Exercise 1B

1 1 4 3 2 3
1 a  =  b 
3 4 12 12 x 1 x  2
7 2( x  2) 3( x  1)
= = 
12 ( x  1)( x  2) ( x  1)( x  2)
2( x  2)  3( x  1)
3 2 15 8 =
b  =  ( x  1)( x  2)
4 5 20 20 2 x  4  3x  3
7 =
= ( x  1)( x  2)
20
x  7
=
1 1 q p ( x  1)( x  2)
c  = 
p q pq pq
4 2
pq c 
= 2x  1 x 1
pq
4( x  1) 2(2 x  1)
= 
3 1 6 1 (2 x  1)( x  1) (2 x  1)( x  1)
d  =  4( x  1)  2(2 x  1)
4 x 8x 8 x 8x =
7 (2 x  1)( x  1)
= 4x  4  4x  2
8x =
(2 x  1)( x  1)
3 1 3 x 8x  2
e 2
 = 2 2 =
x x x x (2 x  1)( x  1)
3 x
= 2
x 1 1
d ( x  2)  ( x  3)
3 2
a 3 2a 15 2 3
f  =  = ( x  2)  ( x  3)
5b 2b 10b 10b 6 6
2a  15 2( x  2)  3( x  3)
= =
10b 6
2 x  4  3x  9
3 2 3( x  1) 2x =
2 a  =  6
x x  1 x ( x  1) x ( x  1) x  5
3x  3  2 x =
= 6
x ( x  1)
x 3 3x 1
= e 2

x ( x  1) ( x  4) x4
3x x4
= 
( x  4) ( x  4)2
2

3x  x  4
=
( x  4) 2
2x  4
=
( x  4) 2

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 5 4 2 3
2 f  c 2
 2
2( x  3) 3( x  1) x  6x  9 x  4x  3
15( x  1) 8( x  3) 2 3
=  = 2

6( x  3)( x  1) 6( x  3)( x  1) ( x  3) ( x  3)( x  1)
15( x  1)  8( x  3) 2( x  1) 3( x  3)
= = 
6( x  3)( x  1) ( x  3) ( x  1) ( x  3)2 ( x  1)
2

15 x  15  8 x  24 2( x  1)  3( x  3)
= =
6( x  3)( x  1) ( x  3) 2 ( x  1)
23 x  9 2 x  2  3x  9
= =
6( x  3)( x  1) ( x  3) 2 ( x  1)
x  7
=
2 1 ( x  3) 2 ( x  1)
3 a 2

x  2x 1 x 1
2 1 2 3
= 2
 d 2 2

( x  1) x 1 y x yx
2 x 1 2 3
=  = 
( x  1) ( x  1)2
2
( y  x )( y  x) y  x
2  x 1 2 3( y  x )
= = 
( x  1)2 ( y  x)( y  x ) ( y  x )( y  x )
x3 2  3( y  x)
= =
( x  1)2 ( y  x)( y  x)
3x  3 y  2
7 3
=
b  ( y  x)( y  x)
2
x 4 x2
7 3 3 1
=  e 2
 2
( x  2)( x  2) x  2 x  3x  2 x  4 x  4
7 3( x  2) 3 1
=  = 
( x  2)( x  2) ( x  2)( x  2) ( x  1)( x  2) ( x  2) 2
7  3( x  2) 3( x  2) ( x  1)
= = 
( x  2)( x  2) ( x  1)( x  2) ( x  1)( x  2) 2
2

7  3x  6 3( x  2)  ( x  1)
= =
( x  2)( x  2) ( x  1)( x  2)2
3x  1 3x  6  x  1
= =
( x  2)( x  2) ( x  1)( x  2)2
2x  5
=
( x  1)( x  2)2

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 x2 x 1 4 2 1
3 f 2
 2 b  
x  x  12 x  5 x  6 3x x  2 2 x  1
x2 x 1 4( x  2)(2 x  1) 6 x(2 x  1)
=   
( x  4)( x  3) ( x  2)( x  3) 3 x( x  2)(2 x  1) 3 x( x  2)(2 x  1)
( x  2)2 ( x  1)( x  4) 3x ( x  2)
  
