M2 Publisher New Century E Book Answers-NCM (2nd) TMM2A04 - e

128
Chapter 4 Differentiation
Instant Drill 1 (P.4.4) dy 1 1

(b) = =
dy 2
[2( x  x)  3]  (2 x  3) 2 dx x5 2(5)  1 3
(a) = lim
dx x  0 x
2 x 2  4 x ( x )  2( x ) 2  3  2 x 2  3 Instant Drill 3 (P.4.9)
= lim
x  0 x
dy d  x 3 
4 x ( x )  2( x ) 2 (a) =
= lim dx dx  6 
x  0 x
= lim [4 x  2(x)] 1 d 3
x  0
= (x )
6 dx
= 4x 1
= (3 x 2 )
dy 1  1 1  6
(b) = lim    
dx x  0  x  3( x  x)  1 3 x  1   x2
=
 1 (3 x  1)  [3( x  x)  1]  2
= lim   
 x  0  x [3( x  x)  1](3 x  1)  dy d
(b) = ( 4 x 5 )
 1 3 x  1  3 x  3(x)  1  dx dx
= lim    d
x  0  x [3( x  x )  1](3 x  1)  = 4 ( x 5 )
dx
1  3(x) 
= lim    = 4(5x4)
x  0  x [3( x  x )  1](3 x  1) 
= 20x4
3
= lim
x  0 [3( x  x )  1](3 x  1)
3 Instant Drill 4 (P.4.10)

=
(3 x  1) 2 dy d
(a) = ( 3 x 3 )
dx dx
d
Instant Drill 2 (P.4.5) =  3 ( x3 )
dx
dy 2( x  x )  1  2 x  1 3
(a) = lim d
dx x  0 x =3 (x 2 )
dx
[ 2( x  x )  1  2 x  1 ] 
 3 3 1 
[ 2( x  x )  1  2 x  1 ] =  3 x 2 
= lim 2 
 
x  0 x[ 2( x  x)  1  2 x  1]
1
[2( x  x)  1]  (2 x  1) 9 2
= lim = x
x  0 x[ 2( x  x)  1  2 x  1] 2
2 x  2( x )  1  2 x  1 dy d  5 
= lim (b) =  
x  0 x[ 2( x  x)  1  2 x  1] dx dx  2 x 
2( x ) 5 d  1 
= lim =  
x  0 x[ 2( x  x)  1  2 x  1] 2 dx  x 
2 1
= lim 5 d 2
= (x )
x  0 2 ( x  x )  1  2 x  1 2 dx
2 5  1   1
1
= =   x 2
2x  1  2x  1 2 2
1 3
= 5 2
2x 1 = x
4
© Oxford University Press 2014

Chapter 4: Differentiation 129
Instant Drill 5 (P.4.11) Instant Drill 8 (P.4.15)

dy d dy d  x 
(a) = ( 4 x 3  3 x  7) (a) =  
dx dx dx dx  x 2  2 
d d d d d
= (4 x 3 )  (3 x)  (7) ( x 2  2) ( x )  x ( x 2  2)
dx dx dx = dx dx
d 3 d d ( x 2  2) 2
= 4 ( x )  3 ( x )  (7 )
dx dx dx ( x 2  2)  1  x  2 x
=
= 4(3x2)  3(1) + 0 ( x 2  2) 2
= 12x2  3 x2  2  2x2
=
dy d ( x 2  2) 2
(b) = ( 3  2 x 2  5x 4 )
dx dx  x2  2
d d d =
= ( 3 )  (2 x 2 )  (5 x 4 ) ( x 2  2) 2
dx dx dx
d d d dy d  x 2  1 
= ( 3)  2 (x2 )  5 (x4 ) (b) =
dx dx dx dx dx  2 x  1 
= 0  2(2x) + 5(4x3) d d
(2 x  1) ( x 2  1)  ( x 2  1) (2 x  1)
= 4x + 20x3 = dx dx
(2 x  1) 2
(2 x  1)  2 x  ( x 2  1)  2
Instant Drill 6 (P.4.11) =
(2 x  1) 2
(a) f(x) = x3 + C13 x 2 (2)  C 23 x(2) 2 2 3
4x2  2x  2x2  2
= x + 6x + 12x + 8
3 2 =
(2 x  1) 2
d
(b) f (x) = ( x 3  6 x 2  12 x  8) 2x2  2x  2
dx =
d d d d (2 x  1) 2
= ( x 3 )  (6 x 2 )  (12 x)  (8)
dx dx dx dx 2( x 2  x  1)
=
= 3x + 6(2x) + 12(1) + 0
2 (2 x  1) 2
= 3x2 + 12x + 12
f (1) = 3(1)2 + 12(1) + 12 = 3 Instant Drill 9 (P.4.16)
x(2  x)
f(x) =
Instant Drill 7 (P.4.14) (1  x) 2
dy d 2x  x2
(a) = [4 x(2 x  1)] =
dx dx 1  2x  x2
d d d  2 x  x 2 
= 4 x (2 x  1)  (2 x  1) (4 x) f (x) = 
dx dx dx  1  2 x  x 2 
= 4x  2 + (2x + 1)  4 d d
(1  2 x  x 2 ) (2 x  x 2 )  (2 x  x 2 ) (1  2 x  x 2 )
= 16x + 4 = dx dx
dy d (1  2 x  x 2 ) 2
(b) = [(3 x 2  1)( x  2)]
dx dx (1  2 x  x 2 )(2  2 x)  (2 x  x 2 )(2  2 x)
=
d d (1  2 x  x 2 ) 2
= (3 x 2  1) ( x  2)  ( x  2) (3 x 2  1)
dx dx (2  2 x)(1  2 x  x 2  2 x  x 2 )
= (3x2 + 1)  1 + (x  2)  6x =
(1  2 x  x 2 ) 2
= 3x2 +1+ 6x2  12x 2  2x
=
= 9x  12x + 1
2
(1  2 x  x 2 ) 2
2  2( 0)
∴ f (0) = =2
[1  2(0)  0 2 ]2

130 Solutions
Instant Drill 10 (P.4.18) dy d

(b) = (x 2x2  5 )
1 dx dx
(a) Let y = 3 = u3 and u = 1  x  5x2. 1
u d
= [ x(2 x 2  5) 2 ]
dy dy du dx
= 
dx du dx d
1
d
1
d 3 du =x (2 x 2  5) 2  (2 x 2  5) 2 ( x)
= (u )  dx dx
du dx 1 1
du 1  d
= 3u4  = x  (2 x 2  5) 2  (2 x 2  5)  (2 x 2  5) 2 1
dx 2 dx
1 1
d 1 
= 3(1  x  5x2)4  (1  x  5 x 2 ) = x  (2 x 2  5) 2  4 x  (2 x 2  5) 2
dx 2
= 3(1  x  5x2)4(1  10x) 
1
3(10 x  1) = (2 x 2  5) 2 (2 x 2  2 x 2  5)
=
(1  x  5 x 2 ) 4 4x2  5
=
1 2x2  5
(b) Let y = u =u2 and u = 3x  x .2
dy dy du
=  Instant Drill 12 (P.4.19)
dx du dx
1 3
d du d  x 
= (u 2 )  f (x) =  
du dx dx  x 2  2 
1 2
1  du  x  d  x 
= u 2 = 3 2   2 
2 dx  x  2  dx  x  2 
1
1 2 d d
 d 2 ( x  2) ( x )  x ( x 2  2)
= (3 x  x 2 ) 2  (3 x  x 2 )  x  dx dx
2 dx = 3 2  
1  x 2 ( x 2  2) 2
1 
= (3 x  x 2 ) 2 (3  2 x) 2 2
 x  ( x  2)  1  x  2 x
2 = 3 2  
3  2x  x 2 ( x 2  2) 2
= 2
2 2
2 3x  x 2  x  x  2  2x
= 3 2  
 x 2 ( x 2  2) 2
Instant Drill 11 (P.4.18) 3x 2 (2  x 2 )

=
dy d ( x 2  2) 4
(a) = [(3x + 4)2(x  1)]
dx dx 3(12 )(2  12 ) 1
d d f (1) = =
= (3x + 4)2 (x  1) + (x  1) (3x + 4)2 (12  2) 4 27
dx dx
d
= (3x + 4)2  1 + (x  1)  2(3x + 4)  (3x + 4)
dx Instant Drill 13 (P.4.23)
= (3x + 4)2 + (x  1)  2(3x + 4)  3 dy d
(a) = (x sin x)
= (3x + 4)[3x + 4 + 6(x  1)] dx dx
d d
= (3x + 4)(9x  2) = x (sin x)  sin x ( x)
dx dx
= x  cos x + sin x  1
= x cos x + sin x

dy d Instant Drill 15 (P.4.24)

(b) = [3 cos (2x  1)]
dx dx dy d
d (a) = [cosec (1  5x)]
=3 [cos (2x  1)] dx dx
dx d
d = cosec (1  5x) cot (1  5x) (1  5x)
= 3[sin (2x  1)] (2x  1) dx
dx
= cosec (1  5x) cot (1  5x)  (5)
= 3 sin (2x  1)  2
= 5 cosec (1  5x) cot (1  5x)
= 6 sin (2x  1)
dy d
dy d (b) = (sec x  cot x)3
(c) = (tan x ) dx dx
dx dx d
d = 3(sec x  cot x)2 (sec x  cot x)
= sec 2 x ( x) dx
dx d d 
1 = 3(sec x  cot x)2  (sec x)  (cot x)
d  dx dx 
= sec 2 x (x 2 )
dx = 3(sec x  cot x)2[sec x tan x  (cosec2 x)]
1
1  = 3(sec x  cot x)2(sec x tan x + cosec2 x)
= sec 2 x  x 2
2
sec 2 x
= Instant Drill 16 (P.4.25)
2 x
dy d
(a) = (x + cot x)
dx dx
Instant Drill 14 (P.4.23) = 1 + (cosec2 x)
dy d = 1  cosec2 x
(a) = ( 1  tan 2 x )
dx dx = cot2 x
1
d dy
= (1  tan 2 x) 2 ∴   cot 2 x
dx dx
1
1  d dv d  cosec x 
= (1  tan 2 x) 2 (1  tan 2 x) (b) =  
2 dx dx dx  x  cot x 
1
1   d d  d d
= (1  tan 2 x) 2  (1)  (tan 2 x) ( x  cot x) (cosec x)  cosec x ( x  cot x)
2  dx dx  = dx dx
1 ( x  cot x) 2
1   d 
= (1  tan 2 x) 2 0  sec 2 2 x  (2 x) ( x  cot x)(cosec x cot x)  cosec x ( cot 2 x)
2  dx  =
1 ( x  cot x) 2
1 
= (1  tan 2 x) 2 (2 sec 2 2 x)  x cosec x cot x  cosec x cot 2 x  cosec x cot 2 x
2 =

1 ( x  cot x) 2
2
=  (1  tan 2 x) 2 sec 2 x  x cosec x cot x
=
dy d ( x  cot x) 2
(b) = (cos 3x + sin x)2
dx dx π π π π
d  cosec cot  1  0
dv 2 2 2 = 2
= 2(cos 3x + sin x) (cos 3x + sin x) π = =0
dx dx x
2 π π
2
π 
2
d d    cot    0
= 2(cos 3x + sin x)  (cos 3 x)  (sin x) 2 2 2 
 dx dx 
 d 
= 2(cos 3x + sin x)  sin 3 x  (3 x)  cos x 
 dx 
= 2(cos 3x + sin x)(cos x  3 sin 3x)

132 Solutions

dy d  e 2 x  dy d 2
(a) = (a) = (x ln x)
dx dx  x  1  dx dx
d d
d d = x 2 (ln x)  ln x ( x 2 )
( x  1) (e 2 x )  e 2 x ( x  1) dx dx
= dx dx 1
( x  1) 2 = x2  + ln x  2x
x
d
( x  1)  e 2 x (2 x)  e 2 x 1 = x + 2x ln x
= dx
( x  1) 2 = x(1 + 2 ln x)
( x  1)  e 2 x  2  e 2 x (b) y = ln (x2 + 4)3 = 3 ln (x2 + 4)

= dy d
( x  1) 2 = [3 ln (x2 + 4)]
dx dx
e 2 x (2 x  2  1)
= d
( x  1) 2 = 3 ln ( x 2  4)
dx
e 2 x (2 x  1) 1 d
= = 3 2  ( x 2  4)
( x  1) 2 x  4 dx
dy d cos x 3
(b) = (e ) = 2  (2 x)
dx dx x 4
d 6x
= ecos x (cos x) = 2
dx x 4
= ecos x (sin x) (c) y = ln (x + 2)(5  x) = ln (x + 2) + ln (5  x)
= ecos x sin x dy d
= [ln (x + 2) + ln (5  x)]
dx dx
dy d 2 x 2
(c) = (x e ) d d
dx dx = ln (x + 2) + ln (5  x)
dx dx
d x2 2 d
1 d 1 d
= x2 (e )  e x (x2 ) =  ( x  2)   (5  x)
dx dx x  2 dx 5  x dx
2 d 2 1 1
= x2  ex (x2 )  e x  2x = 1   (1)
dx x2 5 x
2
= x2  e x  2x  e x  2x
2
1 1
= 
2 x 2 5 x
= 2 xe x ( x 2  1)

Instant Drill 19 (P.4.30) (c) ex  y = xy

d 3x d xy d
f (x) = [e ln (1  x)] (e ) = (xy)
dx dx dx
d d 3x d d d
= e3x ln (1  x) + ln (1  x) (e ) ex  y (x  y) = x ( y ) + y (x)
dx dx dx dx dx
1 d d  dy  dy
= e3x   (1  x)  ln (1  x)  e 3 x  (3 x) ex  y  1   = x +y
1  x dx dx  dx  dx
1 dy dy
= e3x   (1)  ln (1  x)  e 3 x  3 ex  y  ex  y =x +y
1 x dx dx
 1  dy
= e 3 x 3 ln (1  x)  (x + ex  y) = ex  y  y
 1  x  dx
 1  dy ex  y  y
f (0) = e 3( 0) 3 ln (1  0)  =
 1  0  dx x  ex  y
 1
= 1 3 ln 1   (d) ln x  y = y  4
 1
1
= 1 ln ( x  y ) 2 =y4
1
ln ( x  y ) =y4
Instant Drill 20 (P.4.33) 2
d 1  d
(a) 3x2  7y2 + 4xy = 8x ln ( x  y ) = ( y  4)
dx  2  dx
d d
(3x2  7y2 + 4xy) = (8x) 1 1 d dy
dx dx   ( x  y) =
2 x  y dx dx
dy d
6x  14y +4 (xy) = 8 1  dy  dy
dx dx 1   =
dy  d d  2x  2 y  dx  dx
6x  14y + 4 x ( y )  y ( x) = 8
dx  dx dx  1 1 dy dy
  =
dy dy 2 x  2 y 2 x  2 y dx dx
6x  14y + 4x + 4y = 8
dx dx  1  dy 1
1   =
dy 2x  2 y
(4x  14y) = 8  6x  4y  2 x  2 y  dx
dx 2 x  2 y  1 dy 1
dy 8  6 x  4 y  =
= 2 x  2 y dx 2 x  2 y
dx 4 x  14 y
dy 1
4  3x  2 y =
= dx 2x  2 y 1
2x  7 y
(b) sin (y  x) = x2 + y2
d d 2
[sin (y  x)] = (x + y2)
dx dx
d dy
cos (y  x) (y  x) = 2x  2y
dx dx
 dy  dy
cos (y  x)  1 = 2x + 2y
 dx  dx
dy dy
cos (y  x)  cos (y  x) = 2x + 2y
dx dx
dy
[cos (y  x)  2y] = 2x + cos (y  x)
dx
dy 2 x  cos ( y  x)
=
dx cos ( y  x)  2 y

134 Solutions

xy  y 2 ( x  3)3
=1 y=
x2 y  3 3x  2
xy + y2 = x2y + 3  ( x  3)3 
ln y = ln  
d d  3 x  2 
( xy  y 2 ) = ( x 2 y  3)
dx dx
d d d d d ln y = ln (x  3)3  ln 3 x  2
x ( y )  y ( x)  2 y ( y ) = x 2 ( y )  y ( x 2 ) 1
dx dx dx dx dx ln y = 3 ln (x  3)  ln (3 x  2)
dy dy dy 2
x  y  2y = x2  2 xy 1 dy 1 d 1 1 d
dx dx dx = 3 ( x  3)   (3 x  2)
dy y dx x  3 dx 2 3 x  2 dx
(x + 2y  x2) = 2xy  y
dx 1 dy 1 1 1
= 3 1   3
dy 2 xy  y y dx x3 2 3x  2
=
dx x  2 y  x2 dy  3 3 
= y  
When x = 2, dx  x  3 2 (3 x  2 ) 
2y  y2 ( x  3)3  3 3 
=1 =   
( 2) 2 y  3 3 x  2  x  3 2(3 x  2) 
2y + y2 = 4y + 3
y2  2y  3 = 0 Instant Drill 23 (P.4.36)
(y  3)(y + 1) = 0 (a) y = 32x
y = 3 or 1 y = 9x
When x = 2 and y = 3, ln y = x ln 9
dy 2(2)(3)  3 9 1 dy d
= 2
= = ln 9 (x)
dx 2  2(3)  (2) 4 y dx dx
When x = 2 and y = 1, dy
= 32x ln 9
dy 2(2)(1)  (1) 3 dx
= =
dx 2  2(1)  (2) 2 4 (b) y = log4 x
dy 9 3 x = 4y
∴ = or
dx x2 4 4 ln x = y ln 4
1 dy
= ln 4
x dx
dy 1
=
dx x ln 4
Instant Drill 24 (P.4.37)

(a) y = (x + 1)x
ln y = x ln (x + 1)
1 dy d d
=x ln (x + 1) + ln (x + 1) (x )
y dx dx dx
1 d
=x ( x  1) + ln (x + 1)
x  1 dx
x
= + ln (x + 1)
x 1
dy  x 
= ( x  1) x   ln ( x  1)
dx  x 1 

(b) y = x ln x (b) f(x) = x ln (x + 1)

1 d d
ln y = ln (ln x) f (x) = x ln ( x  1)  ln ( x  1) ( x)
x dx dx
1 dy 1 d d 1 1 d
= ln (ln x)  ln (ln x)   = x (x + 1) + ln (x + 1)
y dx x dx dx  x  x  1 dx
1 1 d d x
=   (ln x)  ln (ln x)  ( x 1 ) = + ln (x + 1)
x ln x dx dx x 1
1 1 1 2 d  x  d
=    ln (ln x)  ( x ) f (x) =    ln ( x  1)
x ln x x dx  x  1  dx
1 ln (ln x)
= 2  d d
x ln x x2 ( x  1) ( x)  x ( x  1)
dx dx 1 d
=  ( x  1)
dy x  1 ln (ln x)  ( x  1) 2 x  1 dx
= ln x  2  
dx  x ln x x2  ( x  1)  x 1
= 2

( x  1) x 1
Instant Drill 25 (P.4.40) 1 1
= 
( x  1) 2 x  1
(a) y = 5x4 + 3x3 + 12x  25
1 1
dy d d d d ∴ f (0) =  =2
= 5 ( x 4 ) + 3 ( x 3 ) + 12 ( x)  (25) (0  1) 2 0  1
dx dx dx dx dx
(c) f(x) = x tan x
= 20x3 + 9x2 + 12
d d
d2y d d d f (x) = x (tan x)  tan x ( x)
2
= 20 ( x 3 ) + 9 ( x 2 ) + (12) dx dx
dx dx dx dx
= x sec2 x + tan x
= 60x + 18x
2
d d
x 1 f (x) = ( x sec 2 x)  (tan x)
(b) f(x) = dx dx
x 1 d d
d d = x (sec x)  sec 2 x ( x)  sec 2 x
2
( x  1) ( x  1)  ( x  1) ( x  1) dx dx
f (x) = dx dx
d
( x  1) 2 = x  2 sec x (sec x)  sec 2 x  sec 2 x
dx
( x  1)  ( x  1)
= = x  2 sec x  sec x tan x + 2 sec2 x
( x  1) 2
2 = 2x sec2 x tan x + 2 sec2 x
=
( x  1) 2 ∴ f (0) = 2(0) sec2 0 tan 0 + 2 sec2 0 = 2
= 2(x + 1)2
d Instant Drill 27 (P.4.42)
f (x) = 2(2)(x + 1)3 (x + 1)
dx (a) y = x sin x
4
= d d
( x  1)3 y = x (sin x) + sin x (x)
dx dx
= x cos x + sin x
Instant Drill 26 (P.4.41) d d d
y = x (cos x)  cos x ( x)  (sin x)
(a) f(x) = xex dx dx dx
d d = x(sin x) + cos x + cos x
f (x) = x (e x )  e x ( x)
dx dx = x sin x + 2 cos x
= xex + ex
d d d
f (x) = x (e x )  e x ( x )  (e x )
dx dx dx
= xex + ex + ex
= xex + 2ex
∴ f (0) = (0)e0 + 2e0 = 2

