TANGENT & NORMAL AND MONOTONICITY

TANGENT & NORMAL AND MONOTONICITY SOLUTIONS

 
 x13 / 2  3 1
    12  1
 x  1  2
 1 2

2 x12
  
3 1
x1 
2
1.
 3x12  2x1  1  3x12  2x1  1  0
Normal at P to y2 = x is
 3x12  3x1  x1  1  0
1 1
y  tx  t  t 3 .....(1)
2 4  3x1(x1 + 1) –1 (x1 + 1) = 0
For minimum AP, (1) passes through 1 1 1 
 x1  ( x1  0)  P  ,7  
3  3 3 3 3
A  ,0 
2 
1 1 1 7
 AP   
3 t t3 27 36 6 3
 t    0  4t  t 3  0
2 2 4 3. y = f(x) = x3 – x2 – 2x
 t dy
 3x 2  2x  2
t(t 2  4)  0  t  2,0,2  t  0  t  0,2 dx
f(1) = 1 – 1 – 2 = –2, f(–1) = –1 – 1 + 2
3
 if t  0, P(0, 0)  AP  =0
2
According to question, 3x2 – 2x – 2
5
 if t = 2, P(1, 1)  AP  f(1)  f( 1)
2 =
1  ( 1)
3 
 Shortest distance  ,0  and y  x
2  2  0
 3x 2  2x  2 
2
5
is  3x2 – 2x – 1 = 0 
2
24 1
dy 3 x  1,
2. f(x)  y  x 3 / 2  7  x 0 6 3
dx 2
= f(x) is increasing function  x > 0  1 
So, S   ,1
3 
4. f(x) = ex – x, g(x) = x2 – x
2
x )
f(g(x)) = e(x  (x 2  x)
If f(g(x)) is increasing function
2
x )
(f (g(x))) = e(x  (2x  1)  2x  1

 
2
x )
Let P x1,x13 / 2  7 = (2x  1)e(x  1  2x
2
 x)
 mAP mat p = –1 = (2x  1)[e( x  1]
A B
A & B are either both positive or negative
O FFICE A DDRESS : P LOT NUMBER 35, GOPALPURA BYPASS R OAD, NEAR RIDDHI SIDDHI C IRCLE, 10-B SCHEME,
TRIVENI N AGAR, GOPAL P URA MODE, JAIPUR, RAJASTHAN 302020
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 TANGENT & NORMAL AND MONOTONICITY

3
2
1 2

1  cosb 1
0
2
for (f (g(x))) 0,
 cos b = 0
 1
x  0,   [1,  ) b = a + sinb
 2
So, | b  a |  1
x[x]
5. f(x)  ;1 x  3
x2  1 x
 In(1  x)
8. f '(x)  1+x
 1 x2
 1 x  2
  x  
1
x  (1  x)In(1  x)

 f(x)  
x  0x  (–1,  )  0
(1  x)x 2
 2 2x3
 1 [ as g(x) = x – (1 + x)ln (1 + x) gives g(x) <
 x  
 x
g(0) for x  (–1, 0) and g(x) < g(0) for x 



 1 x 2
 1 x  2
(0, )]
2
 2 1 dy 
x
  x  9. Slope of tangent at P(t, t 3 ) 
  x  dx  (t,t3 )
 f(x)  
 2 1 x  2
 2x3 = (3x2)x=t = 3t2
 2
 x2  x  1  So equation tangent at P(t, t3) :
   
x
y – t3 = 3t2(x – t)
 f(x) is decreasing function. for point of intersection with y = x3
 2 1  3 4 x3 – t3 = 3t2x – 3t3
 Range is  ,    , 
5 2 5 5  (x – t)(x2 + xt + t2) = 3t2(x – t)
6.  (e4x – 2e2x + 1) + (e3x – 2e2x + ex) = 0 for x  t
x2 + xt + t2 = 3t2
 (e2x – 1)2 + ex (ex – 1)2 = 0
 x2 + xt – 2t2 = 0  (x – t)(x + 2t) = 0
 (e x  1)2 [(e x  1)2  e x ]  0

