ofhis physical, mental and spiritual possibilities rather than mere freedom from diseases and deformities.’ 5. According to Voltmer and Esslinger, Health is considered as that condition of mental and physical state in which individual is functionally well adjusted internally as concern of body parts and externally as concern of environment. 6. According to the World Health Organisation, Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. This description has often been criticised as being too vague. Further it describes an ideal state rarely attained by most people and it contains no ingredients that can be readily measured or counted but even then it is regarded as the most suitable definition of health. In 1986, the World Health Organisation made further clarifications: “Health is a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living. Health is a jpsitive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical apacities.” In 2009, researchers publishing in “The Lancet” defined health as the ibility of a body to adapt to new threats and infirmities. ‘Thus, it can be concluded that health comprises growth and development, proper functioning of each organ and system, physical strength and vigour, resistance to disease and endurance to work, and absence of deformities and illness of various types. In a broad spectrum, we can say that health is not merely physical health but it also includes social, mental, moral, and emotional health. Types of Health There are various types/aspects/dimensions of health such as physical health, mental health, social health, emotional health, spiritual health and financial health. These | weattH—— ypes of healt nked with one another. 4 2 2 linkes e : alth are os 2 [> Physical Health |-> Mental Health [> Social Health |» Emotional Health }—> Spiritual Health All these types of health are i fora ay person. It means that a person Ly Financial Health person only if he is Sypes lof Hea can be called a healthy not Tacking in any one af ‘These types of health ce types of h alth influence health is given below: i : 1, Phyo Teor All the physiological organs of a physically healthy person should work efficiently. ‘The physical health of any person depends pon many factors such as biological, environmental, socio-cultural factors f the types of health. pend completely on one another. In addition to this, these ‘one another. The detailed explanation of various types of SurrLementary Bookincluding balanced diet, body weight according to height, skin colouy, eyes, clean skin and beautiful hair, ete. Physically unhealthy porentht not only a burden on him/herself, but he/she is a burden on his/heg gy society and nation also, Such a person cannot contribute to the de: of a nation, A physically healthy person does not feel fatigue, when ni performs any physical activity. So, for the proper development of physiet health, a person should pay special attention towards the following points (i) He should take nutritious food according to the body requirement tg energize the body. (ii) He should never skip breakfast or meals, and not indulge in overeating (iii) He should take enough water for cleansing the body. ; (iv) He should take part in regular physical exercises. It will increase his immunity level against diseases. (v) He should undergo the regular medical check-up. In this way, can be checked at an early stage. family, velopment 0 disease (vi) He should take sound sleep for at least 7 hours without any interruption, (vii) He should avoid addictive substances. Mental Health. Physical health is incomplete without mental health. Mental health is related to mind's happiness, satisfaction and peace. It means one is free from stress and tension. In this modern age, every person is surrounded by stress, tension and anxiety. Consequently, due to this problem, mental deformities are evolved in him. He becomes mentally ill. Mental illness further tells upon physical health. With the passage of time, a person loses his efficiency to do physical work. If a person's mental health remains ina good state, the coordination between mental health and physical health also remains good. [n this way, mental and physical health influence each other. For proper mental health the stress must be laid down on following points: (i) Stress and tension should be avoided by performing relaxative exer (ii) While setting the goals, one should keep in mind that they should be realistic ones. (iii) Eyery opportunity must be explored with an open mind. (iv) Always have a positive outlook especially when dealing with conflic () Enjoy life. (vi) Feel safe and secure. Social Health, Social health depends upon social security of a person. Ifa cure, he/she cannot he socially healthy. In today’s progressive mily as well as social life has been changed to a great extent Our changing soci fe is also influencing our physical and mental health. Along with this, our physical health and mental health are also influencing our social health persistently. The social health depends upon various factors like health services, pension, gratuity, life insurance and provident person is not age, our Sanaswatt Heaurn anp Puysicat. Epucarion-XTe fund, ete. A socially healthy person remai self-dependent, principled and aware. He/she has a positive as well as creative attitude towards life. For proper social health a person should lay stress on the following points: @ One should increase one’s ability to interact with people and their ideas. i) One should try to accept and understand diverse cultural norms, (ii) Try to build networks among different kinds of people. (iv) Try to adapt a positive self-image. (v) Try to enhance interpersonal communication skills. . Emotional Health. A person can be called an emotionally healthy person, if he is able to have control over his emotions such as fear, anger, joy or happiness, sorrow, defeat and