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GCE ‘A’ Level H2 Mathematics

November 2017 Paper 1

1. Maclaurin Series

✓ ◆✓ ◆
(2x)2 (2x)3 (ax)2 (ax)3
e2x ln (1 + ax) = 1 + 2x + + + ... ax + + ...
2! 3! 2 3
✓ ◆ ✓ ◆
a2 a 3
= ax + 2a x2 + 2a a2 + x3 + ...
2 3

For there to be no term in x2 ,

a2
2a =0
⇣ 2a ⌘
a 2 =0
2
) a = 0 or a = 4

Since a is a non-zero constant, a = 4.

2. Equations and Inequalities

(i)

1
(ii) To solve for the x -coordinate of the intersection point, let = b (x a).
x a

2 1
=) (x a) =
b
1
x a = ±p
b
1 1
x=a+ p or x=a p (rejected since x > a)
b b
1
From the graph, the solution to the inequality is x > a + p or x < a.
b

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3. Di↵erentiation

(i) y 2 2xy + 5x2 10 = 0

dy dy
=) 2y 2x 2y + 10x = 0
dx dx
dy
=) 2 (y x) = 2y 10x
dx
dy 2(y 5x)
=
dx 2(y x)
y 5x
=
y x
dy
When = 0, y 5x = 0 =) y = 5x
dx
Substitute y = 5x into the equation of C :

(5x)2 2x(5x) + 5x2 10 = 0

2
20x 10 = 0
2 1
x = 2
1
x = ±p
2

✓ ◆ ✓ ◆
dy dy
(y x) 5 (y 5x) 1
d2 y dx dx
(ii) = 2
dx2 (y x)

dy d2 y (y x)( 5) (y 5x)( 1) 4y
When = 0, 2
= 2 = 2
dx dx (y x) (y x)

1 5 d2 y 5
When x = p , y=p , = p <0
2 2 dx2 2 2

Therefore the stationary point with x > 0 is a maximum.

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4. Graphs and Transformations

4x + 9 dy 4(x + 2) (4x + 9) 1
(i) y = =) = 2 = 2
x+2 dx (x + 2) (x + 2)

2 1
Since (x + 2) is positive for x 2 R \ {2} =) 2 is negative for x 2 R \ {2}.
(x + 2)
dy
Hence is negative for all points on C.
dx

4x + 9 1
(ii) y = =4+
x+2 x+2

Therefore the asymptotes of C are x = 2 and y = 4.

(iii) Translation of 2 units in the positive x -direction and translation of 4 units in the negative
y-direction (in any order).

5. Equations and Inequalities

(i) Let f(x) = x3 + ax2 + bx + c

f(1) = 1 + a + b + c = 8 (1)
f(2) = 8 + 4a + 2b + c = 12 (2)
f(3) = 27 + 9a + 3b + c = 25 (3)

3
Solving (1), (2) and (3) simultaneously, a = 2, b = 32 , c = 7

(ii) y = f(x)

dy
= 3x2 + 2ax + b
dx
= 3x2 3x + 32
1 2 3
=3 x 2 + 4

dy
Hence > 0 for x 2 R.
dx

Since the gradient of y = f(x) is always positive, y is strictly increasing and hence the curve
has only one x -intercept. Therefore f(x) = 0 has only one real root, x = 1.33.

dy 3
(iii) Let = 2 =) 3x2 3x + 2 =2
dx
Solving, x = 0.145 or 1.15.

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6. Vectors

(i) The vector equation r = a + tb, where a and b are constant vectors, represents a line passing
!
through A, where OA = a, and parallel to b.

(ii) The vector equation r · n = d, where n is a constant unit vector, represents a plane perpen-
dicular to n, and at a distance d from O.

(iii) Substitute r = a + tb into r · n = d :

(a + tb) · n = d
a · n + tb · n = d
d a·n
=) t =
b·n
✓ ◆
d a·n
) r=a+ b
b·n

The solution represents the position vector of the point of intersection of the line in part (i)
and the plane in part (ii).

7. Integration Techniques
Z Z
1
(i) sin 2mx sin 2nx dx = 2 [cos 2(m + n)x cos 2(m n)x] dx

1 sin 2(m + n)x sin 2(m n)x
= +c
2 2(m + n) 2(m n)

1 sin 2(m + n)x sin 2(m n)x
= +c
4 m+n m n
Z Z
2
(ii) (sin 2mx + sin 2nx) dx = sin2 2mx + 2 sin 2mx sin 2nx + sin2 2nx dx
Z Z Z
= sin2 2mx dx + 2 sin 2mx sin 2nx dx + sin2 2nx dx
Z Z
sin2 2mx dx = 1
2
1
2 cos 4mx dx
x sin 4mx
= +c
2 8m
Z
x sin 4nx
Similarly, sin2 2nx dx = +c
2 8n
Z ⇡  ✓ ◆ ⇡
2 sin 4mx sin 4nx 1 sin 2(m + n)x sin 2(m n)x
) f(x) dx = x
0 8m 8n 2 m+n m n 0
=⇡ (since sin k⇡ = 0 for integer values of k )

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8. Complex Numbers

(a) z 2 (1 i) 2z + (5 + 5i) = 0
q
2
2 ± ( 2) 4(1 i)(5 + 5i)
z=
2 (1 i)
p
2± 4 20(1 i)(1 + i)
=
2 (1 i)
p
2± 4 20 (12 + 12 )
=
2 (1 i)
p
2± 36
=
2 (1 i)
2 ± 6i
=
2 (1 i)
1 ± 3i 1 + i
= ⇥
1 i 1+i
(1 ± 3i)(1 + i)
=
12 + 12
2 + 4i 4 2i
= or
2 2
= 1 + 2i or 2 i