136 Solutions
(b) Using the results of (a), Class Practice 4.1 (P.4.5)

xy + ay + xy + b sin x dy [( x  x)  ( x  x) 2 ]  ( x  x 2 )
1. (a) = lim
= x(x sin x + 2 cos x) + a(x cos x + sin x) + dx x  0 x
x(x sin x) + b sin x x  x  x  2 x ( x )  ( x ) 2  x  x 2
2
= lim
x  0 x
= x2 sin x + 2x cos x + ax cos x + a sin x +
x  2 x ( x )  ( x ) 2
x sin x + b sin x
2 = lim
x  0 x
= (a + b) sin x + (2 + a)x cos x = lim (1  2 x  x)
x  0
∴ (a + b) sin x + (2 + a)x cos x = 0 for all values of x.
= 1  2x
∴ 2+a=0
dy  1  x  x x 
a = 2 (b) = lim    
dx  x  0
 x  4( x  x)  1 4 x  1  
and a+b=0 ( x  x)(4 x  1)  

2 + b = 0 1 x[4( x  x)  1] 
 
= lim   
b=2 x  0 x [ 4( x  x )  1]( 4 x  1)
 
 
Instant Drill 28 (P.4.42)  4 x 2  4 x (  x )  x  x  

 
y = x2 ln x  1 4 x 2  4 x ( x )  x 
= lim   
d d 2  x  0 x
 [ 4 ( x   x )  1]( 4 x  1) 
y = x2 (ln x) + ln x (x )  
dx dx  
1
= x2  + ln x  2x 1 x 
x = lim   
x  0  x [ 4( x  x )  1]( 4 x  1) 
= x + 2x ln x
1
d d = lim
y = ( x)  (2 x ln x) x  0 [ 4( x  x )  1]( 4 x  1)
dx dx
1
 d d  =
= 1 + 2  x (ln x)  ln x ( x) (4 x  1) 2
 dx dx 
 1 
= 1 + 2 x   ln x 
 x  dy x  x  2  x  2
2. (a) = lim
= 1 + 2(1 + ln x) dx x  0 x
= 3 + 2 ln x ( x  x  2  x  2 ) 
∴ xy  y  2x ( x  x  2  x  2 )
= lim
x  0 x ( x  x  2  x  2 )
= x(3 + 2 ln x)  (x + 2x ln x)  2x
x  x  2  ( x  2)
= 3x + 2x ln x  x  2x ln x  2x = lim
x  0 x ( x  x  2  x  2 )
=0 x
= lim
i.e. y = x2 ln x satisfies xy  y  2x = 0. x  0 x ( x  x  2  x  2 )
1
= lim
x  0 x  x  2  x  2
1
=
x2  x2
1
=
2 x2
dy 1 1
(b) = =
dx x2 2 22 4

Class Practice 4.2 (P.4.11) dy d

(b) = (4x4  3x2 + 6x)
dy d dx dx
1. (a) = (10 x 3 ) d d d
dx dx = (4 x 4 )  (3 x 2 )  (6 x)
d dx dx dx
= 10 ( x 3 ) d 4 d 2 d
dx = 4 ( x )  3 ( x )  6 ( x)
dx dx dx
= 10(3x2)
= 4(4x3)  3(2x) + 6(1)
= 30x2
= 16x3  6x + 6
dy d  1 
(b) =   x 6 
dx dx  3 
1 d 6 dy d 1 
= (x ) 4. (a) =   2 x3  2 
3 dx dx dx  x 
1 d 1 d d
=  (6)x6  1 = 3
   ( 2 x )  ( 2)
3 dx  x  dx dx
= 2x7 d d d
= ( x 1 )  2 ( x 3 )  (2)
dx dx dx
dy d  3 x  = x2 + 2(3x2) + 0
2. (a) = 
dx dx  2  = x2 + 6x2
3 d dy d  3 
= ( x) (b) =  x2  4x  2 
2 dx dx dx  x 
1 d d d  3 
3 d 2 = ( x 2 )  (4 x)   2 
= (x ) dx dx dx  x 
2 dx
1 d d d
3  1 1  = ( x 2 )  4 ( x)  3 ( x 2 )
=  x2  dx dx dx
22 
  = 2x  4(1)  3(2x3)
1
3 2 = 2x  4 + 6x3
= x
4
dy d  3  5. (a) f(x) = x4 + C14 x 3 (2)  C24 x 2 (2) 2  C34 x(2)3 +
(b) =  
dx dx  3 x 5 
 (2)4
d  1 
 = x4  8x3 + 24x2  32x + 16
=3
dx  3 x 5 
 d 4
(b) f (x) = (x  8x3 + 24x2  32x + 16)
5 dx
d 3 d d d
=3 (x ) = ( x 4 )  (8 x 3 )  (24 x 2 ) 
dx dx dx dx
5
 5   1 d d
= 3   x 3 (32 x)  (16)
 3 dx dx
8 = 4x 8(3x ) + 24(2x)  32(1) + 0
3 2

=  5x 3
= 4x3  24x2 + 48x  32
f (1) = 4(1)3  24(1)2 + 48(1)  32 = 108
dy d 3
3. (a) = (x + 3x  1)
dx dx
d d d
= ( x 3 )  (3 x)  (1)
dx dx dx
d 3 d d
= ( x )  3 ( x)  (1)
dx dx dx
= 3x + 3(1)  0
2
= 3x2 + 3

138 Solutions
Class Practice 4.3 (P.4.19) ( x  1)( x  2)

(b) y =
dy d x2  2
1. (a) = [(2x2 + 3)(x  4)]
dx dx x 2  3x  2
=
d d x2  2
= (2x2 + 3) (x  4) + (x  4) (2x2 + 3)
dx dx dy d  x 2  3 x  2 
= (2x2 + 3)  1 + (x  4)  4x = 
dx dx  x 2  2 
= 2x2 + 3 + 4x2  16x d
( x 2  2) ( x 2  3 x  2) 
= 6x2  16x + 3 dx
dy d d
(b) = [(x2 + 4x  3)(x2  1)] ( x 2  3 x  2) ( x 2  2)
dx dx = dx
d 2 ( x 2  2) 2
= (x2 + 4x  3) (x  1) +
dx ( x 2  2)(2 x  3)  ( x 2  3 x  2)  2 x
d 2 =
(x2  1) (x + 4x  3) ( x 2  2) 2
dx
= (x2 + 4x  3)  2x + (x2  1)(2x + 4) 2 x3  4 x  3x 2  6  2 x3  6 x 2  4 x
=
( x 2  2) 2
= 2x3 + 8x2  6x + 2x3  2x + 4x2  4
6  3x 2
= 4x3 + 12x2  8x  4 =
( x 2  2) 2
3(2  x 2 )
dy d  x  2 =
2. (a) =  ( x 2  2) 2
dx dx  1  x 2 
d d
(1  x 2 ) ( x 2 )  x 2 (1  x 2 ) 3. (a) Let y = u3 and u = x3  5.
= dx dx
(1  x 2 ) 2 dy dy du
= 
(1  x 2 )  2 x  x 2 (2 x) dx du dx
= d 3 du
(1  x 2 ) 2 = (u ) 
du dx
2x  2x3  2x3 du
= = 3u2 
(1  x 2 ) 2 dx
2x d
= = 3(x 5)2  ( x 3  5)
3
dx
(1  x 2 ) 2
= 3(x3  5)2  3x2
= 9x2(x3  5)2
1
(b) Let y = u = u 2 and u = 2x4 + x2.
dy dy du
= 
dx du dx
1
d du
= (u 2 ) 
du dx
1
1  du
= u 2
2 dx
1
1  d
= (2 x 4  x 2 ) 2  (2 x 4  x 2 )
2 dx
1
1 
= (2 x 4  x 2 ) 2 (8 x 3  2 x)
2
4 x3  x
=
2x4  x2

d dy d
4. f (x) = [(x + 1)4(x  1)] 3. (a) = (1 + cos 2x)2
dx dx dx
d d d
= ( x  1) 4 ( x  1)  ( x  1) ( x  1) 4 = 2(1 + cos 2x) (1 + cos 2x)
dx dx dx
d d d 
= (x + 1)  1 + (x  1)  4(x + 1)3 
4 (x + 1) = 2(1 + cos 2x)  (1)  (cos 2 x)
dx  dx dx 
= (x + 1)4 + (x  1)  4(x + 1)3  1  d 
= 2(1 + cos 2x) 0  (sin 2 x) (2 x)
= (x + 1)3[x + 1 + 4(x  1)]  dx 
= (x + 1)3(x + 1 + 4x  4) = 2(1 + cos 2x)(sin 2x  2)
= (x + 1)3(5x  3) = 4(1 + cos 2x) sin 2x
f (1) = (1 + 1) [5(1)  3] = 0
3 dy d
(b) = [cot 2 (4 x)]
dx dx
d
Class Practice 4.4 (P.4.25) = 2 cot 4x (cot 4x)
dx
dy d d
1. (a) = (tan 3x  3 cos x) = 2 cot 4x  [cosec2 (4x)] (4 x)
dx dx dx
d d = 2 cot 4x  [cosec2 (4x)]  4
= (tan 3 x)  3 (cos x)
dx dx
= 8 cosec2 (4x) cot 4x
d
= sec2 (3x) (3 x)  3(sin x)
dx
= sec2 (3x)  3 + 3 sin x dy d
4. = [(x2  1) cos (x2  1)]
dx dx
= 3 sec2 (3x) + 3 sin x
d d
dy d = ( x 2  1) [cos ( x 2  1)]  cos ( x 2  1) ( x 2  1)
(b) = [(x + 1) sin x] dx dx
dx dx d
d d = ( x 2  1)[ sin ( x 2  1)] ( x 2  1) 
= ( x  1) (sin x)  sin x ( x  1) dx
dx dx
cos ( x 2  1)  2 x
= (x + 1) cos x + sin x  1
= (x2  1)[sin (x2  1)]  2x + cos (x2  1)  2x
= (x + 1) cos x + sin x
= 2x[cos (x 2  1)  (x2  1) sin (x 2  1)]
dy
dy d = 2(1)[cos (12  1) (12  1) sin (12  1)]
2. (a) = [cosec (x2  1)] dx x 1
dx dx
d 2 = 2(1)[cos 0  (0) sin 0]
= cosec (x2  1) cot (x2  1) (x  1)
dx =2
= cosec (x2  1) cot (x2  1)  2x
= 2x cosec (x2  1) cot (x2  1)
dy d  sec x 
(b) =  
dx dx  x 
d d
x (sec x)  sec x ( x)
= dx dx
x2
x(sec x tan x)  sec x 1
=
x2
sec x ( x tan x  1)
=
x2

140 Solutions
Class Practice 4.5 (P.4.30) (b) y = ln (2x2  1)3 = 3 ln (2x2  1)

dy d dy d
1. (a) = [(2x + 1)e2x + 1] = [3 ln (2x2  1)]
dx dx dx dx
d 2x + 1 d d
= (2x + 1) (e ) + e2x + 1 (2x + 1) =3 ln (2x2  1)
dx dx dx
d 1 d
= (2x + 1)  e2x + 1 (2x + 1) + e2x + 1  2 = 3 2  (2 x 2  1)
dx 2x  1 dx
= (2x + 1)  e2x + 1  2 + 2e2x + 1 3
= 2  (4 x)
= 2e2x + 1(2x + 1 + 1) 2x 1
12 x
= 2e2x + 1(2x + 2) = 2
2x 1
= 4(x + 1)e2x + 1 x
1 (c) y = ln = ln x  ln (3x  7)
dy d 3x  7
(b) = (e x  e 1 )
dx dx dy d
= [ln x  ln (3x  7)]
d x d
1 dx dx
= (e )  (e 1 ) d d
dx dx = (ln x)  ln (3 x  7)
1 dx dx
d 1 1 1 d
=ex  0 =   (3 x  7)
dx  x  x 3 x  7 dx
1
d 1 1 3
=ex (x ) = 
dx x 3x  7
1
= e x (x  2 )
1 d  ln x 
3. f (x) =  
ex dx  e x 
=
x2 d d
ex (ln x)  ln x (e x )
(c)
dy
=
d
[(sin x  cos x)ex] = dx dx
dx dx (e x ) 2
d x d 1
= (sin x  cos x) (e ) + ex (sin x  cos x) ex   ln x  e x
dx dx = x
= (sin x  cos x)ex + (e x ) 2
d d  1 x ln x
e x  (sin x)  (cos x) =
 dx dx  xe x
= (sin x  cos x)ex + ex[cos x  (sin x)] 1  (1) ln 1 1
f (1) = 1
=
= e (sin x  cos x + cos x + sin x)
x (1)e e
= 2e sin x
x
dy d  x 2 
2. (a) = 
dx dx  ln x 
d 2 d
ln x (x )  x2 (ln x)
= dx dx
(ln x) 2
1
ln x  2 x  x 2 
= x
(ln x) 2
2 x ln x  x
=
(ln x) 2

Class Practice 4.6 (P.4.37) (d) ln y = y2  2x

1. (a) x3  4xy  y3 = 0 d d 2
(ln y) = (y  2x)
d 3 d dx dx
( x  4 xy  y 3 ) = (0) 1 dy dy
dx dx = 2y 2
2 d 2 dy
y dx dx
3 x  (4 xy )  3 y =0
dx dx  1  dy
 2 y   =2
 d d  dy y  dx
3 x 2  4 x ( y )  y ( x)  3 y 2 =0 
 dx dx  dx
2 y 2 1 dy
dy dy  =2
3x 2  4 x  4 y  3y2 =0 y dx
dx dx
dy 2y
dy = 2
(4x + 3y2) = 3x2  4y dx 2 y 1
dx
dy 3x 2  4 y
=
dx 4x  3y2 2. x 2 y 2  2 xy  1 = 3
(b) cos (xy) = y + sin x
d d x2y2  2xy + 1 = 9
[cos (xy)] = (y + sin x)
dx dx x2y2  2xy = 8
d dy d 2 2 d
sin (xy) (xy) = + cos x (x y  2xy) = (8)
dx dx dx dx
 d d  dy d d 2  d d 
sin (xy)   x ( y )  y ( x) = + cos x x2 ( y2 )  y2 ( x )  2 x ( y )  y ( x) = 0
 dx dx  dx dx dx  dx dx 
dy dy dy  dy 
x sin (xy)  y sin (xy) = + cos x x2  2 y  y 2  2 x  2 x  y = 0
dx dx dx  dx 
dy
[1  x sin (xy)] = cos x + y sin (xy) dy dy
dx 2x2 y  2 xy 2  2 x  2y = 0
dx dx
dy cos x  y sin ( xy )
= dy
dx  1  x sin ( xy ) (2x2y  2x) = 2y  2xy2
dx
cos x  y sin ( xy ) dy 2 y  2 xy 2
= = 2
1  x sin ( xy ) dx 2x y  2x
(c) ey = x + 3y 2 y (1  xy )
=
d y d  2 x(1  xy )
(e ) = (x + 3y)
dx dx y
=
dy dy x
ey =1+3
dx dx When x = 1,
dy
(e 3)
y
=1
dx (1) 2 y 2  2(1) y  1 = 3
dy 1 y2 + 2y + 1 = 9
= y
dx e  3
y2 + 2y  8 = 0
(y  2)(y + 4) = 0
y = 2 or 4
When x = 1 and y = 2,
dy 2
= =2
dx 1
When x = 1 and y = 4,
dy 4
= = 4
dx 1
dy
∴ = 2 or 4
dx x  1

142 Solutions
(2 x  5)3 Class Practice 4.7 (P.4.43)

3. y=
3x  2 1. (a) y = x2 + 2x + 1
 (2 x  5) 3 dy d d d
ln y = ln   = ( x 2 )  2 ( x)  (1)
dx dx dx dx
 3 x  2 
= 2x + 2(1) + 0
ln y = ln (2x + 5)3  ln 3 x  2
1 = 2x + 2
ln y = ln (2x + 5)3  ln (3 x  2) 2 2
d y d d
= 2 ( x )  ( 2)
1 dx 2
dx dx
ln y = 3 ln (2x + 5)  ln (3x  2)
2 = 2(1) + 0
1 dy 1 d 1 1 d
=3  (2 x  5)    (3 x  2) =2
y dx 2 x  5 dx 2 3 x  2 dx
1 dy 1 1 1 (b) y = e2x + 1
= 3 2  3 dy d
y dx 2x  5 2 3x  2 = e2x + 1 (2x + 1)
dx dx
dy  6 3 
= y   = 2e2x + 1
dx  2 x  5 2(3 x  2) 
d2y d
(2 x  5)3  6 3  = 2e 2 x  1 (2 x  1)
=    dx 2
dx
3 x  2  2 x  5 2(3 x  2) 
= 2e2x + 1(2)
= 4e2x + 1
4. (a) y = 42x  1
(c) y = ln (x  1)
ln y = (2x  1) ln 4
dy 1 d
1 dy d =  ( x  1)
= ln 4  (2x  1) dx x  1 dx
y dx dx 1
=
= 2 ln 4 x 1
= ln 42 = (x  1)1
= ln 16 d2y d
2
= (x  1)2 (x  1)
dy dx dx
= 42x  1 ln 16
dx 1
=
(b) y = log 5 x ( x  1) 2
1 (d) y = tan x
y = log 5 x
2 dy
= sec2 x
2y = log5 x dx
x = 52y d2y d
2
= 2 sec x (sec x)
ln x = 2y ln 5 dx dx
1 dy = 2 sec x  sec x tan x
= 2 ln 5
x dx = 2 sec2 x tan x
dy 1
=
dx 2 x ln 5
(c) y = xx + 1
ln y = (x + 1) ln x
1 dy d d
= ( x  1) (ln x)  ln x ( x  1)
y dx dx dx
1
= (x + 1)  + ln x
x
dy  x  1 
= x x  1  ln x 
dx  x 

2. (a) f(x) = xe x ln x
(b) f(x) =
d x x d x
f (x) = x (e )e ( x) d d
dx dx x (ln x)  ln x ( x)
= xe x d
( x)  e x f (x) = dx dx
dx x2
1 1
x 1 2 x
x   ln x
= xe 
2
x e = x 2
x
1
1 2 x x 1  ln x
= x e e =
2 x2
1 d
1
d d d
f (x) = (x 2 e x )  (e x ) x 2 (1  ln x)  (1  ln x) ( x 2 )
2 dx dx f (x) = dx dx
1 1  ( x 2 )2
1 d d
= x 2 (e x )  e x ( x 2 )   1
2  dx dx  x 2     (1  ln x)  2 x
 x
= 
d x4
e x ( x)
dx  x  2 x  2 x ln x
=
1 2
1
d
1
1 2  x4
x x
= x  e ( x)  e  x  3  2 ln x
2 dx 2  =
 x3
1 3  2 ln 1
x 1  ∴ f (1) = = 3
e  x 2
2 13
1 1 1 (c) f(x) = x sin (x  1)
1 1 2 1  2 
= x2 e x
 x e x
 x  d d
2 2 2  f (x) = x [sin ( x  1)]  sin ( x  1) ( x)
  dx dx
1
1  x d
e
 x 2 = x  cos (x  1) (x  1) + sin (x  1)
2 dx
1 x 1 1 = x cos (x  1) + sin (x  1)
= e  e x e x
4 4 x 2 x d d
f (x) = [ x cos ( x  1)]  [sin ( x  1)]
1 1 1 1 dx dx
∴ f (1) = e  e 1 e 1
=e
4 4 1 2 1 d d
= x [cos ( x  1)]  cos ( x  1) ( x) 
dx dx
d
cos ( x  1) ( x  1)
dx
d
= x  [sin (x  1)] (x  1) +
dx
cos (x  1) + cos (x  1)
= x  [sin (x  1)] + 2 cos (x  1)
= 2 cos (x  1)  x sin (x  1)
∴ f (1) = 2 cos (1  1)  (1) sin (1  1) = 2