So for Q : x = –2t, Q(–2t, –8t3)
Always positive terms 2t3  8t 3
ordinate of required point :  2t3
Hence ex – 1 = 0 2 1

 x = 0 is the only solution 4x 3  3x 2

10. f (x)   2 sin x  (2x  1)cos x
7. Curve y = x + siny and point is (a, b) 6

 b = a + sinb …(i) f '(x) = (2x2 – x) - 2cos x + 2cos x -sin x(2x

-1)
dy dy
Now,  1  cos y = (2x – 1)(x – sinx)
dx dx
for x > 0, x – sinx > 0
dy
 (1  cos y) 1
dx x < 0, x – sinx < 0

dy  1 1 
 (a,b)  (slope) for x  (– ,0]   ,   , f '(x)  0
dx  1  cosb 2 

Now according to question,  1

for x  0,  , f '(x)  0
 2

O FFICE A DDRESS : P LOT NUMBER 35, GOPALPURA BYPASS R OAD, NEAR RIDDHI SIDDHI C IRCLE, 10-B SCHEME,
TRIVENI N AGAR, GOPAL P URA MODE, JAIPUR, RAJASTHAN 302020
Mob. 8888000021, 7410900901, 7410900906, 7410900907, 7410900908
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 TANGENT & NORMAL AND MONOTONICITY

1  3 3 2
 f '(x) increases in  ,   . f ' x   
2  x  1 x  1  x  12
11. f (1) = f (2) 4  2x  1
f ' x 
 x  1  x  1
2
 1 – a + b – 4 = 8 – 4a + 2b – 4
 3a – b = 7 ...(1) f ' x  0
1 
 4  x    ,  1   , 1  1,  
Also f '    0 (given) 2 
 3
4x 2  4x  3 x  0
 (3 x 2  2ax  b) 4 0 15. f '(x) 
x x
3
 3e (1  x) x0
16 8a
  b  0
3 3
 8a – 3b – 16 = 0 ...(2)
Solving (1) and (2)
a = 5, b = 8
For x > 0, f(x) = –4x2 + 4x + 3
 1 3
f(x) is increasing in   , 
12.  2 2
For x  0, f(x) = 3ex (1+x)
f(x) > 0  x (–1, 0)
 f(x) is increasing in (–1, 0)
Shortest distance between curves is So, in complete domain, f(x) is increasing
always along common normal.  3
in  1, 
dy  2
 slope of line  1
dx P 16. The tangent at (x1, y1) to the curve

 x0 = 1 y = x3 + 3x2 + 5

 y0 
1 y – y1 =  3x 2
1 
 6x1 (x – x1) passing
2
through origin
 1
 P  1, 
 2

–y1 = 3x13  6x1 (–x1) 
1
1
1

y1 = 3x13  6x12  ……….(1)
2 1
 Shortest distance =  And (x1 ,y1) lies on the curve y = x3 + 3x2 +
12  12 2 2
5
13. For orthogonal curves a – c = b – d y1 = x  3x12  5
3
1 …….. (2)
a–b=c–d  3x13  6x12  x13  3x12  5
2
14. f  x   3n  x  1  3n  x  1   x1  1;y1  9
x 1
17. f(x) = x3 – 6x2 + ax + b
f(2) = 8 – 24 + 2a + b = 0
2a + b = 16 …(1)
f(4) = 64 – 96 + 4a + b = 0

O FFICE A DDRESS : P LOT NUMBER 35, GOPALPURA BYPASS R OAD, NEAR RIDDHI SIDDHI C IRCLE, 10-B SCHEME,
TRIVENI N AGAR, GOPAL P URA MODE, JAIPUR, RAJASTHAN 302020
Mob. 8888000021, 7410900901, 7410900906, 7410900907, 7410900908
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 TANGENT & NORMAL AND MONOTONICITY