(b) (i) w = 1 i
w2 = 12 2i + i2 = 2i
w3 = 2i (1 i) = 2 2i
4 2
w = ( 2i) = 4

w4 + pw3 + 39w2 + qw + 58 = 0 =) 4+( 2 2i) p 78i + (1 i) q + 58 = 0

Comparing real parts, 4 2p + q + 58 = 0 =) q 2p = 54 (1)

Comparing imaginary parts, 2p 78 q = 0 =) q + 2p = 78 (2)

Solving (1) and (2) simultaneously, p = 6, q = 66

(ii) w4 6w3 + 39w2 66w + 58 = [w (1 i)] [w (1 + i)] w2 + aw + b

= w2 2w + 2 w2 + aw + b

Comparing the constant term, 2b = 58 =) b = 29

Comparing the term in w, 2a 2b = 66 =) a = 4

) w4 6w3 + 39w2 66w + 58 = w2 2w + 2 w2 4w + 29

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9. Sequences and Series (Summation of Series)

(a) (i) un = Sn Sn 1
h i
2
= An2 + Bn A (n 1) + B (n 1)
= An2 + Bn A n2 2n + 1 Bn + B
= 2An A+B
= (2n 1) A + B

(ii) u10 = 19A + B = 48 (1)

u17 = 33A + B = 90 (2)

Solving (1) and (2) simultaneously, A = 3, B = 9

h i
2 2 2 2
(b) r2 (r + 1) (r 1) r2 = r2 (r + 1) (r 1)
⇥ ⇤
= r2 r2 + 2r + 1 r2 2r + 1
= r2 (4r)
= 4r3
n
X n h
X i
2 2
= 1
4 r2 (r + 1) (r 1) r2
r=1 r=1

= 1
4 12 22 0

+ 22 32 12 22
+ 32 42 22 32
...
2 2 2
+ (n 1) n2 (n 2) (n 1)
2 2
+ n2 (n + 1) (n 1) n2
2
= 14 n2 (n + 1)

xr
(c) Let ar = .
r!
an+1 xn+1 xn
= ÷
an (n + 1)! n!
n+1
x n!
= ⇥
(n + 1)! xn
x
=
n+1
x an+1
When n ! 1, ! 0 for all real values of x. Therefore, lim = 0 < 1.
n+1 n!1 an
1
X xr
Hence, converges for all real values of x.
r=0
r!

1
X xr x2 x3
=1+x+ + + ... = ex (Maclaurin Series)
r=0
r! 2! 3!

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10. Vectors
0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1
0 3 1 4
(i) lC : r = @0A + @ 1 A and lP Q : r = @ 2 A + µ @ 5 A, where , µ 2 R
0 2 1 a+1
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
0 3 1 4
To find the intersection point of lC and lP Q , let @0A + @ 1 A = @ 2 A + µ @ 5 A
0 2 1 a+1
8
>
<3 = 1 + 4µ (1)
=) = 2 + 5µ (2)
>
:
2 = 1 + (a + 1)µ (3)

3 5
Solving (1) and (2), = 11 , µ= 11
22
Substituting into (3), a = 5

0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
3 1 3 5
! @1A @2A ! @1A @7A
(ii) P R = and QR =
2 1 2 3

! !
If \P RQ = 90 , then P R · QR = 0
2 01 0 13 2 0 1 0 13
3 1 3 5
i.e. 4 @ 1 A @ 2 A5 · 4 @ 1 A @ 7 A5 = 0
2 1 2 3
2
=) 14 28 7 + 22 = 0
2
=) 14 35 + 22 = 0
2
D = ( 35) 4(14)(22)
= 7<0

Therefore the equation has no real roots. Hence there is no value of for which \P RQ = 90 .

(iii) For PR to be as small as possible, R should be the foot of the perpendicular from P to lC .
0 1
3
! @ A
To find R, let P R · 1 =0
2
0 1 0 1
3 1 3
i.e. @ 2 A · @ 1 A = 0 =) = 21
1 2 2
0 1
3
! 1@ A
) OR = 1 and hence R 3 1
2, 2, 1
2
2
0 1
1
! 2 p
Minimum length, P R = @ 3A
2 = 1
2 10
0

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11. Di↵erential Equations

dv
(i) (a) =c
dt

R
(b) v = c dt = ct + d

When t = 0, v = 4 =) d = 4
) v = ct + 4

When t = 2.5, v = 29 =) c = 10

dv
(ii) = 10 kv, where 10 kv > 0
dt
Z Z
1
dv = 1 dt
10 kv
1
ln |10 kv| = t + A
k
ln (10 kv) = kt kA (since 10 kv > 0)
kt kA
10 kv = e
= Be kt , where B = e kA

1
=) v = 10 Be kt
k
When t = 0, v = 0 =) B = 10
10
) v= 1 e kt
k

kt 10
(iii) As t ! 1, e !0 and v!
k
10
= 40 =) k = 14
k
⇣ t
⌘
) v = 40 1 e 4

Let v = 0.9 (40)

⇣ t
⌘
=) 40 1 e 4 = 0.9 (40)
t
1 e 4 = 0.9
t
e 4 = 0.1
t
= ln 0.1
4
t = 4 ln 0.1

Therefore it takes 9.21 seconds for the object to reach 90% of its terminal velocity.

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