144 Solutions
cos x 4. y = x2ex
3. (a) y=
x d x d 2
d d y = x 2 (e )  e x (x )
x (cos x)  cos x ( x) dx dx
y = dx dx
= x2ex + ex  2x
x2
x( sin x)  cos x = (x2 + 2x)ex
=
x2 d d 2
y = ( x 2  2 x) (e x )  e x ( x  2 x)
x sin x  cos x dx dx
=
x2 = (x2 + 2x)ex + ex(2x + 2)
d = (x2 + 2x + 2x + 2)ex
x2 ( x sin x  cos x) 
dx = (x2 + 4x + 2)ex
d
( x sin x  cos x) ( x 2 ) ∴ xy  (1 + x)y  y
y =  dx
(x2 )2 = x(x2 + 4x + 2)ex  (1 + x)(x2 + 2x)ex  x2ex
d d  = (x3 + 4x2 + 2x)ex  (x2 + x3 + 2x + 2x2)ex  x2ex
x 2  ( x sin x)  (cos x) 
 dx dx  = (x3 + 4x2 + 2x  x2  x3  2x  2x2  x2)ex
( x sin x  cos x)  2 x =0
=
x4
i.e. y = x2ex satisfies xy  (1 + x)y  y = 0.
 d d 
x  x (sin x)  sin x ( x)  ( sin x) 
 dx dx 
2( x sin x  cos x) Exercise 4A (P.4.5)
=
x3 dy [ 4( x  x )  7 ]  ( 4 x  7 )
1. = lim
x( x cos x  sin x  sin x)  dx x  0 x
2 x sin x  2 cos x 4 x  4( x )  7  4 x  7
= = lim
x  0 x
x3
4( x )
2 cos x  2 x sin x  x 2 cos x = lim
= x  0  x
x3 = lim 4
x  0
(b) Using the results of (a),
=4
xy + ay + b cos x
 2 cos x  2 x sin x  x 2 cos x 
= x  dy [1  2( x  x)]  (1  2 x)
 x3  2. = lim
  dx x  0 x
 x sin x  cos x  1  2 x  2( x )  1  2 x
a    b cos x = lim
 x2  x  0 x
2 cos x 2 sin x a sin x 2( x )
= 2
  cos x   = lim
x x x x  0 x
a cos x = lim (2)
+ b cos x x  0
x2
(2  a ) sin x (2  a ) cos x = 2
=  + (b  1) cos x
x x2
(2  a ) sin x (2  a ) cos x dy [( x  x) 2  3]  ( x 2  3)
∴  + (b  1) cos x = 0 3. = lim
x x2 dx x  0 x
for all values of x.
x 2  2 x ( x )  ( x ) 2  3  x 2  3
∴ 2  a = 0 and b  1 = 0 = lim
x  0 x
a = 2 and b=1 2 x(x)  (x) 2
= lim
x  0 x
= lim (2 x  x)
x  0
= 2x

dy 5( x  x) 2  5 x 2 dy  1  1 1 
4. = lim 8. = lim    
dx x  0 x dx  x  0  x  x  x  3 x  3  
5 x 2  10 x(x)  5(x) 2  5 x 2  1 ( x  3)  ( x  x  3) 
= lim = lim   
x  0 x x  0  x ( x  x  3)( x  3) 
10 x(x)  5(x) 2  1 x  3  x  x  3 
= lim
x  0 x = lim   
x  0  x ( x  x  3)( x  3) 
= lim [10 x  5(x)]
x  0  1  x 
= lim   
= 10x x  0  x ( x  x  3)( x  3) 
1
= lim
x  0 ( x  x  3)( x  3)
dy [3( x  x) 2  4]  (3 x 2  4)
5. = lim
dx x  0 x 1
=
3 x  6 x(x)  3(x) 2  4  3 x 2  4
2 ( x  3) 2
= lim
x  0 x
6 x(x)  3(x) 2 dy 1  1 1 
= lim 9. = lim   
x  0 x 
dx x  0  x  4  ( x  x) 4  x  
= lim [6 x  3(x)]
x  0  1 (4  x)  [4  ( x  x)] 
= 6x = lim   
 x  0  x [4  ( x  x)](4  x) 
 1 4  x  4  x  x 
= lim   
dy [1  6( x  x) 2 ]  (1  6 x 2 ) x  0  x ( 4  x  x )( 4  x ) 
6. = lim
dx x  0 x
 1 x 
1  6 x  12 x(x)  6(x) 2  1  6 x 2
2 = lim   
= lim x  0  x ( 4  x  x )( 4  x ) 
x  0 x
1
 12 x(x)  6(x) 2 = lim
= lim x  0 ( 4  x  x )( 4  x )
x  0 x
= lim [12 x  6(x)] 1
x  0
=
(4  x) 2
= 12x
dy 1  3 3 
dy  1  4 4  10. = lim    
7. = lim     dx x  0  x  2( x  x)  1 2 x  1  
dx x  0  x  x  x x 
 1 3(2 x  1)  3[2( x  x)  1] 
 1 4 x  4( x  x )  = lim   
= lim    x  0   x [2( x  x)  1](2 x  1) 
x  0   x ( x  x ) x 
 1 6 x  3  6 x  6( x )  3 
 1 4 x  4 x  4( x )  = lim   
= lim    x  0  x [ 2( x  x )  1]( 2 x  1) 
x  0   x ( x  x ) x 
1  6( x ) 
 1  4( x )  = lim   
= lim    x  0  x [ 2( x  x )  1]( 2 x  1) 
x  0   x ( x   x ) x 
6
4 = lim
= lim x  0 [ 2( x  x )  1]( 2 x  1)
 x  0 ( x  x ) x
6
4 =
= 2 (2 x  1) 2
x

146 Solutions
11. (a) f (x) dy  1  2  2 

14. (a) = lim    
[( x  x) 2  ( x  x)]  ( x 2  x) dx  x  0   x  1  x  x 1  x  
= lim
x  0 x  1  2(1  x)  2(1  x  x) 
= lim   
x  2 x ( x )  ( x ) 2  x  x  x 2  x
2 x  0   x (1  x  x)(1  x) 
= lim
x  0 x  1  2  2 x  2  2 x  2( x ) 
= lim   
2 x ( x )  ( x ) 2  x x  0   x (1  x  x)(1  x) 
= lim
x  0 x
 1 2( x ) 
= lim (2 x  x  1) = lim   
x  0 x  0  x (1  x  x )(1  x ) 
= 2x + 1 2
= lim
(b) f (1) = 2(1) + 1 = 3 x  0 (1  x  x )(1  x )
2
=
12. (a) f (x) (1  x) 2
[( x  x) 2  6( x  x)]  ( x 2  6 x) dy 2
= lim (b) = =2
x  0 x dx x0 (1  0) 2
x  2 x ( x )  ( x ) 2 
2
6 x  6(  x )  x 2  6 x dy  1  1 1  
= lim 15. (a) = lim   
x  0 x 
dx x  0  x  2( x  x) 2 2 x 2  
2 x ( x )  ( x ) 2  6( x )
= lim  1 x 2  ( x  x ) 2 
x  0 x = lim   
x  0   x 2 x 2 ( x   x ) 2 
= lim (2 x  x  6)  
x  0
 1 x 2  x 2  2 x(x)  (x) 2 
= 2x  6 = lim   
x  0  x
 2 x 2 ( x  x) 2 
(b) f (3) = 2(3)  6 = 0
 1  2 x ( x )  ( x ) 2 
= lim   
x  0   x
 2 x 2 ( x  x) 2 
dy [3( x  x) 2  2( x  x)]  (3 x 2  2 x)
13. (a) = lim  2 x  x
dx x  0 x = lim
 x  0 2 x 2 ( x  x ) 2
3 x  6 x(x)  3(x) 2 
2
2 x
2 x  2(x)  3 x 2  2 x = 4
= lim 2x
x  0 x
1
6 x(x)  3(x) 2  2(x) = 3
= lim x
x  0 x
= lim [6 x  3(x)  2] dy 1
(b) = =1
x  0 dx x  1 (1) 3
= 6x + 2
dy
(b) = 6(1) + 2 = 4
dx x  1

dy [3( x  x)  7] 2  (3 x  7) 2 dy  1  x  x x 
16. = lim 18. = lim    
dx x  0 x dx  x  0  x  x  x  1 x  1  
2
9( x  x)  42( x  x)  49   1 ( x  x)( x  1)  x( x  x  1) 
= lim   
(9 x 2  42 x  49)  x  0  x ( x  x  1)( x  1) 
= lim
x  0 x  1 x 2  x ( x )  x  x  x 2  x ( x )  x 
= lim   
9 x  18 x(x)  9(x) 2  42 x 
2
x  0   x ( x  x  1)( x  1) 

42(x)  49  9 x 2  42 x  49  1 x 
= lim = lim  
x  0 x 
x  0  x ( x  x  1)( x  1) 
18 x(x)  9(x) 2  42(x) 1
= lim = lim
x  0 x x  0 ( x  x  1)( x  1)
= lim [18 x  9(x)  42]
x  0 1
=
= 18x  42 ( x  1) 2
= 6(3x  7)
dy  1  1 1  
19. = lim   2
 
dy ( x  x  2 ) 3  ( x  2 ) 3 dx x  0  x  ( x  x  3) ( x  3) 2  
17. = lim
dx x  0 x  1 ( x  3) 2  ( x  x  3) 2 
[( x  x)  3( x  x) 2 (2) 
3 = lim   
x  0   x
 ( x  x  3) 2 ( x  3) 2 
3( x  x)(2) 2  (2) 3 ] 
 [( x  3)  ( x  x  3)]  
[ x 3  3 x 2 ( 2)  3 x ( 2) 2  ( 2) 3 ]  1 [( x  3)  ( x  x  3)] 
 
= lim = lim  
x  0 x x  0  x 2 2 
 ( x   x  3) ( x  3) 
x  3 x (x)  3 x(x) 2  (x) 3 
3 2
 
6 x 2  12 x(x)  6(x) 2  12 x  12(x)   1 (2 x  x  6)( x) 
= lim   
8  x 3  6 x 2  12 x  8 x  0 x ( x  x  3) 2 ( x  3) 2
= lim  
x  0 x  ( 2 x  x  6)
3 x 2 ( x )  3 x ( x ) 2  ( x ) 3  = lim
x  0 ( x  x  3) 2 ( x  3) 2
12 x(x)  6(x) 2  12(x) 2x  6

= lim =
x  0 x ( x  3) 4
= lim [3 x 2  3 x(x)  (x) 2  12 x  6(x)  12] 2( x  3)
x  0 =
( x  3) 4
= 3x2  12x + 12
2
= 3(x2  4x + 4) =
( x  3) 3
= 3(x  2)2

148 Solutions
dy 3( x  x)  3 x dy 1  1 1 
20. = lim 22. = lim    
dx x  0 x dx x  0  x  x  x x 
[ 3( x  x)  3 x ][ 3( x  x)  3 x ]  1
= lim x  x  x 
x  0 x[ 3( x  x)  3 x ] = lim   
x  0  x ( x  x )( x ) 
 
3( x  x)  3 x
= lim  1 ( x  x  x )( x  x  x ) 
x  0 x[ 3( x  x)  3 x ] = lim   
x  0  x ( x  x )( x )( x  x  x ) 
3(x)  
= lim  1 
x  0 x[ 3( x  x)  3 x ] x  ( x  x )
= lim   
x  0  x ( x  x )( x )( x  x  x ) 
3  
= lim
x  0 3( x  x)  3 x 1  x 
= lim   
3 x  0  x ( x  x )( x )( x  x  x ) 
=  
3x  3x 1
= lim
3 x  0 ( x  x )( x )( x  x  x )
=
2 3x 1
=
( x )( x )( x  x )
dy 2 x  x  4  2 x  4 1
21. = lim =
dx x  0 x 2x x
2( x  x  4  x  4 )
= lim
x  0 x 1 
dy 1 1 
2( x  x  4  x  4 )  23. = lim    
dx x  0  x  x  x  1 x  1 
( x  x  4  x  4 )
= lim  1 x  1  x  x  1 
x  0 x ( x  x  4  x  4 ) = lim   
x  0  x ( x  x  1 )( x  1 ) 
2[( x  x  4)  ( x  4)]  
= lim
x  0 x ( x  x  4  x  4 )  ( x  1  x  x  1 )  
 
2( x )  1 ( x  1  x  x  1 ) 
= lim = lim   
x  0 x ( x  x  4  x  4 ) x  0  x ( x  x  1)( x  1)  

2  ( x  1  x  x  1) 
= lim 
x  0 x  x  4  x  4
 
2  
=
x4  x4  1 ( x  1)  ( x  x  1) 
= lim   
2 x  0 x ( x  x  1 )( x  1 ) 
=  
2 x4  ( x  1  x   x  1 ) 
 
1  
=
x4  
 1  x 
= lim   
x  0 x ( x  x  1 )( x  1 ) 
 
 ( x  1  x  x  1) 

1
= lim
x  0 ( x  x  1 )( x  1 )( x  1  x  x  1 )
1
=
( x  1)( x  1)( x  1  x  1)
1
=
2( x  1) x  1

24. (a) f (x) dy ( x  x ) 2  4  x 2  4

26. (a) = lim
1  1  1   dx x  0 x
= lim   x  x    x   
 x  0 x  x  x  x   [ ( x  x ) 2  4  x 2  4 ] 

 1  1 1 
= lim   x    [ ( x  x ) 2  4  x 2  4 ]
x  0   x  x  x x   = lim
x  0
x[ ( x  x) 2  4  x 2  4 ]
 1  1 1 
= lim 1     [( x  x) 2  4]  ( x 2  4)
x  0  x  x  x x   = lim
 1 x  ( x  x) 
x  0
x[ ( x  x) 2  4  x 2  4 ]
= lim 1   
x  0  x ( x  x) x  x 2  2 x ( x )  ( x ) 2  4  x 2  4
= lim
 1  x  x  0
x[ ( x  x) 2  4  x 2  4 ]
= lim 1   
x  0  x ( x  x) x 
2 x ( x )  ( x ) 2
 1  = lim
= lim 1  
x  0
x[ ( x  x) 2  4  x 2  4 ]
x  0  ( x  x) x 
2 x  x
1 = lim
=1 
x2
x  0
( x  x ) 2  4  x 2  4
1 2x
(b) ∵ >0 =
x2 x  4  x2  4
2
1 2x
∴  2 <0 =
x
2 x2  4
1
1 2 <1 x
x =
x2  4
∴ f (x) <1
dy 0
(b) = =0
dx x0 2
0 4
dy ( x  x ) 3  x 3
25. (a) = lim
dx x  0 x
x 3  3 x 2 ( x )  3 x ( x ) 2 
( x ) 3  x 3
= lim
x  0 x
3 x (  x )  3 x ( x ) 2  (  x ) 3
2
= lim
x  0 x
= lim [3 x  3 x(x)  (x) 2 ]
2
x  0
= 3x2
(b) ∵ 3x2  0 for all real values of x.
dy
∴ cannot be negative.
dx

150 Solutions
27. (a) f (x) dy d  2 x 3 

3. =
1  4 4  dx dx  3 
= lim    
 x  0   x  x  x  6
 x  6  2 d 3
= (x )
 4 3 dx
x  6  x  x  6 
= lim    2
x  0  x ( x  x  6 )( x  6 )  = (3 x 2 )
  3
 ( x  6  x  x  6 )   = 2x2
 
 4 ( x  6  x  x  6 ) 
= lim   
x  0  x ( x  x  6 )( x  6 )   dy d  1 4 
 4. =  x 
  dx dx  2 
 ( x  6  x  x  6 ) 
1 d 4
  = (x )
2 dx
 
 4 ( x  6)  ( x  x  6)  1
= lim   =  (4 x 3 )
x  0 x ( x  x  6 )( x  6 ) 
 2
 
 = 2x3
 ( x  6  x  x  6 ) 
 
  dy d  x 99 
 4  x  5. =
= lim    dx dx  100 
x  0 x ( x  x  6 )( x  6 ) 
  1 d 99
 ( x  6  x  x  6 )  = (x )
 100 dx
4 1
= lim = (99 x 98 )
x  0 ( x  x  6 )( x  6 )  100
99 98
( x  6  x  x  6 ) = x
100
4
=
( x  6 )( x  6 )( x  6  x  6 )
4 dy d  12 10 
= 6. =  x 
dx dx  5 
2( x  6) x  6
12 d 10
2 = (x )
= 5 dx
( x  6) x  6 12
= (10 x 9 )
2 1 5
(b) f (2) =  =
(2  6) 2  6 4 = 24x9
dy d
Exercise 4B (P.4.12) 7. = (4x5)
dx dx
dy d d
1. = (2) = 4 ( x 5 )
dx dx dx
=0 = 4(5x6)
= 20x6
dy d
2. = (3 x 4 )
dx dx
d
= 3 (x4 )
dx
= 3(4x3)
= 12x3

dy d  5  dy d  x 3 x 2 x 4 
8. =   14. =   
dx dx  x 6  dx dx  3 2 4 
d  1 
=5  6  d  x 3  d  x 2  d  x 4 
dx  x  =  
d dx  3  dx  2  dx  4 
=  5 ( x 6 )
dx 1 d 3 1 d 2 1 d 4
= (x )  (x )  (x )
= 5(6x7) 3 dx 2 dx 4 dx
1 1 1
= 30x7 = (3 x 2 )  (2 x)  (4 x 3 )
3 2 4
=x +xx
2 3
dy d 3
9. = (x + x)
dx dx
dy d
d d 15. = (4x5  x2 + 3)
= ( x 3 )  ( x) dx dx
dx dx
d d d
= 3x2 + 1 = (4 x 5 )  ( x 2 )  (3)
dx dx dx
d 5 3
= 4 ( x )  (2 x )  0
dy d dx
10. = (8x3 + 7)
dx dx = 4(5x4)  2x3
d d
= (8 x 3 )  (7) = 20x4 + 2x3
dx dx
d 3
= 8 (x )  0
dx dy d  7 2 
16. =  x  5x 4  3 
= 8(3x2) dx dx  x 
= 24x2 d 7 d d  2 
= (x )  (5 x 4 )   3 
dx dx dx  x 
d d
dy d = 7 x 6  5 ( x 4 )  2 ( x 3 )
11. = (5x6 + x) dx dx
dx dx
d d = 7x + 5(4x )  2(3x4)
6 3
= ( 5 x 6 )  ( x )
dx dx = 7x6 + 20x3 + 6x4
d
=  5 (x6 ) 1
dx 4
dy d
= 5(6x5) + 1 17. = (3 x 3 )
dx dx
= 30x5 + 1 4
d 3
=3 (x )
dx
dy d 2
12. = (x  x + 1)  4 4 1 
dx dx = 3 x 3 
d d d 3 
= ( x 2 )  ( x)  (1)  
dx dx dx 1
= 2x  1 = 4x 3
dy d dy d 
2
13. = (2x  6x3  x4) 18. = ( 5 x 5 )
dx dx dx dx
d d d 4
= (2 x)  (6 x 3 )  (x ) d 5
2
dx dx dx =5 (x )
d d d 4 dx
= 2 ( x)  6 ( x 3 )  (x )
dx dx dx  2  2 1 
=  5  x 5 
= 2(1)  6(3x2)  4x3  5 
 
= 2  18x2  4x3 7

= 2x 5

152 Solutions
dy d 4 23. f(x) =  3 x 4 = 3x2

19. = (4 x )
dx dx d
d f (x) = (3x2)
= 4 (4 x ) dx
dx d
1 =  3 (x2 )
d 4 dx
=4 (x )
dx = 3(2x)
 1 1 1  = 6x
= 4 x 4 
4  f (1) = 6(1) = 6
 
3

= x 4
d 33 
24. f (x) =  x
dx  7 
dy d  6  3 d 3
20. =   = ( x)
dx dx  3 x  7 dx
1
d  1  3 d 3
=6   = (x )
dx  3 x  7 dx
1
1 3  1 1 
=6
d 3
(x ) =  x3 
dx 73 
 
 1  1 1  2
=  6  x 3  1 3
 3  = x
  7
4 2
 1 3 1
= 2x 3 ∵ x =
7 3
7 x2
1 1
∴ f (1) = =
21. f(x) = (2x)4 = 16x4 3 2 7
7 (1)
d
f (x) = (16x4)
dx
d 25. f(x) = x4(1  x2) = x4  x6
= 16 ( x 4 )
dx d
f (x) = ( x 4  x 6 )
= 16(4x3) dx
= 64x3 d d 6
= (x4 )  (x )
dx dx
f (1) = 64(1)3 = 64
= 4x3  6x5
f (1) = 4(1)3  6(1)5 = 2
d  15 x 8 
22. f (x) = 
dx  16  1 3 1
15 d 8 26. f(x) = x x  x 3 = x 2  x 3
= (x )
16 dx d
3 1
15 f (x) = ( x 2  x 3 )
= (8 x 7 ) dx
16 3 1
15 x 7 d d 3
= (x 2 )  (x )
= dx dx
2
1 2
3 2 1 3
15(1) 7 15 = x  x
f (1) = = 2 3
2 2 2
1
3 2 1  3 11
f (1) = (1)  (1) =
2 3 6