win, jealousy, etc. He must have a proper control over his emotions. An emotionally healthy person has a controlled behaviour in every situation. In fact, our ability to accept and cope with our own and other’s feelings is defined as emotional well being. Emotions contribute to almost all aspects of our life, at times, even setting course of actions. Emotionally unstable persons may have various symptoms like hopelessness, depression, anxiety and even suicidal tendencies. Sometimes, these symptoms are not easily detectable, but can lead to dire consequences. For proper emotional health, a person should lay stress on following points: () Awareness and acceptance ofourstrength is essential for our emotional health. (ii) Ability to handle stress, tension and anxiety and seek help if needed. (iii) Try to make strong communication networks among family, friends and peers. . Spiritual Health. All the above-mentioned dimensions of health cannot be effective without being spiritually healthy. To seek meaning and purpose of life is termed as being spiritual. Spiritual health refers to our personal beliefs and values, our own acceptance or rejection of the creation. Spiritual health include belief in a supreme being, unity with a greater force, an organised religion, balance and introspection. For proper development of spiritual health yoga can be the best way. It should be performed regularly. Financial Health. Financial health is used to describe the state of one's personal monetary affairs. Medical experts have also concluded that financial health also contribute to overall health of an individual. They have linked financial health to lower stress levels. Generally, it has been seen that persons with better financial health, for example, may worry less about finances and have means to buy fresh food more regularly. The individuals who have good spiritual health usually feel a sense of calm and purpose that feels good mental health. Financial health can be improved by laying stress on the following points: ( Stick to your budget (ii) Understand your investments (iii) Have good saving plan (iv) Invest wisely (v) Spend less than you earn Suprt5.2 IMPORTANCE OF HEALTH Health is a valuable asset for every individual. So, it is said that health is wealth or the first wealth for each individual is health. It is the foremost and indispensable requirement of an individual. If we are healthy, we may earn wealth, but if we have wealth, it does not mean that we will be healthy. It is also said, “Jf wealth is lost, nothing is lost; if health is lost, something is lost; but if character is lost, everything is lost.” Along with this, it should be kept in mind that a sturdy cobbler is better than a sick king. Many philosophers and educationists share their views on the importance of health. Some of the views are mentioned below: 1. Views of Abis Carrel: To live is not sufficient. We need also the joy of living, and the joy of life requires health. Above all, we need that health which embraces body, mind and soul. 2. Views of J.M. Jussawalla: If the science and education are the brain and central nervous system of the civilization, health is its heart. 3. An Arabian proverb: A man, who is healthy, has an optimistic view and who has optimistic view, has everything. 4. Views of Herbert Spencer: To be a good animal is the first requisite to success in life and, to be a nation of good animals is the first condition to be national personality. 5. ‘The preservation of health is a duty — Herbert Spencer The following points stated below indicate that health is very important for all of us: 1. Helpful in improving longevity. If a person is healthy, all the systems of his body will work efficiently which ultimately helps in improving longevity. 2. Helps in improving mental health. If an individual does not have good health, his mental aspect of health will also be declined. So good health is essential to improve mental health, 3. Helps in preventing diseases. The most significant concept of leading a healthy life is to provide immunity power against different types of diseases. Ultimately, good immunity power helps in preventing various diseases. - Helpful in leading a productive life. A healthy person, is the real asset of a nation. Only when a person is healthy, he/she would be able to serve his! her nation in better way, 5. Helps in reducing expenditure on health, Ifa person is healthy, there will be ch s to falling prey to dise: . Therefore, his expenditure on medical facilities will be Jess. As a matter of fi by having good health, a healthy » the possibilities of getting hospitalised and in such a way the cost incurred for medical treatment. person can redu he can minimise Sanaswart Heauri AND Puiysicat, oUCATION-XIor jt implies that health is essential for everyone whether poor or rich. Tt is significant for all. It is said that prevention is better than cure, But it is a for us that we usually believe that cure is better than prevention. It is 4 4 to note down. We observe in our surroundings that people are not aware ‘They approach the doctor when they feel it most urgent. In every family, self-made doctors. It is a great loss to a nation. Every government makes re on construction of hospitals, medical equipment, but if public realizes nat prevention is better than cure, the expenditure will be less in this direction. bo one can be utilised in other fields of development of that country. i ie health is a matter of great concern, which affects not only each one of us is individual, but also the society in which we live. If a man does not keep himself wy healthy, he cannot enjoy his life nor ean an ailing society play its proper role inthe world. Hence, it can be averred that health is vitally significant for all of us perfect health for all is the ultimate goal of every society. age rd (0 r health. ere are spendit 5,3 TRADITIONAL SPORTS