( x  4)( x  2)( x  3) ( x  4)( x  2)( x  3) 3 x( x  2)(2 x  1)

( x  2)2  ( x  1)( x  4) 
4( x  2)(2 x  1)  6 x (2 x  1)  3 x( x  2)
=
( x  4)( x  2)( x  3) 3 x ( x  2)(2 x  1)
x 2  4 x  4  x2  3x  4
= 8 x 2  12 x  8  12 x 2  6 x  3x 2  6 x
( x  4)( x  2)( x  3) 
7x  8 3x ( x  2)(2 x  1)
=
( x  4)( x  2)( x  3)  x 2  24 x  8

3 x( x  2)(2 x  1)
6x 1 4
4 2

x  2 x  15 x  3 3 2 4
c  
6x 1 4 x 1 x  1 x  3
= 
( x  5)( x  3) x  3 3( x  1)( x  3) 2( x  1)( x  3)
 
6x 1 4( x  5) ( x  1)( x  1)( x  3) ( x  1)( x  1)( x  3)
= 
( x  5)( x  3) ( x  5)( x  3) 4( x  1)( x  1)

6 x  1  4( x  5) ( x  1)( x  1)( x  3)
=
( x  5)( x  3)
6 x  1  4 x  20 3( x  1)( x  3)  2( x  1)( x  3)  4( x  1)( x  1)
= 
( x  5)( x  3) ( x  1)( x  1)( x  3)
2 x  19
=
( x  5)( x  3) 3 x 2 6 x  9  2 x 2  8 x  6  4 x 2  4

( x  1)( x  1)( x  3)
3 2 1 2
9 x 14 x  7
5 a   
x x 1 x  2 ( x  1)( x  1)( x  3)
3( x  1)( x  2) 2 x( x  2)
 
x ( x  1)( x  2) x( x  1)( x  2) 4(2 x  1) 7
6 2

x ( x  1) 36 x  1 6 x  1

x( x  1)( x  2) 4(2 x  1) 7
= 
(6 x  1)(6 x  1) 6 x  1
3( x  1)( x  2)  2 x ( x  2)  x( x  1) 4(2 x  1) 7(6 x  1)
 = 
x( x  1)( x  2) (6 x  1)(6 x  1) (6 x  1)(6 x  1)
3x 2  9 x  6  2 x 2  4 x  x2  x 4(2 x  1)  7(6 x  1)
= =
x( x  1)( x  2) (6 x  1)(6 x  1)
6 x 2  14 x  6 8 x  4  42 x  7
= =
x ( x  1)( x  2) (6 x  1)(6 x  1)
50 x  3
=
(6 x  1)(6 x  1)

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 6 36
7 a g(x) = x   2
x  2 x  2x  8
6 36
= x 
x  2 ( x  4)( x  2)
x( x  2)( x  4) 6( x  4)
 
( x  2)( x  4) ( x  2)( x  4)
36

( x  2)( x  4)
x ( x  2)( x  4)  6( x  4)  36

( x  2)( x  4)
3 2
x  2 x  8 x  6 x  24  36

( x  2)( x  4)
x 3  2 x 2  2 x  12

( x  2)( x  4)

b Using the factor theorem,

(−2)3 − 2(−2)2 − 2(−2) + 12 = 0
So ( x  2) is a factor of
x 3  2 x 2  2 x  12
Hence, you can write
x 3  2 x 2  2 x  12  ( x  2)  p( x)

for some quadratic polynomial

p(x).
You can find p(x) by long division:

x2  4x  6
x  2 x 3  2 x 2  2 x  12
x3  2 x2
 4x2  2x
4 x 2  8 x
6 x  12
6 x  12
0
2
Hence, p( x)  x  4 x  6 and so

( x  2)( x 2  4 x  6)
g(x) =
( x  2)( x  4)

x2  4 x  6
=
x4

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