2 x3  3x 2  1 30. (a) (x + 1)5 = x5 + C15 x 4  C25 x 3  C35 x 2  C45 x  1

27. f(x) = = 2x2  3x + x1
x = x5 + 5x4 + 10x3 + 10x2 + 5x + 1
d
f (x) = (2x2  3x + x1) (b) f(x)
dx
d d d 1 ( x  1)5  1
= (2 x 2 )  (3 x)  (x ) =
dx dx dx x
d d x 5  5 x 4  10 x 3  10 x 2  5 x  1  1
= 2 ( x 2 )  3 ( x)  ( x 2 ) =
dx dx x
= 2(2x)  3(1)  x2 = x + 5x + 10x + 10x + 5
4 3 2
= 4x  3  x2 f (x)
f (1) = 4(1)  3  (1) = 0 2 d 4
= (x + 5x3 + 10x2 + 10x + 5)
dx
d d d
3x 4  x 3  x 2  x = (x4 )  (5 x 3 )  (10 x 2 ) 
28. f(x) = = 3x3  x2 + x  1 dx dx dx
x d d
d (10 x)  (5)
f (x) = (3x3  x2 + x  1) dx dx
dx d d d
d d 2 d d = 4 x 3  5 ( x 3 )  10 ( x 2 )  10 ( x)  0
= (3 x 3 )  (x )  ( x)  (1) dx dx dx
dx dx dx dx
= 4x3 + 5(3x2) + 10(2x) + 10(1)
d
= 3 (x3 )  2x  1  0 = 4x3 + 15x2 + 20x + 10
dx
= 3(3x2)  2x + 1 f (1)
= 9x2  2x + 1 = 4(1)3 + 15(1)2 + 20(1) + 10
f (1) = 9(1)2  2(1) + 1 = 8 =1
∴ f (1) = 1
29. (a) f(x) = (x2  1)4
= ( x 2 ) 4  C14 ( x 2 )3 (1)  C24 ( x 2 ) 2 (1) 2  31. (a) (x + 1)(x + 2)(x + 3)
C34 ( x 2 )(1) 3  (1) 4
= (x2 + 3x + 2)(x + 3)
= x8  4x6 + 6x4  4x2 + 1 = x3 + 3x2 + 2x + 3x2 + 9x + 6
d 8 = x3 + 6x2 + 11x + 6
(b) f (x) = (x  4x6 + 6x4  4x2 + 1)
dx
d 3
d d d (b) (i) f (x) = (x + 6x2 + 11x + 6)
= ( x 8 )  ( 4 x 6 )  (6 x 4 )  dx
dx dx dx
d 3 d d d
d d
(4 x 2 )  (1)
= ( x )  (6 x 2 )  (11 x)  (6)
dx dx dx dx
dx dx
d d
d 6 d d = 3 x 2  6 ( x 2 )  11 ( x)  0
= 8x  4 ( x )  6 ( x 4 )  4 ( x 2 )  0
7
dx dx
dx dx dx
= 3x2 + 6(2x) + 11(1)
= 8x7  4(6x5) + 6(4x3)  4(2x)
= 3x2 + 12x + 11
= 8x7  24x5 + 24x3  8x
(ii) f (x) = 2
f (0) = 8(0)7  24(0)5 + 24(0)3  8(0) = 0
3x + 12x + 11 = 2
2
3x2 + 12x + 9 = 0
x2 + 4x + 3 = 0
(x + 1)(x + 3) = 0
x = 1 or 3

154 Solutions
Exercise 4C (P.4.20) dy d
6. = [(5  x)(3x2  1)]
dy d dx dx
1. = [(x + 2)(x + 3)] d d
dx dx = (5  x) (3x2  1) + (3x2  1) (5  x)
dx dx
d d
= ( x  2) ( x  3)  ( x  3) ( x  2) = (5  x)  6x + (3x2  1)(1)
dx dx
= (x + 2)  1 + (x + 3)  1 = 30x  6x2  3x2 + 1
=x+2+x+3 = 9x2 + 30x + 1
= 2x + 5
dy d
7. = [(x2 + 1)(x2  2)]
dx dx
dy d
2. = [(2x + 1)(x  7)] d d
dx dx = ( x 2  1) ( x 2  2)  ( x 2  2) ( x 2  1)
dx dx
d d
= (2x + 1) (x  7) + (x  7) (2x + 1) = (x2 + 1)  2x + (x2  2)  2x
dx dx
= 2x3 + 2x + 2x3  4x
= (2x + 1)  1 + (x  7)  2
= 4x3  2x
= 2x + 1 + 2x  14
= 4x  13
dy d
8. = [(4x  1)(x3 + 1)]
dx dx
dy d 2 d 3 d
3. = [x (1  2x)] = (4x  1) (x + 1) + (x3 + 1) (4x  1)
dx dx dx dx
d d 2
= x2 (1  2x) + (1  2x) (x ) = (4x  1)  3x2 + (x3 + 1)  4
dx dx
= 12x3  3x2 + 4x3 + 4
= x2(2) + (1  2x)  2x
= 16x3  3x2 + 4
= x2 + 2x  4x2
= 2x  6x2
dy d  x 
9. =  
dx dx  x  2 
dy d
4. = [(x2 + 2)(3x  4)] d d
dx dx ( x  2) ( x )  x ( x  2)
= dx dx
d d
= ( x 2  2) (3 x  4)  (3 x  4) ( x 2  2) ( x  2) 2
dx dx
( x  2)  1  x  1
= (x + 2)  3 + (3x  4)  2x
2 =
( x  2) 2
= 3x2 + 6 + 6x2  8x x2 x
=
= 9x2  8x + 6 ( x  2) 2
2
=
dy d ( x  2) 2
5. = [(1  2x2)(x + 6)]
dx dx
d d
= (1  2x2) (x + 6) + (x + 6) (1  2x2) dy d  2 x  1 
dx dx 10. =  
dx dx  x  3 
= (1  2x2)  1 + (x + 6)(4x)
d d
= 1  2x2  4x2  24x ( x  3) (2 x  1)  (2 x  1) ( x  3)
= dx dx
= 6x2  24x + 1 ( x  3) 2
( x  3)  2  (2 x  1) 1
=
( x  3) 2
2x  6  2x  1
=
( x  3) 2
5
=
( x  3) 2

dy d  x 2  1  dy d  x 2  x 
11. = 14. =
dx dx  x 2  1  dx dx  x  2 
d d d d
( x 2  1) ( x 2  1)  ( x 2  1) ( x 2  1) ( x  2) ( x 2  x )  ( x 2  x ) ( x  2)
= dx dx = dx dx
( x 2  1) 2 ( x  2) 2
( x 2  1)  2 x  ( x 2  1)  2 x ( x  2)(2 x  1)  ( x 2  x)  1
= =
( x 2  1) 2 ( x  2) 2
2 x3  2 x  2 x3  2 x 2 x 2  3x  2  x 2  x
= =
( x 2  1) 2 ( x  2) 2
4x x2  4x  2
= 2 =
( x  1) 2 ( x  2) 2
dy d   3 x  15. Let y = u3 and u = 1  x.

12. =  
dx dx  x 2  9  dy dy du
d d = 
( x 2  9) ( 3 x )  ( 3 x ) ( x 2  9) dx du dx
= dx dx
d 3 du
( x 2  9) 2 = (u ) 
du dx
( x 2  9)(3)  (3 x)  2 x du
= = 3u2 
( x 2  9) 2 dx
 3 x 2  27  6 x 2 d
= = 3(1  x)2  (1  x)
( x 2  9) 2 dx
3 x 2  27 = 3(1  x)2(1)
=
( x 2  9) 2 = 3(1  x)2
16. Let y = u4 and u = 2x + 9.

dy d  x 2  4 
13. = dy dy du
dx dx  x  1  = 
dx du dx
d d
( x  1) ( x 2  4)  ( x 2  4) ( x  1) d 4 du
= dx dx = (u ) 
( x  1) 2 du dx
du
( x  1)  2 x  ( x 2  4) 1 = 4u3 
= dx
( x  1) 2 d
= 4(2x + 9)3  (2x + 9)
2x2  2x  x2  4 dx
=
( x  1) 2 = 4(2x + 9)3  2
2
x  2x  4 = 8(2x + 9)3
=
( x  1) 2
17. Let y = u5 and u = x2 + x  1.
dy dy du
= 
dx du dx
d 5 du
= (u ) 
du dx
du
= 5u4 
dx
d 2
= 5(x2 + x  1)4  (x + x  1)
dx
= 5(x2 + x  1)4(2x + 1)

156 Solutions
18. Let y = u6 and u = 3x2 5x + 4. 1

21. Let y = = u4 and u = 3x2 + 1.
dy dy du u4
=  dy dy du
dx du dx = 
dx du dx
d 6 du
= (u )  d  4 du
du dx = (u ) 
du du dx
= 6u5  du
dx = 4u5 
d dx
= 6(3x2  5x + 4)5  (3x2  5x + 4)
dx d
= 4(3x2 + 1)5  (3x2 + 1)
= 6(3x  5x + 4) (6x  5)
2 5 dx
= 4(3x2 + 1)5  6x
1 24 x
=
19. Let y = u = u 2 and u = 4x  1. (3 x 2  1)5
dy dy du
= 
dx du dx 1
3
3 
1 22. Let y = = u 2 and u = x3  4.
d du 2 u 2
= (u 2 ) 
du dx dy dy du
1 = 
1  du dx du dx
= u 2
2 dx 1
d  3  2  du
1 
1
d = u 
= (4 x  1) 2  (4 x  1) du  2  dx
 
2 dx
3
1
1 3  1   du
=  u 2 

= (4 x  1) 2  4
2 2 2  dx
 
2 3
= 3  d
4x 1 =  ( x 3  4) 2  ( x 3  4)
4 dx
3
3 
1 =  ( x 3  4) 2  3 x 2
4
20. Let y = 4 u =u4 and u = x2  3x + 5.
9x2
dy dy du = 3
= 
dx du dx 4( x 3  4) 2
1
d du
= (u 4 ) 
du dx dy d
3
23. = [(2x  1)(4x3  x + 5)]
1 4 du dx dx
= u  d
4 dx = (2x  1) (4x3  x + 5) +
3 dx
1  d d
= ( x 2  3 x  5) 4  ( x 2  3 x  5) (4x3  x + 5) (2x  1)
4 dx dx
3
1 
= (2x  1)(12x2  1) + (4x3  x + 5)  2
= ( x 2  3 x  5) 4 (2 x  3)
4 = 24x3  12x2  2x + 1 + 8x3  2x + 10
2x  3
= 3 = 32x3  12x2  4x + 11
2
4( x  3 x  5) 4

dy d (3 x  2)(3 x  2)
24. = [(3x2  1)(3x4  x2  2)] 27. f(x) =
dx dx 9x2  4
d 9x2  4
= (3x2  1) (3x4  x2  2) + =
dx 9x2  4
d d  9 x 2  4 
(3x4  x2  2) (3x2  1) f (x) =  2
dx dx  9 x  4 
= (3x2  1)(12x3  2x) + (3x4  x2  2)  6x
d d
(9 x 2  4) (9 x 2  4)  (9 x 2  4) (9 x 2  4)
= 36x5  12x3  6x3 + 2x + 18x5  6x3  12x dx dx
=
= 54x5  24x3  10x (9 x 2  4) 2
(9 x 2  4)  18 x  (9 x 2  4)  18 x
=
(9 x 2  4) 2
dy d  x 2  x  4 
25. =  
dx dx  2 x  1  162 x 3  72 x  162 x 3  72 x
=
d d (9 x 2  4) 2
(2 x  1) ( x 2  x  4)  ( x 2  x  4) (2 x  1) 144 x
= dx dx =
(2 x  1) 2 (9 x 2  4) 2
(2 x  1)(2 x  1)  ( x 2  x  4)  2 1
= 144 
1 3 48
(2 x  1) 2 ∴ f   = =
2
3
   1 2  25
4x2 1  2x2  2x  8 9   4
=
(2 x  1) 2   3  
2x2  2x  9
=
(2 x  1) 2 x( x 2  1)
28. f(x) =
(2 x  1)( x  2)
dy d  x 2  1  x3  x
26. = = 2
dx dx  x 2  x  1  2 x  3x  2
d d d  x 3  x 
( x 2  x  1) ( x 2  1)  ( x 2  1) ( x 2  x  1) f (x) =  2
dx dx dx  2 x  3 x  2 
=
( x 2  x  1) 2 d
( 2 x 2  3 x  2) ( x 3  x ) 
( x 2  x  1)  2 x  ( x 2  1)(2 x  1) dx
= d
( x 2  x  1) 2 ( x  x ) ( 2 x 2  3 x  2)
3
= dx
2 x3  2 x 2  2 x  2 x3  2 x  x 2  1 ( 2 x 2  3 x  2) 2
=
( x 2  x  1) 2
(2 x 2  3 x  2)(3 x 2  1)  ( x 3  x)(4 x  3)
2
x 1 =
= ( 2 x 2  3 x  2) 2
( x 2  x  1) 2
6 x 4  9 x 3  6 x 2  2 x 2  3x  2 
4 x 4  4 x 2  3x 3  3x
=
( 2 x 2  3 x  2) 2
2 x 4  6 x3  4 x 2  2
=
( 2 x 2  3 x  2) 2
2( 0) 4  6( 0) 3  4( 0) 2  2 1
∴ f (0) = =
[2(0) 2  3(0)  2]2 2

158 Solutions
dy d dy d  (2 x  7)5 
29. = [x(2  x)3] 32. =  
dx dx dx dx  x 
d d
= x (2  x)3  (2  x)3 ( x) d d
dx dx x ( 2 x  7) 5  ( 2 x  7) 5 ( x)
d = dx dx
= x  3(2  x) 2  (2  x)  (2  x)3  1 x2
dx
d
= x  3(2  x)2(1) + (2  x)3 x  5(2 x  7) 4  (2 x  7)  (2 x  7) 5 1
= dx
= (2  x)2(3x + 2  x) x2
= (2  x)2(4x + 2) x  5(2 x  7) 4  2  (2 x  7) 5
=
= 2(2  x)2(2x  1) x2
(2 x  7) 4 [10 x  (2 x  7)]
=
x2
dy d
30. = [(3x + 1)4(x  3)] (2 x  7) 4 (8 x  7)
dx dx =
d d x2
= (3x + 1)4 (x  3) + (x  3) (3x + 1)4
dx dx
d dy d  (3  x) 6 
= (3x + 1)4  1 + (x  3)  4(3x + 1)3  (3x + 1) 33. =  
dx dx dx  x  1 
= (3x + 1)4 + (x  3)  4(3x + 1)3  3 d d
( x  1) (3  x) 6  (3  x) 6 ( x  1)
= (3x + 1)3[3x + 1 + 12(x  3)] = dx dx
= (3x + 1)3(15x  35) ( x  1) 2
d
= 5(3x + 1)3(3x  7) ( x  1)  6(3  x)5  (3  x)  (3  x) 6 1
= dx
( x  1) 2
dy d
31. = ( x 5x 2  4 ) ( x  1)  6(3  x) 5 (1)  (3  x) 6
dx dx =
1 ( x  1) 2
d
= [ x(5 x 2  4) 2 ] (3  x)5 [6( x  1)  (3  x)]
dx =
1 1 ( x  1) 2
d d
=x (5 x 2  4) 2  (5 x 2  4) 2 ( x) (3  x) 5 (6 x  6  3  x)
dx dx =
1 1 ( x  1) 2
1  d
= x  (5 x 2  4) 2  (5 x 2  4)  (5 x 2  4) 2 1 (3  x)5 (5 x  9)
2 dx =
1 1 ( x  1) 2
1 
= x  (5 x 2  4) 2  10 x  (5 x 2  4) 2 (3  x)5 (5 x  9)
2 =

1 ( x  1) 2
2 2 (5 x 2 2
= (5 x  4)  5 x  4)
10 x 2  4
=
5x 2  4
2(5 x 2  2)
=
5x 2  4

d
dy d  x 
 36. f (x) = [(x + 1)(3x  1)]5
34. = dx
dx dx  2 x 2 1 
d
= 5[(x + 1)(3x  1)]4  [(x + 1)(3x  1)]
  dx
d  x  = 5[(x + 1)(3x  1)]4 
=
dx  2
1 
  d d 
 (2 x  1) ( x  1) dx (3 x  1)  (3 x  1) dx ( x  1)
2

 
1 1
d d = 5[(x + 1)(3x  1)]4[(x + 1)  3 + (3x  1)  1]
(2 x 2  1) 2 ( x)  x (2 x 2  1) 2
= dx dx
1 = 5[(x + 1)(3x  1)]4(3x + 3 + 3x  1)
2
[(2 x  1) 2 ]2 = 5[(x + 1)(3x  1)]4(6x + 2)
1 1
1  d = 10(x + 1)4(3x  1)4(3x + 1)
(2 x 2  1) 2 1  x  (2 x 2  1) 2  (2 x 2  1)
= 2 dx f (0) = 10(0 + 1)4[3(0)  1]4[3(0) + 1] = 10
2x2 1
1 1
2 1 
(2 x  1) 2  x  (2 x 2  1) 2  4 x 6
2 d  x 2  1 
= 37. f (x) =  2
2x2  1 dx  x  4 
1
 5
(2 x 2  1) 2 (2 x 2
1  2x2 )  x2 1  d  x2 1 
= = 6 2   
2x2 1  x  4  dx  x 2  4 
   
1 5
=  x2 1 
3
= 6 2  

(2 x 2  1) 2  x 4
d d
( x 2  4) ( x 2  1)  ( x 2  1) ( x 2  4)
d dx dx
35. f (x) = [ ( x  1) 4  1] ( x 2  4) 2
dx
5
1  x 2  1  ( x 2  4)  2 x  ( x 2  1)  2 x
d = 6 2  
= [( x  1) 4  1] 2  x 4
dx   ( x 2  4) 2
1 5
1  d  x 2  1  2 x3  8x  2 x3  2 x
= [( x  1) 4  1] 2  [( x  1) 4  1] = 6 2  
2 dx x  4  ( x 2  4) 2
 
1
1  d 5
= [( x  1) 4  1] 2  4( x  1) 3  ( x  1)  x2 1 
2 dx = 6 2   10 x
 x  4  ( x 2  4) 2
1  
1 
= [( x  1) 4  1] 2  4( x  1) 3  1 60 x( x 2  1) 5
2 =
2( x  1)3 ( x 2  4) 7
=
( x  1) 4  1 60(0)(0 2  1) 5
f (0) = =0
( 0 2  4) 7
2(0  1)3 2
f (0) = = = 2
(0  1)  14 2

160 Solutions
2 dy d
d  x 4  4. = (3 cot 2x)
38. f (x) =  2 dx dx
dx  x  4 
d
=3 (cot 2x)
 x4  d  x4  dx
= 2 2  
  2


 x  4  dx  x  4  d
= 3[cosec2 (2x)] (2x)
d 4 dx
2 4 d 2
 x 4  ( x  4) dx ( x )  x dx ( x  4) = 3 cosec2 (2x)  2
= 2 2 

 x 4 ( x 2  4) 2 = 6 cosec2 (2x)
 x 4  ( x 2  4)  4 x 3  x 4  2 x
= 2 2 
 x 4 ( x 2  4) 2 dy d
  5. = [3 sin (2x  1)]
 x 4  4 x 5  16 x 3  2 x 5 dx dx
= 2 2 
 d
 x  4  ( x 2  4) 2 =3 [sin (2x  1)]
dx
 x 4  2 x 5  16 x 3 d
= 2 2  = 3 cos (2x  1) (2x  1)
 x  4  ( x 2  4) 2 dx
 
 x 4  2 x 3 ( x 2  8) = 3 cos (2x  1)  2
= 2 2 
 x  4  ( x 2  4) 2 = 6 cos (2x  1)
 
4 x 7 ( x 2  8)
=
( x 2  4) 3 dy d   π 
6. = 4 cos  3 x  
dx dx   2 
4(0 7 )(0 2  8)
f (0) = =0 d   π 
( 0 2  4) 3 =4 cos  3 x  
dx   2 
  π  d  π
Exercise 4D (P.4.26) = 4  sin  3 x    3x  
  2  dx  2
dy d
1. = (4 cos 3x)  π
dx dx =  4 sin  3 x    3
d  2
=4 (cos 3x)
dx  π
d =  12 sin  3 x  
= 4(sin 3x) (3x)  2
dx
= 4 sin 3x  3
dy d
= 12 sin 3x 7. = [tan (2x2)]
dx dx
d
= sec 2 (2 x 2 ) (2 x 2 )
dy d  2x  dx
2. =  tan 
dx dx  3  = 4x sec2 (2x2)
2x d  2x 
= sec 2  
3 dx  3  dy d
8. = (sin x cos x)
2 2x dx dx
= sec 2 d d
3 3 = sin x (cos x) + cos x (sin x)
dx dx
= sin x (sin x) + cos x  cos x
dy d
3. = (cosec 4x) = sin2 x + cos2 x
dx dx
d
= (cosec 4x)
dx dy d 2
9. = (x sin x)
d dx dx
= (cosec 4x cot 4x) (4x)
dx d d 2
= x2 (sin x) + sin x (x )
= 4 cosec 4x cot 4x dx dx
= x2 cos x + 2x sin x

dy d  1  dy d
10. =  tan x  15. = (sec x tan x)
dx dx  x  dx dx
d d
1 d d 1 = sec x (tan x) + tan x (sec x)
= (tan x)  tan x   dx dx
x dx dx  x 
= sec x (sec2 x) + tan x (sec x tan x)
1  1 
= sec 2 x  tan x   2  = sec3 x + sec x tan2 x
x  x 
1 1
= sec 2 x  2 tan x dy d
x x 16. = (cot x cos x)
dx dx
d d
= cot x (cos x) + cos x (cot x)
dy d   π  dx dx
11. = cot  2 x  
dx dx   3  = cot x (sin x) + cos x (cosec2 x)
 π d  π = cot x sin x  cos x cosec2 x
=  cosec 2  2 x    2 x  
 3  dx  3
 π dy d 3
=  2 cosec 2  2 x   17. = (x sec x)
 3 dx dx
d d 3
= x3 (sec x) + sec x (x )
dx dx
dy d
12. = [sec (x2 + x)] = x3 sec x tan x + 3x2 sec x
dx dx
d 2
= sec (x2 + x) tan (x2 + x) (x + x)
dx dy d  cosec x 
18. =  
= (2x + 1) sec (x2 + x) tan (x2 + x) dx dx  x 
d d
x (cosec x)  cosec x ( x)
13.
dy d
= (sec x + tan x)2 = dx dx
dx dx x2
d x(cosec x cot x)  cosec x  1
= 2(sec x + tan x) (sec x + tan x) =
dx x2
d d  cosec x ( x cot x  1)
= 2(sec x + tan x)  (sec x)  (tan x) =
 dx dx  x2
= 2(sec x + tan x)(sec x tan x + sec2 x)
= 2 sec x (sec x + tan x)(tan x + sec x) dy d
19. = ( 2  sin x )
dx dx
= 2 sec x (sec x + tan x)2
1
d
= (2  sin x) 2
dx
dy d
14. = (cosec x  cot x)3 1
dx dx 1  d
= (2  sin x) 2 (2  sin x)
d 2 dx
= 3(cosec x  cot x)2 (cosec x  cot x)
dx 1 
1
d d  = (2  sin x) 2 cos x
= 3(cosec x  cot x)2  (cosec x)  (cot x) 2
 dx dx  cos x
=
= 3(cosec x  cot x)2[cosec x cot x  (cosec2 x)] 2 2  sin x
= 3 cosec x (cosec x  cot x)2(cot x + cosec x) π
cos
dy 2
= 3 cosec x (cosec x  cot x)3 ∴ π = =0
dx x  2 π
2 2  sin
2