AND REGIONAL GAMES FOR PROMOTING WELLNESS Most of the individuals think traditional sports and games as a powerful means for the survival of their culture. Traditional and regional games/sports are a major part dour culture and identity. If we keep these games and sport alive and make sure our future generations take keen interest, we can protect and preserve our national values. Traditional sports and regional games can be very significant for all of us in various ways but first of all it is essential to have a clear-cut understanding of traditional sports and regional games. Meaning of Traditional Sports and Regional Games Traditional and regional sports are those games and sports within a society, community or region that people have played for so many years because participation in such games and sports provides them a chance to practice something that has deep meaning for them within their society, community or region. These games are sort of play which includes participants, some sort of challenge or goal and some tues, however, these rules are not-as formal as in organised sports. These sports and games are those typical activities of a region or country, which are carried out Without the help of complicated technology. In these sports and games, it is only Necessary to use your own body or resources that can be easily obtained from nature. These sports and games allow children/youth to learn more about the cultural roots of their region, contributing to the preservation of the culture of a country. , [These traditional sports and regional games are the major source of transmission cpowledge, tradition and culture of ancient times. Tts persistent practice in Gikeutitylsocicty and at school is considered as display or demonstration of in pret’ Independence. It helps in the development of motor skills and abilities ‘omoting active and participating play among boys and girls. These sports Surrnenentary Boor (AREYand games are themselves decide when, W materials and the neces culture and its own games and spo ‘There are various tradi below: carried out by children for the simple pleasure of playing. Chitg here and how to play. They do not require to y ret ; are not very costly. Each country h many sits own ary on rts. itional, regional games and sports that are mentioned Donkey Spinning top Jumping rope Hide and seek Blind chicken Hopscotch The rope Musical chair race (Venezuela, Peru and Ecuador, etc.) ‘The rubber and the camber (Latin America) Police and thief (Chor-Sipahi-India), ‘The fox and then hen (Latin America) The cat and the mouse Meters or marbles (Latin America) Sac-race Traditional games (India) Dog and bone Kancha Kokla Chapaki Kho-kho Maneha Maram Pitti Kabaddi Lagori Chaupar Chhupam Chhupai Gilli-danda Lattoo (Hide and Seek) Chor-Sipahi Dhop kel Wrestling Mallakhamb Vallamkali Jallikattu Camel race Archery Martial Arts Traditional Sports and Regional Games for Promoting Wellness Traditional sports and regional games play a very significant role in promoting s. These games and sports help in the promotion of various components of , which are described below: I. Improves physical wellness. It has been observed that most of the traditional and regional games and sports usually involve a significant level of physical activity, These activities help in getting in shape, shedding ext? weight and restoring youthful appearance with healthy eating. Consequently, these games and sports help in improving physical wellness. 2. Helpful in improving social wellness. Most of the traditional sports and regional games tend to be social activities, Traditional games and sports require less complex skill sets and basic amenities, making them more herefore, these games and sports encourage interaction with other inclusive. Saraswart Heauri ap Puysican Epucarion-X1wee participants. Such interaction allows us to get to know ench other better and Virengthen social bonds that may otherwise be hard te establish, So these smes ate helpful in enhancing social wellness : Helpful in improving intellectual wellness. There are so many traditional “ports and regional games which help in improving intellectual weliness. fr arch sports and games, participants have to make sound decisions. They have to think critically, These games and sports lay stress on mental alertness Ultimately, these games and sports improve intellectual wellness. 4 Helpful in improving emotional wellness. Participation in traditional ames and sports helps children to express their feelings and regain control These games support emotional development by providing a way to express and cope up with feelings. So ultimately traditional games and sports help in improving emotional wellne l I Consequently, it can be said that traditional games and sports help in promoting wellness. Type/Multiple Choice Questions (Carrying 1 Mark) ‘Grose the correct answer. 1. In which year the world Health Organisation made further clarifications about the definition of “Health”? {a} 1982 (b) 1984 (c) 1986 (d) 1988 1. Which one of the following is not a type of health? (2) Emotional health (b) Spiritual health (c) Mental health {d) Politicat health 2. Given below are the two statements labelled Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Aevertion (A) ; Physical health is incomplete without mental health he2s0n (R): Mental health is related to mind's happiness, satisfaction and peace \nthe context of the above two statements, which one of the following Is correct? (9) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). (v) Both (A) and (R) ave true, but (f) is not the correct explanation ‘of (A). [o) (A)is true, but (R)is false (4) (A)is false but (R) is true newer Questions-| (Carrying 2 Marks) _} Y0¢ do you mean by health? Explain it W034 is physical health? How can you develop (tt ¥évat do you mean by waditional sports and regional ganves? Surrcetwntary oor