4a + b = 32 …(2) 92 – 3  0
Solving (1) and (2) 3 (3 – 1)  0
a = 8, b = 0  1
 0, 
f  x   x 3 – 6x 2 + 8 x  3
1
f(x) = x3 – 6x2 + 8x  largest =
3
f'(x) = 3x2 – 12x + 8
4 3
f"(x) = 6x – 12 f(x) = x – 12x2 + 36x + 48
3
 f'(x) is for x > 2, and f'(x) is  for x < 2
 f(1) + f(1) = 72
f'(2) = 12 – 24 + 8 = – 4
19. f (x) = loge(x2 + 1) – e–x + 1
f'(4) = 48 – 48 + 8 = 8
2x
f'(x) = 3x2 – 12x + 8  f ' (x) =  e– x > 0  x  R
x2  1
vertex (2, – 4)
 f is strictly increasing
f'(2) = –4, f'(4) = 8, f'(3) = 27 – 36 + 8
1– 2e 2x
g(x) = = e–x – 2ex
ex
 g ' (x) = –(2ex + e–x) < 0  x  R
 g is decreasing
  ( – 1)2    5 
Now f  g     f  g   –  
  3    3 

 ( – 1)2   5
 g   g  – 
 3   3
f'(x1) = –1, then x1 = 3
f'(x2) = 0 (  – 1)2 5
  –
3 3
Again f'(x) < 0 for x  (2, x4)
 2 – 5 + 6 < 0
f'(x) > 0 for x  (x4, 4)
 ( – 2) ( – 3) < 0
x4  (3, 4)
f(x) = x3 – 6x2 + 8x    (2, 3)
n n
f(3) = 27 – 54 + 24 = –3 x y
20.  a    b   2 , Slope of tangent at (a ,
f(4) = 64 – 96 + 32 = 0    
For x4(3, 4) b)
f(x4) < –3 3 x
n 1
1 x
n 1
1 dy
n.   .  n   . 0
and f'(x3) > –4 a a b b dx
2f'(x3) > –8 dy b

dx (a,b) a
So, 2f'(x3) = 3 f(x4)
Correct Ans. (1)  Equation of tangent

18. f(x) = 4x3 – 36x2 + 36x + 48 b x y

y b    x  a ,   2 n  N
a a b
f’ (x) = 12x2 – 72x + 36

f’ (x) = 12(x2 – 6x + 3)  0

>0&D0
362 – 4 ×  × 3  0
O FFICE A DDRESS : P LOT NUMBER 35, GOPALPURA BYPASS R OAD, NEAR RIDDHI SIDDHI C IRCLE, 10-B SCHEME,
TRIVENI N AGAR, GOPAL P URA MODE, JAIPUR, RAJASTHAN 302020
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 TANGENT & NORMAL AND MONOTONICITY

1 e x y = 1(x – 2)
21. g(x) = f(–x) – f(x) =
1  ex  x–y=2
2e x So a = 1 and b = 2
 g(x)  0
(1  e x )2 a
 0.5
g is increasing in (0, 1) b

 g is one-one in (0, 1)
dy dy dy 6x
22. 2y  6x  0 
dx dx dx 2y  1

3
 2y1  1  2  y1
mn    
 6x1   x1 25.