162 Solutions
d  x x dy d
20. f (x) =  tan  cot  23. = (sin 3x + cos 4x)2
dx  2 2 dx dx
d
d  x d  x = 2(sin 3x + cos 4x) (sin 3x + cos 4x)
=  tan    cot  dx
dx  2  dx  2
d d 
x d x  = 2(sin 3x + cos 4x)  (sin 3 x)  (cos 4 x)
2 x d x  dx dx 
= sec 2      cosec   
2 dx  2   2  dx  2   d
= 2(sin 3x + cos 4x) cos 3 x (3x) 
1 x 1 x  dx
= sec 2  cosec 2
2 2 2 2 d 
π π (sin 4x) (4 x)
dx 
π 1 2 2 1 2 2
f   = sec  cosec = 2(sin 3x + cos 4x)(3 cos 3x  4 sin 4x)
2 2 2 2 2
1 π 1 π
= sec 2  cosec 2
2 4 2 4 dy d
24. = [sin3 (2x)  cos2 (3x)]
1 1 dx dx
=  d d
2 π π = [sin3 (2x)]  [cos2 (3x)]
2 cos 2 sin 2
4 4 dx dx
1 1 d d
=  = 3 sin2 (2x) (sin 2x)  2 cos 3x (cos 3x)
2 2 dx dx
 2  2
2   2  d
 2   2  = 3 sin2 (2x)  cos 2x (2x) 
    dx
=0 d
2 cos 3x  (sin 3x) (3x)
dx
= 3 sin2 (2x)  cos 2x  2  2 cos 3x  (sin 3x)  3
dy d
21. = ( 2 x  tan 3 x ) = 6 sin2 (2x) cos 2x + 6 sin 3x cos 3x
dx dx
1
d
= (2 x  tan 3 x) 2 dy d
dx 25. = (cos 5x tan 2x)
1 dx dx
1  d
d d
= (2 x  tan 3 x) 2 (2 x  tan 3 x) = cos 5x (tan 2x) + tan 2x (cos 5x)
2 dx dx dx
1
1   d d  d
= (2 x  tan 3 x) 2  (2 x)  (tan 3 x) = cos 5x  sec2 (2x) (2x) +
2  dx dx  dx
d
1
1
  d  tan 2x  (sin 5x) (5x)
= (2 x  tan 3 x) 2 2  sec 2 (3 x) (3 x) dx
2  dx  = cos 5x  sec2 (2x)  2 + tan 2x  (sin 5x)  5
1
1 
= 2 sec2 (2x) cos 5x  5 tan 2x sin 5x
= (2 x  tan 3 x) 2 [2  3 sec 2 (3 x)]
2
dy d 2
26. = [x cos (x2  1)]
dy d dx dx
22. = (x + sin2 x)4
dx dx d d 2
= x2 [cos (x2  1)] + cos (x2  1) (x )
d dx dx
= 4(x + sin2 x)3 (x + sin2 x)
dx d 2
= x2[sin (x2  1)] (x  1) + cos (x2  1)  2x
d d  dx
= 4(x + sin2 x)3  ( x)  (sin 2 x)
 dx dx  = x2[sin (x2  1)]  2x + 2x cos (x2  1)
 d  = 2x3 sin (x2  1) + 2x cos (x2  1)
= 4(x + sin2 x)3 1  2 sin x (sin x)
 dx 
= 4(x + sin2 x)3(1 + 2 sin x cos x)
= 4(x + sin2 x)3(1 + sin 2x)

dy d dy d  cot x 
27. = [x cot2 (3x)] 30. =  
dx dx dx dx  1  x cot x 
d d d d
=x [cot2 (3x)] + cot2 (3x) (x) (1  x cot x) (cot x)  cot x (1  x cot x)
dx dx dx dx
d =
= x(2 cot 3x) (cot 3x) + cot2 (3x)  1 (1  x cot x) 2
dx
(1  x cot x)(cosec 2 x) 
d
= x(2 cot 3x)[cosec2 (3x)] (3x) + cot2 (3x)  d d 
dx cot x  x (cot x)  cot x ( x)
= x(2 cot 3x)[cosec2 (3x)]  3 + cot2 (3x)  dx dx 
=
(1  x cot x) 2
= 6x cot 3x cosec2 (3x) + cot2 (3x)
(1  x cot x)(cosec 2 x) 
dy d cot x [ x(cosec 2 x)  cot x 1]
28. = [sec x cos3 (2x)] =
dx dx (1  x cot x) 2
d d  cosec 2 x  x cot x cosec 2 x 
= sec x [cos3 (2x)] + cos3 (2x) (sec x)
dx dx
d x cot x cosec 2 x  cot 2 x
= sec x  3 cos2 (2x) (cos 2x) + =
dx (1  x cot x) 2
cos3 (2x)  sec x tan x  cosec 2 x  cot 2 x
d =
= sec x  3 cos2 (2x)  (sin 2x) (2x) + (1  x cot x) 2
dx
 (1  cot 2 x)  cot 2 x
cos3 (2x)  sec x tan x =
(1  x cot x) 2
= sec x  3 cos2 (2x)  (sin 2x)  2 +
cos3 (2x)  sec x tan x 1  2 cot 2 x
=
(1  x cot x) 2
= 6 sec x cos2 (2x) sin 2x + sec x tan x cos3 (2x)
dy d  cos x  dy d  cot 2 x 
29. =   31. =  
dx dx  1  sin x  dx dx  cosec 2 x 1 
d d d
(1  sin x) (cos x)  cos x (1  sin x) (cosec 2 x  1) (cot 2 x) 
dx dx dx
=
(1  sin x) 2 d
cot 2 x (cosec 2 x  1)
(1  sin x)( sin x)  cos x  cos x = dx
= (cosec 2 x  1) 2
(1  sin x) 2
d
 sin x  sin 2 x  cos 2 x (cosec 2 x  1)[cosec 2 (2 x)] (2 x) 
= dx
(1  sin x) 2 d
(cot 2 x)(cosec 2 x cot 2 x) (2 x)
 (sin x  sin 2 x  cos 2 x) = dx
=
(1  sin x) 2 (cosec 2 x  1) 2
(1  sin x) (cosec 2 x  1)[cosec 2 (2 x)]  2 
=
(1  sin x) 2 (cot 2 x)(cosec 2 x cot 2 x)  2
=
1 (cosec 2 x  1) 2
=
1  sin x  2 cosec3 (2 x)  2 cosec 2 (2 x) 
2 cosec 2 x cot 2 (2 x)
=
(cosec 2 x  1) 2
 2 cosec 2 x [cosec 2 (2 x)  cosec 2 x  cot 2 (2 x)]
=
(cosec 2 x  1) 2
2 cosec 2 x (cosec 2 x  1)
=
(cosec 2 x  1) 2
2 cosec 2 x
=
cosec 2 x  1

164 Solutions
dy d  1  dy d  tan 2 x 

32. =  34. =
dx dx  3 (sec 3 x  1) 2  dx dx  1  tan 2 x 
   
2 1
d 
d  tan 2 x  2
= (sec 3 x  1) 3 = 
dx dx  1  tan 2 x 
5
2  d
1
=  (sec 3 x  1) 3 (sec 3 x  1) 
3 dx 1  tan 2 x  2 d  tan 2 x 
= 
2 
5
 d  2  1  tan 2 x  dx  1  tan 2 x 
= (sec 3 x  1) 3 sec 3 x tan 3 x dx (3 x)
3   
1
1  tan 2 x  2
2 
5
=  
=  (sec 3 x  1) 3 (3 sec 3 x tan 3 x) 2  1  tan 2 x 
3
d d
2 sec 3 x tan 3 x (1  tan 2 x) (tan 2 x)  tan 2 x (1  tan 2 x)
= dx dx
3
(sec 3 x  1)5 (1  tan 2 x) 2
1

1  tan 2 x  2
dy d 4 =  
33. = [ sec3 ( x 2  1) ] 2  1  tan 2 x 
dx dx
3 d
d (1  tan 2 x)(2 tan x) (tan x) 
= [sec ( x 2  1)] 4 dx
dx
d
1 tan 2 x (2 tan x) (tan x)
3  d dx
= [sec ( x 2  1)] 4 [sec ( x 2  1)]
4 dx (1  tan 2 x) 2
1
3  (1  tan 2 x)(2 tan x) sec 2 x 
= [sec ( x 2  1)] 4  
1
4 1  tan 2 x   2 2 tan 3 x sec 2 x
= 
 2 2 d 2  2  1  tan 2 x  (1  tan 2 x) 2
sec ( x  1) tan ( x  1) dx ( x  1)
  1

3
1 1  tan 2 x  2
=

[sec ( x 2  1)] 4 [2x sec (x2 + 1) tan (x2 + 1)] =  
4 2  1  tan 2 x 
3
3x 2 tan x sec 2 x (1  tan 2 x  tan 2 x)
= tan ( x 2  1) [sec ( x 2  1)] 4
2 (1  tan 2 x) 2
1

 tan 2 x  2 tan x sec 2 x
=  
 1  tan 2 x  (1  tan 2 x) 2
 
sec 2 x
= 3
(1  tan 2 x) 2
sec 2 x
=
(1  tan 2 x)3
dy d
35. = (sin2 x)
dx dx
d
= 2 sin x (sin x)
dx
= 2 sin x cos x
= sin 2x
dy
∴  sin 2 x
dx

dy d π
36. = [tan 3x sec2 (3x)] When x = ,
dx dx 4
d d d  x 
= tan 3x [sec2 (3x)] + sec2 (3x) (tan 3x)  
dx dx dx  2 x  cot x 
d
= tan 3x  2 sec 3x (sec 3x) + sec2 (3x)  π π π π
dx  cot  cot 2
d = 4 4 4
2
4
sec2 (3x) (3x)  π π
dx 2 4   cot 4 
d    
= tan 3x  2 sec 3x  sec 3x tan 3x (3x) +
dx π 1 π 1
  
3 sec4 (3x) 4 π 4 π
tan tan 2
= 2 tan2 (3x) sec2 (3x)  3 + 3 sec4 (3x) = 4 4
2
= 3 sec2 (3x) [2 tan2 (3x) + sec2 (3x)]  
π 
= 3 sec2 (3x) {2[sec2 (3x)  1] + sec2 (3x)}   1 
 2 tan π 
= 3 sec2 (3x) [3 sec2 (3x)  2]  
 4
dy π
∴  3 sec 2 (3 x) [3 sec 2 (3 x)  2] 1
dx = 2 2
π 
  1
dy d 2 
37. (a) = (2x + cot x) 1
dx dx =
π
= 2  (cosec2 x) 1
2
= 2  (1 + cot2 x) 2
=
= 1  cot2 x π2
dy
∴  1 cot 2 x
dx dy d
38. (a) = (tan x + cot x)
d  x  dx dx
(b)  
dx  2 x  cot x  = sec2 x + (cosec2 x)
d d = (1 + tan2 x)  (1 + cot2 x)
(2 x  cot x) ( x)  x (2 x  cot x)
= dx dx
= tan2 x  cot2 x
(2 x  cot x) 2
= (tan x + cot x)(tan x  cot x)
(2 x  cot x) 1  x(1  cot 2 x)
= dy
(2 x  cot x) 2 ∴  (tan x  cot x)(tan x  cot x)
dx
x  cot x  x cot 2 x
= d
(2 x  cot x) 2 (b) (tan x + cot x)n
dx
d
= n(tan x + cot x)n  1 (tan x + cot x)
dx
= n(tan x + cot x)n  1(tan x + cot x)(tan x  cot x)
= n(tan x + cot x)n(tan x  cot x)
∴ For any positive integer n,
d
(tan x  cot x) n
dx
= n(tan x + cot x)n(tan x  cot x).

166 Solutions
Exercise 4E (P.4.31) dy d 3 4x
6. = (x e )
dy d dx dx
1. = (4e4x) d d
dx dx = x 3 ( e 4 x )  e 4 x ( x 3 )
d dx dx
= 4e4x (4x)
dx 3 4x d
= x e ( 4 x )  e 4 x ( 3 x  4 )
= 4e4x  4 dx
= 16e4x = x3  e4x  4  e4x(3x4)
= x4e4x(4x  3)
x
dy d
2. = ( 6e 3 ) dy d 2 x
dx dx 7. = (e  e)
x dx dx
d x
= 6e 3   d d
dx  3  = (e 2 x )  (e)
dx dx
x
1 d
= 6e 3  = e2 x (2 x )  0
3 dx
x  1 1 
= 2e 3 = e2 x  2  x 2 
 2 
 
dy d 2 x e2 x
3. = (x e ) =
dx dx x
d d
= x 2 (e x )  e x ( x 2 )
dx dx
dy d x 2  3 x  2
= x2ex + ex  2x 8. = (e )
dx dx
= xex(x + 2) 2 d 2
= e x  3x  2 (x + 3x  2)
dx
2
dy d = (2 x  3)e x  3x  2
4. = (xe8x)
dx dx
d d
= x (e 8 x )  e 8 x ( x) dy d x
dx dx 9. = (e cos x)
d dx dx
= x  e 8 x ( 8 x )  e  8 x  1 d d
dx = e x (cos x)  cos x (e  x )
dx dx
= xe8x(8) + e8x
d
= e8x(1  8x) = ex(sin x) + cos x  e x

( x)
dx
= ex(sin x) + cos x  ex(1)
5x
dy d  e 
 = ex(sin x + cos x)
5. =
dx dx  5 x 

d 5x d dy d x
5x (e )  e 5 x (5 x) 10. = (e sin 2x)
= dx dx dx dx
(5 x) 2 d d
= e x (sin 2 x)  sin 2 x (e x )
d dx dx
5 x  e5 x (5 x)  e5 x  5
= dx d
= e  cos 2 x (2 x)  sin 2 x  e x
x
25 x 2 dx
5 x  e 5 x  5  5e 5 x = ex  cos 2x  2 + sin 2x  ex
= 2
25 x = ex(2 cos 2x + sin 2x)
5 xe  e 5 x
5x
=
5x 2
5x
e  1 
= 1  
x  5x 

dy d  1  15. y = ln (3x + 2)2 = 2 ln (3x + 2)

11. =  ln 
dx dx  x  dy d
= [2 ln (3x + 2)]
1 d 1 dx dx
=   d
1 dx  x  =2 ln (3x + 2)
x dx
 1  1 d
= x  2  = 2  (3 x  2)
3 x  2 dx
 x 
1
1 = 2 3
= 3x  2
x
6
Alternative Method =
3x  2
1
y = ln = ln 1  ln x = ln x
x
dy d 16. ln (x + 3)(x + 4) = ln (x + 3) + ln (x + 4)
= (ln x)
dx dx dy d
= [ln (x + 3) + ln (x + 4)]
d dx dx
= (ln x)
dx d d
= ln ( x  3)  ln ( x  4)
1 dx dx
=
x 1 d 1 d
= ( x  3)  ( x  4)
x  3 dx x  4 dx
dy d 1 1
12. = ln (2x  5) = 
dx dx x3 x4
1 d
= (2 x  5)
2 x  5 dx  x3
2 17. ln   = ln (x + 3)  ln (x + 2)
=  x2
2x  5 dy d
= [ln (x + 3)  ln (x + 2)]
dx dx
dy d  1  d d
13. =  ln x  = ln ( x  3)  ln ( x  2)
dx dx  x  dx dx
1 d 1 d
1 d d 1 = ( x  3)  ( x  2)
= (ln x)  ln x   x  3 dx x  2 dx
x dx dx  x 
1 1
1 1 = 
 1  x3 x2
=   ln x    2 
x x  x 
1 1 1
= 2  2 ln x  1   1
x x 18. y = ln   = ln ( x  5) 2 =  ln ( x 2  5)
2
 2  2
1  x 5 
= 2 (1  ln x)
x dy d  1 
=  ln ( x 2  5)
dx dx  2 
dy d 3 1 d
14. = (x ln x) = ln ( x 2  5)
dx dx 2 dx
d d 1 1 d
= x 3 (ln x)  ln x ( x 3 ) =  2  ( x 2  5)
dx dx 2 x  5 dx
1 1 1
= x 3  + ln x  3x2 =  2  (2 x)
x 2 x 5
= x2 + 3x2 ln x x
= 2
= x2(1 + 3 ln x) x 5

168 Solutions
dy d 2 dy d  x 2  3 x  4 
19. = [x ln (2x + 1)] 22. =
dx dx dx dx  e2 x 
d d 
= x 2 ln (2 x  1)  ln (2 x  1) ( x 2 ) d d
dx dx e2x ( x 2  3 x  4)  ( x 2  3 x  4) ( e 2 x )
2 1 d = dx dx
=x   (2x + 1) + ln (2x + 1)  (2x3) (e 2 x ) 2
2 x  1 dx
1 d
= x 2   2  2x3 ln (2x + 1) e 2 x (2 x  3)  ( x 2  3 x  4)  e 2 x (2 x)
2x  1 = dx
 x  (e 2 x ) 2
= 2 x 3   ln (2 x  1)
 2x 1  e 2 x (2 x  3)  ( x 2  3 x  4)  e 2 x  2
=
(e 2 x ) 2
1 e 2 x [(2 x  3)  2( x 2  3 x  4)]
3 3 1 =
20. y = x ln x  1 = x ln ( x  1) 2 = x 3 ln ( x  1) (e 2 x ) 2
2
dy d  1 3  2x  3  2x2  6x  8
= x ln ( x  1) =
dx dx  2  e2x
 2 x 2  4 x  11
=
1 d 3
2 dx

x ln ( x  1)  =
e2 x
1 d d 
= x3 ln ( x  1)  ln ( x  1) ( x 3 )
2  dx dx  dy d cos 2x
23. = (e )
1 3 1 d  dx dx
= x   ( x  1)  ln ( x  1)  3 x 2  d
2  x  1 dx  = ecos 2x (cos 2x)
dx
1 3 1  d
= x   1  3 x 2 ln ( x  1) = ecos 2x(sin 2x) (2x)
2  x 1  dx
x2  x  = 2ecos 2x sin 2x
=  x  1  3 ln ( x  1)
2  
dy d 2x
24. = (e tan 3x)
dx dx
dy d  e x 
21. = d d 2x
dx dx  e x 1  = e2x (tan 3x) + tan 3x (e )
dx dx
d d x d d
(e x  1) (e x )  e x (e  1) = e2x  sec2 (3x) (3x) + tan 3x  e2x (2x)
= dx dx dx dx
(e x  1) 2 = e2x  sec2 (3x)  3 + tan 3x  e2x(2)
(e x  1)e x  e x  e x = e2x[3 sec2 (3x)  2 tan 3x]
= x 2
(e  1)
e2 x  e x  e2 x ( x  1)3
= x 2 25. y = ln
(e  1) x2
ex = ln (x  1)3  ln (x + 2)
=
(e  1) 2
x
= 3 ln (x  1)  ln (x + 2)
dy d
= [3 ln (x  1)  ln (x + 2)]
dx dx
d d
=3 ln (x  1)  ln (x + 2)
dx dx
1 d 1 d
= 3 ( x  1)  ( x  2)
x  1 dx x  2 dx
3 1
= 
x 1 x  2

dy d  ln ( x 2  3)   1 
26. =   f (0) = e0   ln (0  1) = 1
dx dx  x 2  3   0 1 
d d
( x 2  3) ln ( x 2  3)  ln ( x 2  3) ( x 2  3)
= dx dx d x ln (x + 1)
( x 2  3) 2 30. f (x) = [e ]
dx
1 d 2
( x 2  3)  2 ( x  3)  ln ( x 2  3)  2 x d
x  3 dx = ex ln (x + 1) [x ln (x + 1)]
= dx
( x 2  3) 2
2 x  2 x ln ( x 2  3)  d d 
= = ex ln (x + 1)  x ln ( x  1)  ln ( x  1) ( x)
( x 2  3) 2  dx dx 
2 x[1  ln ( x 2  3)]  1 d 
= = e x ln (x + 1)  x  ( x  1)  ln ( x  1)  1
 x  1 dx 
( x 2  3) 2
 1 
= e x ln (x + 1)  x  1  ln ( x  1)
 x 1 
dy d
27. = ln [sin (x2 + 1)]  x 
dx dx = e x ln (x + 1)   ln ( x  1)
 x  1 
1 d
= [sin (x2 + 1)]
2
sin ( x  1) dx  x 
= ( x  1) x   ln ( x  1)
 x  1 
1 d 2
=  cos ( x 2  1) ( x  1)
sin ( x 2  1) dx  0 
f (0) = (0 + 1)0   ln (0  1) = 0
cos ( x 2  1)  0 1 
=  2x
sin ( x 2  1)
= 2x cot (x2 + 1) d sin x
31. f (x) = (e cos x)
dx
d d
dy d = esin x (cos x)  cos x (esin x )
28. = (cos 2 x ln x ) dx dx
dx dx d
d d = esin x(sin x) + cos x  esin x (sin x)
= cos 2 x (ln x )  ln x (cos 2 x) dx
dx dx = esin x(sin x) + cos x  esin x  cos x
d 1  1 d
= cos 2 x  ln x   ln x (cos 2 x) = esin x(cos2 x  sin x)
dx  2  2 dx
f (0) = esin 0(cos2 0  sin 0) = 1
2 1 1 1 d
= cos x    ln x  2 cos x (cos x)
2 x 2 dx
1 1 d 2x
= cos 2 x  ln x  2 cos x  ( sin x) 32. f (x) = [e (1  cos2 x)]
2x 2 dx
d d 2x
1  cos 2 x  = e2x (1  cos2 x) + (1  cos2 x) (e )
=   2 sin x cos x ln x  dx dx

2 x 
 d
= e2x(2 cos x) (cos x) + (1  cos2 x) 
dx
d
d x e2x (2x)
29. f (x) = [e ln (x + 1)] dx
dx
d d x = e2x(2 cos x)(sin x) + (1  cos2 x)  e2x  2
= ex ln (x + 1) + ln (x + 1) (e )
dx dx = 2e2x sin x cos x + 2e2x sin2 x
1 d = 2e2x sin x (sin x + cos x)
= ex  ( x  1) + ln (x + 1)  ex
x  1 dx
f (0) = 2e2(0) sin 0 (sin 0 + cos 0) = 0
1
= ex  1 + ex ln (x + 1)
x 1
 1 
= ex   ln ( x  1)
 x 1 

170 Solutions
1 d
33. y = ln ( 2 x 4  2 x 2  5 ) = ln (2 x 4  2 x 2  5) 36. (a) f (x) = ( tan x )
2 dx
1
dy d  1  d
= ln (2 x 4  2 x 2  5) = (tan x) 2
dx dx  2  dx
1 1 d 1
1
=  4 (2 x  2 x 2  5)
4  d
= (tan x) 2
2 2 x  2 x 2  5 dx (tan x)
2 dx
1
=  (8 x 3  4 x) sec 2 x
2(2 x 4  2 x 2  5) =
2 tan x
4 x3  2 x
= (b) g(x)
2x4  2x2  5
d
dy 4(1)3  2(1) 2 = ( tan x e tan x
)
= 4 2
= dx
dx x  1 2(1)  2(1)  5 3
d tan x d tan x
= tan x (e )e ( tan x )
dx dx
dy d d d
34. = ln (3 sin x + 2 cos x) = tan x  e tan x
( tan x )  e tan x ( tan x )
dx dx dx dx
1 d
= (3 sin x + 2 cos x) tan x sec 2 x tan x sec 2 x
3 sin x  2 cos x dx = tan x  e  e 
2 tan x 2 tan x
1  d d 
= 3 (sin x)  2 (cos x) e tan x
sec x 2
1 
3 sin x  2 cos x  dx dx  = 1  
2  tan x 
1
= [3 cos x  2( sin x)] π
3 sin x  2 cos x tan π  

3 cos x  2 sin x e 4
sec 2
π 4 1  1 
= g   = 
3 sin x  2 cos x 4 2 π 
 tan 
dy 3 cos π  2 sin π 3  4 
= =
dx x  π 3 sin π  2 cos π 2 1
e
π
cos 2
d = 4 (1  1)
35. (a) f (x) = (sec x + tan x) 2
dx
e
= sec x tan x + sec2 x = 2
 2
= sec x (sec x + tan x)  
 2 
 
(b) g(x)
d = 2e
= [(sec x  tan x) ln (sec x + tan x)]
dx
d Exercise 4F (P.4.37)
= (sec x  tan x) ln (sec x + tan x) +
dx
d 1. x2 + y2 = 25
ln (sec x + tan x) (sec x  tan x) d 2 d
dx ( x  y 2 ) = (25)
1 d dx dx
= (sec x  tan x)  (sec x + tan x) + dy
sec x  tan x dx 2x  2 y =0
dx
ln (sec x + tan x)  (sec x tan x  sec2 x)
dy
sec x  tan x 2y = 2x
=  sec x (sec x + tan x) + dx
sec x  tan x dy x
=
ln (sec x + tan x)  sec x (tan x  sec x) dx y
= sec x (sec x  tan x)[1  ln (sec x + tan x)]
g(0) = sec 0 (sec 0  tan 0)[1  ln (sec 0 + tan 0)]
=1

2. x2 + 4xy  5y2 = 20 5. 2 cos x  sin y = 1

d 2 d d d
(x + 4xy  5y2) = (20) (2 cos x  sin y) = (1)
dx dx dx dx
d dy dy
2 x  4 ( xy )  10 y =0 2(sin x)  cos y =0
dx dx dx
 d d  dy dy
2 x  4  x ( y )  y ( x)  10 y =0  cos y = 2 sin x
 dx dx  dx dx
dy dy dy 2 sin x
2x  4x  4 y  10 y =0 =
dx dx dx cos y
dy
(10y  4x) = 2x + 4y
dx 1
dy 2x  4 y 6. sin (xy) =
= 2
dx 10 y  4 x d d 1
x  2y [sin (xy)] =  
= dx dx  2 
5 y  2x
d
cos ( xy ) ( xy ) =0
dx
2 2  d d 
cos ( xy )   x ( y )  y ( x) =0
3. x3  y3 = 4  dx dx 
2 2
d 3 d dy
( x  y 3 ) = ( 4) x y =0
dx dx dx
1 1 dy y
2  3 2  3 dy =
x  y =0 dx x
3 3 dx
1 1
2  3 dy 2 
y = x 3
3 dx 3 7. y2 = cos (x  2y)

1 d 2 d
dy x 3 (y ) = [cos (x  2y)]
= dx dx
dx 1

3 dy d
y 2y = sin (x  2y) (x  2y)
1
dx dx
y3 dy  dy 
= 2y = sin (x  2y)  1  2 
1 dx  dx 
x3 dy
1 2y = sin (x  2y) +
 y 3 dx
= 
 x dy
2 sin (x  2y)
dx
dy
4. (x + y)2 = 4x [2 sin (x  2y)  2y] = sin (x  2y)
d d dx
( x  y ) 2 = (4 x) dy sin ( x  2 y )
dx dx =
d dx 2[sin ( x  2 y )  y ]
2( x  y ) ( x  y ) = 4
dx
 dy 
2( x  y )1   = 4
 dx 
dy 2
1 =
dx x y
dy 2
= 1
dx x y
2 x y
=
x y

172 Solutions
8. ex + y = ex + ey 11. ln xy = x + y
d x y d d d
(e ) = (e x  e y ) (ln xy ) = ( x  y )
dx dx dx dx
d dy d d
ex  y ( x  y) = e x  e y (ln x  ln y ) = ( x  y )
dx dx dx dx
 dy  dy 1 1 dy dy
e x  y 1   = e x  e y  =1
x y dx dx
 dx  dx
dy dy  1  dy 1
ex  y  ex  y = ex  e y  1 = 1
dx dx  y  dx x
dy  1  y  dy x 1
(e x  y  e y ) = e x  ex + y   =
dx  y  dx x
dy ex  ex  y dy y ( x  1)
= x y =
dx e  ey dx x(1  y )
e x (1  e y )
=
e y (e x  1) 12. ln 2 x  y = y + 1
1
ln (2 x  y ) = y + 1
9. xe + ye = e
y x 2
d d d 1  d
( xe y  ye x ) = (e) ln (2 x  y ) = (y +1)
dx dx dx  2  dx
d y d d d 1 1 d dy
x (e )  e y ( x )  y (e x )  e x ( y) = 0  (2 x  y ) =
dx dx dx dx 2 2 x  y dx dx
dy dy 1 1  dy  dy
xe y  e y  ye x  e x =0  2   =
dx dx 2 2x  y  dx  dx
dy 1 1 dy dy
(e x  xe y ) = ey + yex)  =
dx 2 x  y 2(2 x  y ) dx dx
dy e y  ye x
= x  1  dy 1
dx e  xe y 1   =
 2(2 x  y )  dx 2x  y
 2(2 x  y )  1  dy 1
10. xey = ln y   =
 2 ( 2 x  y )  dx 2 x y
d d
( xe y ) = (ln y ) dy 2
dx dx =
d d 1 dy dx 4x  2 y 1
x (e y )  e y ( x) =
dx dx y dx
dy 1 dy
xe y  ey =
dx y dx
1  dy
  xe y  = ey
y  dx
1  xye y dy
= ey
y dx
dy ye y
=
dx 1  xye y

( x  1) 6 x 4 3
3x  2
13. y= 10
15. y=
( x  2) 3x  8
 ( x  1) 6 x 4  1  3x  2 
ln y = ln  ln y = ln  
10  3  3x  8 
 ( x  2) 
1
ln y = ln (x + 1)6 + ln x4  ln (x + 2)10 ln y = [ln (3x + 2)  ln (3x + 8)]
3
ln y = 6 ln (x + 1) + 4 ln x  10 ln (x + 2) 1 dy 1  1 d 1 d 
=  (3 x  2)  (3 x  8)
1 dy 1 d 1 1 d y dx 3  3 x  2 dx 3 x  8 dx 
= 6 ( x  1)  4   10  ( x  2)
y dx x  1 dx x x  2 dx 1 dy 1  1 1 
1 dy 6 4 10 =  3   3
=   y dx 3  3x  2 3x  8 
y dx x 1 x x  2 1 dy 1 1
= 
dy  6 4 10  y dx 3x  2 3x  8
= y   
dx  x 1 x x  2  dy  1 1 
6 4
= y  
( x  1) x  6 4 10  dx  3x  2 3x  8 
= 10
   
( x  2)  x  1 x x  2  3
3x  2  1 1 
=   
3x  8  3x  2 3x  8 
2x  3
14. y= 1 1
2x  1
16. y = (2 x  1) 2 (3 x  1) 3
1  2x  3 
ln y = ln   1 1
2  2x 1 
ln y = ln [(2 x  1) (3 x  1) 3 ]
2
1
ln y = [ln (2 x  3)  ln (2 x  1)] 1 1
2 ln y = ln (2x + 1) + ln (3x + 1)
2 3
1 dy 1 1 d 1 d  1 dy 1 1 d 1 1 d
=  (2 x  3)  (2 x  1) =  (2 x  1)   (3 x  1)
y dx 2  2 x  3 dx 2 x  1 dx  y dx 2 2 x  1 dx 3 3 x  1 dx
1 dy 1 1 1  1 dy 1 1 1 1
=  2  2 =  2  3
y dx 2  2x  3 2x 1  y dx 2 2x 1 3 3x  1
1 dy 1 1 1 dy 1 1
=  = 
y dx 2x  3 2x 1 y dx 2 x  1 3x  1
dy  1 1  dy  1 1 
= y   = y  
dx  2 x  3 2 x 1 dx  2 x  1 3x  1 
1 1
2x  3  1 1   1 1 
=    = (2 x  1) 2 (3 x  1) 3   
2x 1  2x  3 2x 1   2 x  1 3 x 1
17. y = 5x
ln y = x ln 5
d d
ln y = (x ln 5)
dx dx
1 dy d
= ln 5  ( x)
y dx dx
dy
= 5x ln 5
dx

174 Solutions
18. y = log4 (2x + 1) 20. ln (x + y) = ln x + ln y

2x + 1 = 4y d d
ln (x + y) = (ln x + ln y)
dx dx
ln (2x + 1) = y ln 4
1 d 1 1 dy
d d ( x  y) = 
ln (2x + 1) = (y ln 4) x  y dx x y dx
dx dx
1 d dy 1  dy  1 1 dy
(2x + 1) = ln 4 1   = 
2 x  1 dx dx x  y  dx  x y dx
1 dy 1 1 dy 1 1 dy
 2 = ln 4  = 
2x  1 dx x  y x  y dx x y dx
dy 2  1 1  dy 1 1
=    = 
dx (2 x  1) ln 4 x  y y dx x x  y
 
2
=  y  ( x  y )  dy x yx
(2 x  1) ln 22   =
 y ( x  y )  dx x( x  y )
2
=  x dy y
2(2 x  1) ln 2 =
y ( x  y ) dx x ( x  y )
1
= dy y2
(2 x  1) ln 2 = 2
dx x
19. x ln y  y ln x = 1
21. sin (x + y)  cos (x  y) = 1
d d d
( x ln y )  ( y ln x) = (1) d d d
dx dx dx [sin (x + y)]  [cos (x  y)] = (1)
dx dx dx
d d d d
x (ln y )  ln y ( x)  cos (x + y) (x + y)  [sin (x  y)] (x  y) = 0
dx dx dx dx
 d d   dy   dy 
 y dx (ln x)  ln x dx ( y ) = 0 cos (x + y) 1   + sin (x  y) 1   = 0
   dx   dx 
1 dy 1 dy
x  ln y  y   ln x =0 dy
y dx x dx cos (x + y) + cos (x + y) +
dx
x  dy y dy
  ln x  =  ln y sin (x  y)  sin (x  y) =0
 y  dx x dx
 x  y ln x  dy dy
y  x ln y [sin (x  y)  cos (x + y)] = sin (x  y) + cos (x + y)
  = dx
 y  dx x
dy sin ( x  y )  cos ( x  y )
dy y ( y  x ln y ) =
= dx sin ( x  y )  cos ( x  y )
dx x( x  y ln x)

22. ex + ey = 2exy x2 y2  2x
24. =1
d x d y3x  2
(e + ey) = (2exy)
dx dx x2y2 + 2x = y3x + 2
dy d
ex  e y = 2 (e xy ) d 2 2 d 3
dx dx (x y + 2x) = (y x + 2)
dx dx
dy d
ex  e y = 2e xy ( xy ) d d d d
dx dx x 2 ( y 2 )  y 2 ( x 2 )  2 = y 3 ( x)  x ( y 3 )
dx dx dx dx
dy  d d  dy dy
ex  e y = 2e xy  x ( y )  y ( x) 2x2 y  2 xy 2  2 = y 3  3 xy 2
dx  dx dx  dx dx
x y dy xy dy dy
e e = 2 xe + 2yexy xy (2 x  3 y ) = y3  2xy2  2
dx dx dx
dy dy y 3  2 xy 2  2
(e y  2 xe xy ) = 2yexy  ex =
dx dx xy (2 x  3 y )
dy 2 ye xy  e x
= y When y = 1,
dx e  2 xe xy
x 2 (1) 2  2 x
=1
(1)3 x  2
y2x  y
23. +1=0 x2 + 2x = x + 2
x3  3
x2 + x  2 = 0
y2x  y
= 1 (x  1)(x + 2) = 0
x3  3
y2x + y = x3 + 3 x = 1 or 2 (rejected)
d d When x = 1 and y = 1,
( y 2 x  y) = (x 3  3)
dx dx dy 13  2(1)(1) 2  2
d d dy = =3
y 2 ( x)  x ( y 2 )  = 3x2 dx (1)(1)[2(1)  3(1)]
dx dx dx dy
2 dy dy ∴ =3
y  2 xy  = 3x2 dx y 1
dx dx
dy
(1  2 xy) = 3x2  y2
dx
dy  3x 2  y 2
=
dx 1  2 xy
When x = 1,
y 2 (1)  y
+1=0
13  3
1 1
 y2  y 1 = 0
2 2
y +y2=0
2
(y + 2)(y  1) = 0
y = 2 or 1
When x = 1 and y = 2,
dy  3(1) 2  (2) 2 7
= =
dx 1  2(1)(2) 3
When x = 1 and y = 1,
dy  3(1) 2  12 4
= =
dx 1  2 (1)(1) 3
dy 7 4
∴ = or 
dx x  1 3 3

176 Solutions
1 1
25. x2 sin y = 4  y2 cos x
(2 x  1) 2 (3 x  1) 3
d 2 d 27. y=
( x sin y ) = (4  y2 cos x) 3
dx dx (4 x  3) 4
d d  d
x2 (sin y )  sin y ( x 2 ) =   y 2 (cos x)  1 1 3
dx dx  dx ln y = ln (2 x  1) 2  ln (3 x  1) 3  ln (4 x  3) 4
d 2  1 1 3
cos x ( y ) ln y = ln (2 x  1)  ln (3 x  1)  ln (4 x  3)
dx  2 3 4
dy 1 dy 1 1 d 1 1 d
x 2 cos y  2 x sin y =  y 2 ( sin x)  =  (2 x  1)   (3 x  1) 
dx y dx 2 2 x  1 dx 3 3 x  1 dx
dy 3 1 d
2 y cos x  (4 x  3)
dx 4 4 x  3 dx
dy
(x2 cos y + 2y cos x) = y2 sin x  2x sin y 1 dy 1 1 1 1 3 1
dx =  2  3  4
y dx 2 2x 1 3 3x  1 4 4x  3
dy y 2 sin x  2 x sin y
= 2 1 dy 1 1 3
dx x cos y  2 y cos x =  
y dx 2 x  1 3x  1 4 x  3
When x = 0, 1 1
dy (2 x  1) 2 (3 x  1) 3  1 1 3 
(0)2 sin y = 4  y2 cos (0) = 3    
dx  2 x  1 3 x  1 4 x 3
0 = 4  y2 (4 x  3) 4
y2 = 4
y = 2 28. y = x2x
When x = 0 and y = 2, ln y = 2x ln x
2
dy (2) sin 0  2(0) sin (2) 1 dy d d
= =0 = 2 x (ln x)  ln x (2 x)
dx (0) 2 cos (2)  2(2) cos 0 y dx dx dx
1
When x = 0 and y = 2, = 2 x  + ln x  2
x
dy (2) 2 sin 0  2(0) sin 2 = 2 + 2 ln x
= =0
dx (0) 2 cos 2  2(2) cos 0 dy
∴ = x2x(2 + 2 ln x)
dy dx
∴ =0 = 2x2x(1 + ln x)
dx x0
29. y = xln x
(3 x  2) 3 x  8
26. y= ln y = ln x  ln x
(3 x  4)3
ln y = (ln x)2
ln y = ln (3x + 2) + ln 3 x  8  ln (3x  4)3
1 1 dy d
ln y = ln (3x + 2) + ln (3x + 8)  3 ln (3x  4) = 2 ln x ln x
2 y dx dx
1 dy 1 d 1 1 d 1 dy 1
= (3 x  2)   (3 x  8)  = 2 ln x 
y dx 3 x  2 dx 2 3 x  8 dx y dx x
1 d dy  2 ln x 
3 (3 x  4) = x ln x  
3 x  4 dx dx  x 
1 dy 1 1 1 1 = 2(ln x)xln x  1
= 3  3  3 3
y dx 3 x  2 2 3x  8 3x  4
1 dy 3 3 9
=  
y dx 3 x  2 2(3 x  8) 3 x  4
dy (3 x  2) 3 x  8  3 3 9 
=    
dx (3 x  4)3  3 x  2 2 (3 x  8) 3 x  4

x
 1 f (x)
30. y = 1  
 x d  1 
=  ln 4  2 ln ( x  1)  ln (4 x 2  1)
 1 dx  2 
ln y = x ln 1  
 x 1 d 1 1 d
= 2 ( x  1)   2 (4 x 2  1)
1 dy d  1  1 d x  1 dx 2 4 x  1 dx
= x ln 1    ln 1   ( x)
y dx dx  x   x  dx 1 1 1
= 2    8x
  x 1 2 4x2  1
 1 d 1 1 2 4x
= x  1    ln 1   = 
1 1 dx
  x   x x 1 4x2 1
 
 x  4( x  1) 2
 x  1   1 (b) g(x) =
= x   2   ln 1   4x2  1
 x  1  x   x
 4( x  1) 2 
 1 1 ln g(x) = ln  
= ln 1    2
 x  x 1  4 x  1 
dy  1 
x
  1 1  1 d d  4( x  1) 2 
= 1   ln 1     g ( x) = ln  
dx  x    x  x  1 g ( x) dx dx  4 x 2  1 
1 2 4x
 g ( x) = 
g ( x) x 1 4x2  1
31. y =x x4
1 4( x  1) 2  2 4x 
g(x) =   2 
y = ( x  4) x 4x  1 
2 x  1 4 x 1
1
ln y = ln ( x  4)
x
( x  2)( x  3)
1 dy 1 d d 1 33. (a) y=
=  ln (x + 4) + ln (x + 4)   2x  1
y dx x dx dx  x 
1 1 d d 1  ( x  2)( x  3) 
(x + 4) + ln (x + 4)  ( x 1 ) ln y = ln 
= 
x x  4 dx dx 2  2 x  1 
1 1 1
=  + ln (x + 4)  (x2) ln y = [ln (x + 2) + ln (x + 3)  ln (2x + 1)]
x x4 2
1 ln ( x  4) 1 dy 1  1 d 1 d
=  =  ( x  2)  ( x  3) 
x ( x  4) x2 y dx 2  x  2 dx x  3 dx
1 d 
dy x  1 ln ( x  4)  (2 x  1)
= x  4   2 x  1 dx 
dx  x ( x  4 ) x2 
1 dy 1 1 1 1 
=     2
y dx 2  x  2 x  3 2x 1 
 4( x  1) 2  1 dy 1 1 1
32. (a) f(x) = ln   =  
 4 x 2  1  y dx 2( x  2) 2( x  3) 2 x  1
dy ( x  2)( x  3)  1 1 1 
  =    
 4( x  1) 2  dx 2x 1  2( x  2) 2( x  3) 2 x  1 
= ln  1 
 (4 x 2  1) 2  dy
  (b)
dx x 1
1
= ln 4 + ln (x  1)2  ln (4 x 2  1) 2 (1  2)(1  3)  1 1 1 
=    
1 2(1)  1  2(1  2) 2(1  3) 2(1)  1 
ln 4 + 2 ln (x  1)  ln (4 x 2  1)
2 1
=
12