 2y1 + 1 = 9 – 6y 3 
P   t 2 ,3t 
 y1 = 1 and x1 = ±2 2 

 6( 2)  Normal at point P

 mT   4
 2(1)  1  3 2
tx  y  3t  t
23. For y = ex 2

dy  3
 ex Passes through  3, 
dx  2
dy 3 3
 ec  3t   3t  t 3
dx x c 2 2
Tangent is y – ec = ec(x – c) 3 
P   ,3   (, )
Put y = 0, x1 = c – 1 ...(i) 2 
For y2 = 4x
 t3  1  t  1
dy dx
2y 4  1 3 
dx dy y2 2(  )  2   3   9
 2 
Normal is y – 2 = –1(x – 1)
26. 3x4 + 4x3 – 12x2 + 4 = 0
Put y = 0, x1 = 3 ...(ii)
So, Let f(x) = 3x4 + 4x3 – 12x2 + 4
From (i) and (ii) ; c – 1 = 3
 f’(x) = 12x(x2 + x – 2)
c=4
= 12x (x + 2) (x – 1)
24. y = (x – 1)(x – 2), this curve intersects the
x-axis at A(1, 0) and B(2, 0)


dy dy dy
 2x  3;  1 and 1
dx dx ( x 1) dx ( x  2)

Equation of tangent at A(1, 0) ;

y = –1(x –1)
 x+y=1
and equation of tangent at B(2, 0)

O FFICE A DDRESS : P LOT NUMBER 35, GOPALPURA BYPASS R OAD, NEAR RIDDHI SIDDHI C IRCLE, 10-B SCHEME,
TRIVENI N AGAR, GOPAL P URA MODE, JAIPUR, RAJASTHAN 302020
Mob. 8888000021, 7410900901, 7410900906, 7410900907, 7410900908
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 TANGENT & NORMAL AND MONOTONICITY

27. f  x   x  ax  1 , f '  x   2 x  a
2
30. y
xa
(x  b)(x  2)
When f(x) is increasing on [1, 2]
At point (1, –3),
2 x  a  0  x  [1, 2]
1
a   2 x x  [1, 2] 3 
(1  b)(1  2)
R=-4  1 – a = 3(1 + b)
When f(x) is decreasing on [1, 2] xa
Now, y
2 x  a  0  x  [1, 2] (x  b)(x  2)

a   2 x  [1, 2] 

S = -2 , |R - S| = | - 4 + 2 | = 2
dy (x  b)(x  2)  (1)  (x  a)(2x  b  2)
28. x5(x3 – x2 – x + 1) +x (3x3 – 4x2 – 2x + 4) – 
dx (x  b)2 (x  2)2
1=0
1
 (x – 1)2 (x + 1) (x5 + 3x – 1) = 0 At (1, –3) slope of normal is hence
4
Let f(x) = x5 + 3x –1
dy
f’(x) > 0  x  R  4 ,
dx
Hence 3 real distinct roots.
(1  b)( 1)  (1  a)b
So, 4 
29. y5 – 9xy + 2x = 0 (1  b)2 ( 1)2
dy dy Using equation (1)
5y4 – 9x – 9y + 2 = 0
x dx
(1  b)( 1)  3(b  1)b
 4 
dy (1  b)2
(5y4 – 9x) = 9y – 2
dx
( 1)  3b
dy 9y – 2  4  (b  1)
 = 0 (for horizontal tangent) (1  b)
dx 5y 4 – 9x
 b = –3
2
y =  Which does not satisfy the  So, a = 7
9
Hence, a + b = 7 – 3 = 4
original
equation  M = 0.
Now 5y4 – 9x = 0 (for vertical tangent)
5y4 (9y – 2) – 9y5 = 0
y4 [45y – 10 – 9y] = 0
y = 0 (Or) 36y = 10
5
y=
18
5
y=0x=0&y= x=
18

 5 
(0 0)  x, 18 
 
N=2
M+N=0+2=2

O FFICE A DDRESS : P LOT NUMBER 35, GOPALPURA BYPASS R OAD, NEAR RIDDHI SIDDHI C IRCLE, 10-B SCHEME,
TRIVENI N AGAR, GOPAL P URA MODE, JAIPUR, RAJASTHAN 302020
Mob. 8888000021, 7410900901, 7410900906, 7410900907, 7410900908
www.competishun.com
Page # 251