178 Solutions
34. (a) ln y = ln x2 + ln 3 x  2  ln (x  1)2 35. y = xcos x

1 ln y = cos x  ln x
ln y = 2 ln x + ln (3x  2)  2 ln (x  1)
2 1 dy d d
1 dy 1 1 1 d = cos x (ln x)  ln x (cos x)
= 2   (3 x  2)  y dx dx dx
y dx x 2 3 x  2 dx
1
1 d = cos x   ln x  ( sin x)
2 ( x  1) x
x  1 dx
1
2 3 2 = cos x  sin x ln x
=   x
x 2(3 x  2) x  1
dy 1 
2  2(3 x  2)( x  1)  3 x( x  1)  = y cos x  sin x ln x 
dx x 
2  2 x(3 x  2)
= 1
2 x( x  1)(3 x  2) When x =  and y = ,
π
12 x 2  20 x  8  3 x 2  3 x 
dy 1  1 
=  cos π  sin π ln π 
12 x 2  8 x dx π  π 
=
2 x( x  1)(3 x  2) 1 1
=  
3 x 2  15 x  8 π π
=
2 x( x  1)(3 x  2) 1
= 2
1 dy 3 x 2  15 x  8 π
∴ 
y dx 2 x( x  1)(3 x  2)
(b) ln y = ln x2 + ln 3 x  2  ln (x  1)2 e x ln x
36. y=
x 2 3x  2 ( x  1) 3
ln y = ln
( x  1) 2  e x ln x 
ln y = ln  3
x 2 3x  2  ( x  1) 
y=
( x  1) 2 ln y = ln ex ln x  ln (x + 1)3
2
1 dy 3 x  15 x  8 ln y = x ln x  3 ln (x + 1)
∴ =
y dx 2 x( x  1)(3 x  2) 1 dy d d 1 d
= x (ln x)  ln x ( x)  3  ( x  1)
dy 3 x 2  15 x  8 y dx dx dx x  1 dx
= y
dx 2 x( x  1)(3 x  2) 1 1
= x   ln x  3 
x 2 3x  2 3 x 2  15 x  8 x x 1
= 2
 3
( x  1) 2 x( x  1)(3 x  2) = 1 + ln x 
x 1
x(3 x 2  15 x  8) x  1  ( x  1) ln x  3
= 1 =
2( x  1)3 (3 x  2) 2 x 1
( x  1) ln x  ( x  2)
=
x 1
dy ( x  1) ln x  ( x  2)
∴ = y
dx x 1
e x ln x ( x  1) ln x  ( x  2)
= 3

( x  1) x 1
e x ln x [( x  1) ln x  ( x  2)]
=
( x  1) 4
dy e (1) ln 1[(1  1) ln 1  (1  2)] 1
= =
dx x 1 (1  1) 4 16

 π Exercise 4G (P.4.43)
e 2 x sin  x  
 4 1. y = 5x3 + 3x2 + 9
37. y= 2
x 1 dy d d d
 2x  π  = 5 ( x 3 )  3 ( x 2 )  (9)
dx dx dx dx
 e sin  x  4  
ln y = ln    = 15x2 + 6x
 x2 1 
  d2y d d
  = 15 ( x 2 )  6 ( x)
dx 2 dx dx
  π 
ln y = ln e2x + ln sin  x    ln (x2 + 1) = 30x + 6
  4 
  π 
ln y = 2x + ln sin  x    ln (x2 + 1) 2. y = 3x4  2x3 + x2 + 11x  20
  4 
dy d d d
= 3 ( x 4 )  2 ( x3 )  ( x 2 ) 
1 dy 1 d   π  dx dx dx dx
=2 sin  x   
y dx  π  dx   4  d d
sin  x   11 ( x)  (20)
 4 dx dx
1 d 2 = 12x  6x + 2x + 11
3 2
2
( x  1)
x  1 dx d2y d d d d
= 12 ( x 3 )  6 ( x 2 )  2 ( x)  (11)
1  π d  π dx 2
dx dx dx dx
=2  cos  x    x   
 π  4  dx  4 = 36x 12x + 2
2
sin  x  
 4
1
2
 2x 3. y = (x + 2)6
x 1
dy d
 π 2x = 6(x + 2)7 (x + 2)
= 2  cot  x    2 dx dx
 4  x 1
= 6(x + 2)7
dy
∴ d2y d
dx = 6[7(x + 2)8] (x + 2)
2
  π 2x  dx dx
= y 2  cot  x    2 
  4  x  1 = 42(x + 2)8
 π
e 2 x sin  x  
 4  π 2x   1 
= 2 2  cot  x    2  4. y = 4 x 3  
x 1   4  x  1  x
3 1
dy 
= 4x 2  4x 2
dx x0
3 1
 π dy d d 
2(0)
e sin  0   = 4 (x 2 )  4 (x 2 )
 4  π  2( 0)  dx dx dx
= 2 2  cot  0    2   3   1 3 
1
0 1   4  0  1
= 4 x 2   4  x 2 
π π 2   2 
= sin  2  cot     
4 4 1 3

  = 6x 2  2x 2
2  1  1 3
= 2  d2y d d 
2  π  = 6 (x 2 )  2 (x 2 )
 tan  dx 2
dx dx
 4 
 1    3 5 
1
=
2
(2  1) = 6 x 2   2  x 2 
2   2 
2    
3 2 
1

5
= = 3x 2  3x 2
2
3  1 
= 1  2 
x x 

180 Solutions
1 8. y = e3x + 4
5. y=
3
(3 x  1) 4 dy d
= e3x + 4 (3x + 4)
4 dx dx

= (3 x  1) 3 = 3e3x + 4
7
dy 4  d d2y d
=  (3 x  1) 3 (3 x  1) 2
= 3e3x + 4 (3x + 4)
dx 3 dx dx dx
7 = 3e3x + 4  3
4 
=  (3 x  1) 3  3
3 = 9e3x + 4
7

=  4(3 x  1) 3
10
9. y = 3ex + 4ex
d2y  7  d dy d
2
=  4  (3 x  1) 3 (3 x  1) = 3e  x (  x )  4e x
dx  3 dx dx dx
10
28  = 3ex + 4ex
= (3 x  1) 3  3
3 d2y  d 
10 =  3 e  x (  x )   4e x
 dx 2  dx 
= 28(3 x  1) 3
= 3(ex) + 4ex
= 3ex + 4ex
6. y = 3 sin (4x + )
dy d
=3 [sin (4x + )] 10. y = x3ex
dx dx
d dy d d 3
= 3 cos (4x + ) (4x + ) = x 3 (e x )  e x (x )
dx dx dx dx
= 3 cos (4x + )  4 = x3ex + ex 3x2
= 12 cos (4x + ) = ex(x3 + 3x2)
d2y d d2y d 3 d x
= 12 [cos (4x + )] 2
= ex (x + 3x2) + (x3 + 3x2) (e )
dx 2
dx dx dx dx
d = ex(3x2 + 6x) + (x3 + 3x2)ex
= 12[sin (4x + )] (4x + )
dx = ex(3x2 + 6x + x3 + 3x2)
= 12 sin (4x + )  4 = ex(x3 + 6x2 + 6x)
= 48 sin (4x + )
11. y = ex cos x
7. y = cos (x + 5) dy d d
= e x (cos x)  cos x (e x )
dy d dx dx dx
= sin (x + 5) (x + 5)
dx dx = e (sin x) + cos x  ex
x
=  sin (x + 5) = ex(sin x + cos x)

2
d y d d2y d d x
2
=  [sin (x + 5)] = ex (sin x + cos x) + (sin x + cos x) (e )
dx dx 2
dx dx
dx
d
=  cos (x + 5) (x + 5) = ex[cos x  (sin x)] + (sin x + cos x)ex
dx
=  cos (x + 5)   = ex(cos x  sin x  sin x + cos x)
= 2 cos (x + 5) = ex sin x

12. y = 2 ln (x  3) 15. f(t) = t  1

dy 1 d 1
= 2 ( x  3) = (t  1) 2
dx x  3 dx
1
= 2(x  3)1 1  d
f (t) = (t  1) 2 (t  1)
d2y d 2 dt
2
= 2(1)(x  3)2 ( x  3) 1
dx dx 1 
= (t  1) 2
2 2
=
( x  3) 2 1 1  d
3
f (t) =   (t  1) 2 (t  1)
2 2 dt
3
13. y = ln [3(2x + 1)] 1 
=  (t  1) 2
dy 1 d 4
= [3(2x + 1)] 3
dx 3(2 x  1) dx 1  1
∴ f (0) =  (0  1) 2 = 
1 4 4
= 6
3(2 x  1)
= 2(2x + 1)1 16. g(u) = (u2  1)2
2
d y d d 2
2
= 2(1)(2x + 1)2 (2x + 1) g(u) = 2(u2  1) (u  1)
dx dx
du
= 2(2x + 1)2  2
= 2(u2  1)  2u
4
= = 4u3  4u
(2 x  1) 2
d 3 d
g(u) = 4 (u )  4 (u)
du du
14. y = x2 ln x
dy d d = 4(3u2)  4
= x 2 (ln x)  ln x ( x 2 )
dx dx dx = 12u2  4
2 1 ∴ g(1) = 12(1)2  4 = 8
= x  + ln x  2x
x
= x + 2x ln x
17. y = x3 + kx2 + x
d2y d d
= 1  2 x (ln x)  ln x (2 x) dy d 3 d 2 d
dx 2
dx dx = (x ) + k (x ) + (x)
dx dx dx dx
1
= 1 + 2x  + ln x  2 = 3x2 + 2kx + 1
x
= 1 + 2 + 2 ln x d2y d 2 d d
2
=3 (x ) + 2k (x) + (1)
= 3 + 2 ln x dx dx dx dx
= 6x + 2k
d2y
∵ =2
dx 2 x0
∴ 6(0) + 2k = 2
2k = 2
k=1

182 Solutions
18. y = e4x 21. y = ln (2x + 5)6

dy d dy 1 d
= e  4 x ( 4 x ) = (2x + 5)6
dx dx dx (2 x  5) 6 dx
= 4e4x
1 d
=  6(2x + 5)5 (2x + 5)
d2y  d  (2 x  5) 6
dx
2
=  4 e  4 x ( 4 x ) 
dx  dx  6
= 2
= 4(4e4x) 2x  5
= 16e4x = 12(2x + 5)1
d2y dy d2y d
+4 = 16e4x + 4(4e4x) = 12(1)(2x + 5)2 (2x + 5)
dx 2
dx dx 2 dx
= 16e4x 16e4x = 12(2x + 5)2  2
=0 24
=
2 (2 x  5) 2
d y dy
∴ 4 0
dx 2
dx d2y 24
∴ = = 24
dx 2 x  2 [2(2)  5]2
3
19. f(x) = e x
d 3  x 1 
f (x) = e x
3
(x ) 22. y = ln   = ln (x + 1)  ln (x  2)
dx  x2
3 dy 1 d 1 d
= 3 x 2e x = ( x  1)  ( x  2)
d 3 3 d
dx x  1 dx x  2 dx
f (x) = 3 x 2 (e x )  e x (3 x 2 ) = (x + 1)1  (x  2)1
dx dx
3
= 3 x 2  3 x 2e x + e x  6 x
3
d2y d
2
= (1)(x + 1)2 (x + 1) 
3 dx dx
= e x (9 x 4  6 x)
d
3 (1)(x  2)2 (x  2)
∴ f (1) = e1 [9(1)4 + 6(1)] = 15e dx
1 1
= 
20. f(x) = ln (x2 + 4) ( x  1) 2 ( x  2) 2
1 d 2 d2y 1 1 3
f (x) = 2 (x + 4) ∴ = 2
 2
=
x  4 dx dx 2 x 1 (1  1) (1  2) 4
2x
= 2
x 4
d d
( x 2  4) ( 2 x )  2 x ( x 2  4)
f (x) = dx dx
( x 2  4) 2
( x 2  4)  2  2 x  2 x
=
( x 2  4) 2
2x2  8  4x2
=
( x 2  4) 2
8  2x2
=
( x 2  4) 2
8  2( 0) 2 1
∴ f (0) = 2 2
=
( 0  4) 2

23. f() =  3 cos 25. (a) y = x4 + x3

d d d 4 d 3
f () =  3 (cos ) + cos ( 3) y = (x ) + (x )
d d dx dx
=  3(sin ) + 3 2 cos = 4x3 + 3x2
=  2(3 cos    sin ) d 3 d 2
y = 4 (x ) + 3 (x )
dx dx
d
f () =  2 (3 cos    sin ) + = 12x2 + 6x
d
d (b) Using the results of (a),
(3 cos    sin ) ( 2)
d x2y + y  12y
 d  d = x2(12x2 + 6x) + (4x3 + 3x2)  12(x4 + x3)
=  2 3 (cos  )   (sin  ) 
 d  d = 12x4 + 6x3 + 4x3 + 3x2  12x4  12x3
d  = 2x3 + 3x2
sin  ( )  + 2 (3 cos    sin )
d  ∴ 2x3 + 3x2 = ax3 + bx2 for all values of x.
= 2[3 (sin )   cos   sin ] +
∴ a = 2 and b = 3
2 (3 cos    sin )
=  2(4 sin    cos ) + 2 (3 cos    sin )
26. (a) y = e2x + e3x
= 4 sin    cos  + 6 cos   2 sin 
2 3 2
d d
y = (e 2 x )  (e3 x )
= (6   3) cos   6 2 sin  dx dx
f () = (6  3) cos   62 sin  d d
∴ = e 2 x (2 x)  e3 x (3 x)
dx dx
= (6  3)(1)  62(0)
= 2e2x + 3e3x
= (2  6) d d
y = 2 (e 2 x )  3 (e3 x )
dx dx
24. f() = sin  cos  d d
= 2e 2 x (2 x)  3e3 x (3 x)
1 dx dx
= sin 2 = 2e 2 x  2  3e3 x  3
2
1 d = 4e2x + 9e3x
f () = cos 2 (2 )
2 d (b) Using the results of (a),
= cos 2 y  3y + 4y
d
f () = sin 2 (2) = (4e2x + 9e3x)  3(2e2x + 3e3x) + 4(e2x + e3x)
d
= 4e2x + 9e3x  6e2x  9e3x + 4e2x + 4e3x
= 2 sin 2
= 2e2x + 4e3x
 π  π
f   + 1 =  2 sin  2    1 ∴ 2e2x + 4e3x = ae2x + be3x for all values of x.
12
   12 
π ∴ a = 2 and b = 4
=  2 sin  1
6
1
=  2   1
2
=0
 π
∴ f    1  0
 12 

184 Solutions
27. (a) y = emx 29. y = x3 ln x

dy d d d 3
= emx (mx) y = x3 (ln x) + ln x (x )
dx dx dx dx
= memx 1
2
= x3  + ln x  3x2
d y d x
= memx (mx)
dx 2 dx = x2 + 3x2 ln x
= memx  m d d
y = 2x + 3x2 (ln x) + ln x (3x2)
= m2emx dx dx
1
d2y dy = 2x + 3x2  + ln x  6x
4 + 3y = m2emx  4memx + 3emx x
dx 2 dx
= 5x + 6x ln x
= emx(m2  4m + 3)
xy  2y = x(5x + 6x ln x)  2(x2 + 3x2 ln x)
d2y dy
∴ 2
 4  3 y  e mx (m 2  4m  3) = 5x2 + 6x2 ln x  2x2  6x2 ln x
dx dx
= 3x2
d2y dy
(b) 2
4 + 3y = 0 ∴ xy  2y = 3x2
dx dx
emx(m2  4m + 3) = 0
emx = 0 (rejected) 30. y = ex sin 3x
d d x
or m2  4m + 3 = 0 y = ex (sin 3x) + sin 3x (e )
dx dx
(m  1)(m  3) = 0 d
= ex cos 3x (3x) + ex sin 3x
m = 1 or 3 dx
= ex cos 3x  3 + ex sin 3x
28. (a) y = sin (x2 + 1) = ex(3 cos 3x + sin 3x)
d 2 d
y = cos (x2 + 1) (x + 1) y = ex (3 cos 3x + sin 3x) +
dx dx
= 2x cos (x2 + 1) d x
(3 cos 3x + sin 3x) (e )
d d dx
y = 2x [cos (x2 + 1)] + cos (x2 + 1) (2x)  d d 
dx dx = ex  3 sin 3 x (3 x)  cos 3 x (3 x) 
d 2  dx dx 
= 2x[sin (x2 + 1)] (x + 1) + cos (x2 + 1)  2
dx ex(3 cos 3x + sin 3x)
= 2x[sin (x2 + 1)]  2x + 2 cos (x2 + 1) = ex(9 sin 3x + 3 cos 3x) + ex(3 cos 3x + sin 3x)
= 2 cos (x2 + 1)  4x2 sin (x2 + 1) = ex(9 sin 3x + 3 cos 3x + 3 cos 3x + sin 3x)
(b) xy  y + 4x3y = ex(6 cos 3x  8 sin 3x)
= x[2 cos (x2 + 1)  4x2 sin (x2 + 1)]  ∴ y  2y + 10y
2x cos (x2 + 1) + 4x3 sin (x2 + 1) = ex(6 cos 3x  8 sin 3x) 
= 2x cos (x2 + 1)  4x3 sin (x2 + 1)  2ex(3 cos 3x + sin 3x) + 10ex sin 3x
2x cos (x2 + 1) + 4x3 sin (x2 + 1) = 6ex cos 3x  8ex sin 3x  6ex cos 3x 
=0 2ex sin 3x + 10ex sin 3x
∴ xy  y + 4x3y = 0 =0
i.e. y = ex sin 3x satisfies y  2y + 10y = 0.

31. y = xe2x (b) y = sin x + cos x

dy d d dy d d
= x (e 2 x )  e 2 x ( x ) = cos πx ( πx)  ( sin πx) ( πx)
dx dx dx dx dx dx
d =  cos x   sin x
= xe 2 x (2 x)  e 2 x
dx
d2y d d
= xe2x  2 + e2x 2
= π (cos πx)  π (sin πx)
dx dx dx
= e2x(2x + 1) d d
= π( sin πx) ( πx)  π  cos πx ( πx)
d2y d d dx dx
2
= e 2 x (2 x  1)  (2 x  1) (e 2 x )
dx dx dx = 2 sin x  2 cos x
d
= e2x  2 + (2x + 1)  e2x (2x) d2y
dx  π2 y
dx 2
= 2e2x + (2x + 1)  e2x  2
= 2 sin x  2 cos x + 2(sin x + cos x)
= 2e2x(1 + 2x + 1)
= 2 sin x  2 cos x + 2 sin x  2 cos x
= 4e (x + 1)
2x
=0
2
d y dy
 4  y = 4e2x(x + 1)  4e2x(2x + 1) + xe2x d2y
dx 2
dx ∴  π2 y  0
dx 2
= 4xe2x + 4e2x  8xe2x  4e2x + xe2x
= 3xe2x
e x  e x
d2y dy 33. (a) y=
∴ 2
 4  y  3 xe 2 x e x  ex
dx dx d x x
(e x  e  x )
(e  e ) 
dx
32. (a) y = ex + ex d
(e x  e  x ) (e x  e  x )
dy dx
dy d d =
= e πx ( πx)  e  πx ( πx) dx (e x  e  x ) 2
dx dx dx
= ex   + ex()  d 
( e x  e  x ) e x  e  x (  x )  
 dx 
= ex  ex
 d 
d2y d d ( e x  e  x ) e x  e  x (  x ) 
2
= π e πx ( π x )  π e  πx (  π x ) =  dx 
dx dx dx
(e x  e  x ) 2
= e    e ()
x x
(e x  e  x )(e x  e  x )  (e x  e  x )(e x  e  x )
= 2ex + 2ex =
(e x  e  x ) 2
2
d y 2
 2y = 2ex + 2ex  2(ex + ex)  e x  ex 
dx 2 =1  x 
 e  ex 
= 2ex + 2ex  2ex  2ex  
=0 = 1  y2
dy
d2y ∴  1 y2
∴  π2 y  0 dx
dx 2
dy
(b) ∵ = 1  y2
dx
d2y dy
∴ =  2y
dx 2 dx
= 2y(1  y2)
= 2y(1  y)(1  y)
= 2y(y  1)(y + 1)
2
d y
∴  2 y ( y  1)( y  1)
dx 2

186 Solutions
x2  1 2. (a) f (x)
34. (a) y =
x2 1  1  4  4  
d d = lim   x  x    x   
( x 2  1) ( x 2  1)  ( x 2  1) ( x 2  1) x  0   x
  ( x  x ) 2  x 2  
y = dx dx
( x 2  1) 2  1  4 4  
= lim  x  2
 2 
x  0   x ( x  x ) x  
( x 2  1)  2 x  ( x 2  1)  2 x  
=
( x 2  1) 2  1  4 4  
3 3 = lim 1   2
 2 
2x  2x  2x  2x x  0 
 x  ( x  x) x  
=
( x 2  1) 2
 1 4 x 2  4 ( x  x ) 2 
4 x = lim 1   
= 2  x
x  0  ( x  x) 2 x 2 
( x  1) 2
∴ (x2  1)2y = 4x  1 4 x 2  4 x 2  8 x ( x )  4( x ) 2 
= lim 1   
 x
x  0  ( x  x ) 2 x 2 
(b) (x2  1)2y = 4x
d d  1  8 x ( x )  4( x ) 2 
[(x2  1)2y] = (4x) = lim 1   
dx dx  x
x  0  ( x  x) 2 x 2 
d d 2
(x2  1)2 (y) + y (x  1) 2 = 4   8 x  4( x ) 
dx dx = lim 1  2 2 
d 2 x  0
 ( x  x ) x 
(x2  1)2y + y  2(x2  1) (x  1) = 4
dx   8x 
=1   4 
(x2  1)2y + y  2(x2  1)  2x = 4  x 
(x2  1)2y + 4x(x2  1)y = 4 8
=1 3
∴ (x2  1)2y + 4x(x2  1)y + 4 = 0 x
(b) If x > 2, then
Supplementary Exercise 4 (P.4.47) x3 > 23

8
[( x  x)3  1]  ( x 3  1) <1
1. (a) f (x) = lim x3
x  0 x
8
x  3 x ( x )  3 x ( x ) 2 
3 2  3 > 1
x
( x ) 3  1  x 3  1 8
= lim 1 3 > 1  1
x  0 x x
3 x 2 ( x )  3 x ( x ) 2  ( x ) 3 ∴ f (x) > 0
= lim
x  0 x
= lim [3 x  3 x(x)  (x) 2 ]
2
dy d  4 
x  0 3. (a) = π ( x 3  1)
= 3x 2 dx dx  3 
2 4 d 3
1 1 3 = π ( x  1)
(b) f   = 3  = 3 dx
2 2 4 4 d d 
= π  ( x 3 )  (1)
3  dx dx 
4
= π (3x2 + 0)
3
= 4x2

dy d  4e 2  d
(b) =  x  6. f (x) = [(2 + x4)(1  3x2)]
dx dx  3  dx
d d
4e d 2 = (2 + x4) (1  3x2) + (1  3x2) (2 + x4)
= (x ) dx dx
3 dx
= (2 + x4)(6x) + (1  3x2)  4x3
4e
= (2x) = 12x  6x5 + 4x3  12x5
3
8e = 18x5 + 4x3  12x
= x
3
d  2x  5 
7. f (x) =  
dx  3 x  1 
dy d
4. (a) = (6x5 + 3x) d d
dx dx (3 x  1) (2 x  5)  (2 x  5) (3 x  1)
d d = dx dx
= (6 x 5 )  (3 x) (3 x  1) 2
dx dx
d 5 d (3 x  1)  2  (2 x  5)  3
= 6 ( x )  3 ( x) =
dx dx (3 x  1) 2
= 6(5x4) + 3(1) 6 x  2  6 x  15
=
= 30x4 + 3 (3 x  1) 2
17
(b) y = x4(3  4x2) =
(3 x  1) 2
= 3x4  4x6
dy d
= (3x4  4x6)
dx dx 8. Let f(u) = u2 and u = x(x  1) = x2  x.
d d d du
= (3 x 4 )  (4 x 6 ) f (x) = f(u) 
dx dx du dx
d 4 d d 2 du
= 3 ( x )  4 ( x6 ) = (u ) 
dx dx du dx
= 3(4x3)  4(6x5) du
= 2u 
dx
= 12x3  24x5
d 2
= 2x(x  1)  (x  x)
dx
dy d = 2x(x  1)(2x  1)
5. (a) = (5x4 + x2)
dx dx
d d
= (5 x 4 )  ( x  2 ) 1
dx dx 9. Let f(u) = 3u2 and u = x  1.
d 4 d 6
= 5 ( x )  ( x 2 ) d du
dx dx f (x) = f (u ) 
du dx
= 5(4x3) + (2x3)
d du
= (3u 2 ) 
= 20x3  2x3 du dx
dy d  1 1  du
(b) = 1  3  6  = 6u 
dx dx  x x  dx
d 1  d 1 
= (1 + x3  x6) = 6 x  1   x  1
dx  6  dx  6 
d d d 1  1
= (1)  ( x 3 )  ( x 6 ) = 6 x  1 
dx dx dx  6  6
= 0 + (3x4)  (6x7) 1
= x 1
= 3x4 + 6x7 6

188 Solutions
1 d  1
10. Let f(u) = 5
= u5 and u = x2 + 4x + 8. 13. f (x) =  x cos 
u dx  x
d du d  1 1 d
f (x) = f (u ) 
du dx =x  cos   cos ( x)
dx  x x dx
d 5 du
= (u )   1 d 1 1
du dx = x  sin     cos  1
du  x dx x
   x
= 5u6 
dx  1 d 1
= x  sin  ( x 1 )  cos
d 2  x  dx x
= 5(x2 + 4x + 8)6  (x + 4x + 8)
dx  1 1
= 5(x2 + 4x + 8)6(2x + 4) = x  sin ( x  2 )  cos
 x x
10( x  2) 1 1 1
= 2
( x  4 x  8) 6 = sin  cos
x x x
1
d
11. Let f(u) = u = u 2 and u = 2x3 + 4x  7. 14. f (x) = ( 1  sin x )
dx
d du
f (x) = f (u )  d
1
du dx = (1  sin x) 2
1 dx
d 2 du
= (u )  1  d
1
du dx = (1  sin x) 2 (1  sin x)
1 2 dx
1  du
= u 2 1 
1
2 dx = (1  sin x) 2 ( cos x)
1 2
1  d
= ( 2 x 3  4 x  7) 2  ( 2 x 3  4 x  7) cos x
2 dx =
1
2 1  sin x
1 
= ( 2 x 3  4 x  7 ) 2 ( 6 x 2  4)
2
d
3x 2  2 15. f (x) = [tan (x2  )]
= dx
2 x3  4 x  7 d 2
= sec2 (x2  ) (x  )
dx
1 = 2x sec2 (x2  )
12. Let f(u) = 3 u = u 3 and u = 27x6 + 8.
d du
f (x) = f (u )  d  cot x 
du dx 16. f (x) =  
1
dx  x 
d 3 du d d
= (u )  x (cot x)  cot x ( x)
du dx dx dx
2 =
1  du x2
= u 3
3 dx x(cosec 2 x)  cot x  1
=
1  d
2
x2
= (27 x 6  8) 3  (27 x 6  8) 1 1
3 dx = cosec 2 x  2 cot x
2 x x
1 
= (27 x 6  8) 3  162 x 5
3
54 x 5
= 2
(27 x 6  8) 3

d 2 2x d
17. f (x) = (x e ) 20. f (x) = [4x3 ln (2x + 3)]
dx dx
d d d d
= x 2 (e  2 x )  e  2 x ( x 2 ) = 4x3 ln (2x + 3) + ln (2x + 3) (4x3)
dx dx dx dx
2x d 1 d
=x e 
2 (2x) + e2x  2x = 4x3  (2x + 3) + ln (2x + 3)  12x2
dx 2 x  3 dx
= x2  e2x(2) + 2xe2x 1
= 4x3   2 + 12x2 ln (2x + 3)
= e2x(2x2 + 2x) 2x  3
8 x3
=  12 x 2 ln (2 x  3)
2x  3
d  e x  1 
18. f (x) =
dx  x  1 
21. y2(x  3) = 2x
d d
( x  1) (e x  1 )  e x  1 ( x  1) d 2 d
= dx dx [y (x  3)] = (2x)
( x  1) 2 dx dx
d d 2
d y2 (x  3) + (x  3) (y ) = 2
( x  1)  e x  1 ( x  1)  e x  1 1 dx dx
= dx
dy
( x  1) 2 y2 + (x  3)  2 y =2
dx
( x  1)  e x  1  1  e x  1 dy
= 2y(x  3) = 2  y2
( x  1) 2 dx
( x  1  1)e x  1 dy 2  y2
= =
( x  1) 2 dx 2 y ( x  3)
xe x  1
=
( x  1) 2 22. 2ex  y = x2 + y2  1
d d 2
(2ex  y) = (x + y2  1)
dx dx
d  ln ( x  1) 
19. f (x) = d dy
dx  x 2  2e x  y (x  y) = 2x + 2 y
dx dx
d d dy  dy
x2 ln ( x  1)  ln ( x  1) ( x 2 ) x y 
dx dx 2e 1   = 2x + 2 y
=  dx  dx
( x2 )2
dy dy
1 d 2ex  y  2e x  y = 2x + 2 y
x2  ( x  1)  ln ( x  1)  2 x dx dx
= x  1 dx dy
x4 (2ex  y + 2y) = 2ex  y  2x
dx
x2 dy 2e x  y  2 x
 2 x ln ( x  1) = x y
= x 1
dx 2e  2y
x4
1 2 ln ( x  1) ex  y  x
=  =
2
x ( x  1) x3 ex  y  y

190 Solutions
3
23. y = (1 + 2x)(1 + 4x)(1 + 8x) 
26. f(x) = (4 x  1) 4
ln y = ln [(1 + 2x)(1 + 4x)(1 + 8x)]
7
3  d
ln y = ln (1 + 2x) + ln (1 + 4x) + ln (1 + 8x) f (x) =  (4 x  1) 4 (4 x  1)
4 dx
1 dy 1 d 1 d
= (1  2 x)  (1  4 x)  3 
7
y dx 1  2 x dx 1  4 x dx =  (4 x  1) 4  4
1 d 4
(1  8 x) 
7
1  8 x dx =  3(4 x  1) 4
2 4 8
=    7  d
11
1  2 x 1  4 x 1  8x f (x) =  3  (4 x  1) 4 (4 x  1)
dy  2 4 8   4 dx
= y    11
dx  1  2 x 1  4 x 1  8x  21 
= (4 x  1) 4  4
 2 4 8  4
= (1  2 x)(1  4 x)(1  8 x)    11
 1  2 x 1  4 x 1  8x  
= 21(4 x  1) 4
x2
24. (a) y= dy  1  2 2 
( x  1)3 27. (a) = lim    
dx x  0  x  x  x  1 x  1 
ln y = ln x2  ln (x + 1)3
 2 x  1  x  x  1 
ln y = 2 ln x  3 ln (x + 1) = lim   
x  0  x ( x  x  1 )( x  1 ) 
1 dy 1 1 d  
= 2  3 ( x  1)
y dx x x  1 dx  ( x  1  x  x  1 )  
 
1 dy 2 3  2 ( x  1  x  x  1 ) 
=  = lim  
y dx x x 1 x  0  x (

 x  x  1)( x  1)  
dy 2 3  
= y    ( x  1  x  x  1) 
dx  x x 1
 
x2 2 3   
= 3 
 
( x  1)  x x  1   2 ( x  1)  ( x  x  1) 
= lim   
x  0 x ( x  x  1 )( x  1 ) 
dy 12  2 3  1  
(b) = 3
 =  
dx x 1 (1  1)  1 1  1  16  ( x  1  x   x  1 ) 
 
 
25. y = x2(x  1)(x + 3)  2  x 
= lim   
= x2(x2 + 2x  3) x  0 x ( x  x  1 )( x  1 ) 
 
 ( x  1  x   x  1 ) 
= x4 + 2x3  3x2  
dy d d d 2
= ( x 4 )  2 ( x3 )  3 ( x 2 ) = lim
dx dx dx dx x  0 ( x  x  1 )( x  1 ) 
= 4x3 + 2(3x2)  3(2x) ( x  1  x  x  1 )

= 4x + 6x  6x
3 2
2
2
=
d y d d d ( x  1)( x  1)( x  1  x  1)
2
= 4 ( x 3 )  6 ( x 2 )  6 ( x)
dx dx dx dx 2
=
= 4(3x2) + 6(2x)  6(1) ( x  1)(2 x  1)
= 12x + 12x  6
2

3
=  ( x  1) 2
= 6(2x2 + 2x  1)
3
dy  1
(b) =  (3  1) 2 =
dx x3 8

28. (a) f (x) ( x  2) 5  32  80 x

(b) f(x) =
 1  ( x  x) 4  x4   x2
= lim    ( x  x ) 2    x 2   x 5  10 x 4  40 x 3  80 x 2  80 x  32 
x  0  x  2  2 
    
32  80 x
 1  ( x  x) 4  2( x  x) 2  x 4  2 x 2   =
= lim   x2

x  0   x 
  2   = x3  10x2 + 40x  80
 1 d 3
= lim  [ x 4  4 x 3 ( x )  6 x 2 ( x ) 2  f (x) = (x  10x2 + 40x  80)
x  0  2 (  x ) dx
d d d d
4 x ( x ) 3  ( x ) 4  2 x 2  4 x ( x )  = ( x 3 )  10 ( x 2 )  40 ( x)  (80)
dx dx dx dx
 = 3x2  10(2x) + 40(1)  0
2(x) 2  x 4  2 x 2 ]
 = 3x2  20x + 40
 1 f (2) = 3(2)2  20(2) + 40
= lim  [ 4 x 3 ( x )  6 x 2 ( x ) 2  4 x ( x ) 3 
x  0  2 (  x )
= 12

(x) 4  4 x(x)  2(x) 2 ] ∴ f (2) = 12

 ( x ) 3
= lim 2 x 3  3 x 2 (x)  2 x(x) 2   30. (a) (x  1)(x + 1)(x2 + 1)
x  0 
 2
= (x2  1)(x2 + 1)

2 x  x  = x4  1

( x  1)( x  1)( x 2  1)  1
= 2x3 + 2x (b) (i) f(x) =
x
(b) For x  0,
x4 11
f ( x) 2 x 3  2 x =
= x
2x 2x
=x 3
=x +1
2
d
>0+1 f (x) = ( x 3 )
dx
=1 = 3x2
f ( x) (ii) f (t) = 6
∴ is always greater than 1.
2x
3t2 = 6
t2 = 2
29. (a) (x  2)5
t = 2
= x 5  C15 x 4 (2)  C 25 x 3 (2) 2  C35 x 2 (2) 3 
C45 x(2) 4  (2) 5
d d
= x5  10x4 + 40x3  80x2 + 80x  32 31. f (x) = (3x  1) (x + 2)4 + (x + 2)4 (3x  1)
dx dx
d
= (3x  1)  4(x + 2)3 (x + 2) + (x + 2)4  3
dx
= (3x  1)  4(x + 2)3  1 + 3(x + 2)4
= (x + 2)3[4(3x  1) + 3(x + 2)]
= (x + 2)3(12x  4 + 3x + 6)
= (x + 2)3(15x + 2)

192 Solutions
2
x 2  3x  4 d  2x  3 
32. f(x) = 34. f (x) =  
x 1 dx  x  2 
1
 2x  3  d  2x  3 
( x 2  3 x  4) 2 = 2   
=  x  2  dx  x  2 
x 1
 2x  3 
d 2
1 = 2 
( x  1) ( x  3 x  4) 2   x2 
dx  d d 
1
d  ( x  2) dx (2 x  3)  (2 x  3) dx ( x  2) 
( x 2  3 x  4) 2 ( x  1)  
f (x) = dx  ( x  2) 2 
( x  1) 2  
1  d 2
1  2 x  3   ( x  2)  2  (2 x  3) 1 
( x  1) ( x 2  3 x  4) 2 ( x  3 x  4)  = 2  
2 dx  x  2  ( x  2) 2 
1  2 x  3   2 x  4  2 x  3 
( x 2  3 x  4) 2  1 = 2  
=  x  2   ( x  2) 2 
( x  1) 2
 2x  3   7 

1 1 = 2  
( x  1)( x 2  3 x  4)  3)  2( x 2  3 x  4) 2
2 (2 x  x  2    2) 2 
( x
=
2( x  1) 2 14(2 x  3)
=
( x  1)(2 x  3)  2( x 2  3 x  4) ( x  2) 3
= 1 14[2(0)  3] 21
f (0) =  =
2( x 2  3 x  4) 2 ( x  1) 2 ( 0  2) 3 4
2x 2  x  3  2x 2  6x  8
= 1
dy cos [2( x  x)]  cos 2 x
2( x 2  3 x  4) 2 ( x  1) 2 35. = lim
dx  x  0 x
5 x  11
= 2( x  x)  2 x 2( x  x)  2 x
1 2 sin sin
2( x 2
 3 x  4) 2 ( x  1) 2 = lim 2 2
x  0 x
2 sin (2 x  x) sin x
= lim
(4 x  5)(4 x  5) x  0 x
33. f(x) =
16 x 2  25  sin x 
= lim  2 sin (2 x  x) 
x  0  x 
16 x 2  25
= sin x
16 x 2  25 =  2 lim sin (2 x  x)  lim
x  0 x  0  x
d
(16 x  25) (16 x 2  25) 
2
= 2 sin 2x  1
dx
d = 2 sin 2x
(16 x  25) (16 x 2  25)
2
f (x) = dx
(16 x 2  25) 2
(16 x 2  25)  32 x  (16 x 2  25)  32 x
=
(16 x 2  25) 2
512 x 3  800 x  512 x 3  800 x
=
(16 x 2  25) 2
1 600 x
=
(16 x 2  25) 2
1
1600 
1 4 100
∴ f   = 2
=
4
   1 2  169
 
16
    25 
  4  

dy e 3 ( x  x )  e 3 x dy d
36. = lim 38. = [x sec (x2  1)]
dx x  0 x dx dx
d d
e 3 x  3 ( x )  e 3 x = x [sec ( x 2  1)]  sec ( x 2  1) ( x)
= lim dx dx
x  0 x
d 2
3x
e e 3 ( x )
 e3 x = x  sec (x2  1) tan (x2  1) (x  1) +
= lim dx
x  0 x sec (x2  1)  1
e3 x [e3( x )  1] = x  sec (x2  1) tan (x2  1)  2x + sec (x2  1)
= lim
x  0 x
= sec (x2  1)[2x2 tan (x2  1) + 1]
e 3 ( x )  1
= e3 x lim
x  0 x
2x
e 3 ( x )  1 dy d x  1
3x
= 3e lim 39. = (e )
x  0 3( x ) dx dx
2x
= 3e3x  1 d  2x 
= e x 1  
dx  x  1 
= 3e3x
d d
2x ( x  1) (2 x)  2 x ( x  1)
=e x  1  dx dx
dy d   x  1  ( x  1) 2
37. = cosec  
dx dx   x  2x
( x  1)  2  2 x  1
 = e 1
x 
 x 1      ( x  1) 2
=  cosec   cot  x  1   d  x  1  2x
 x   x  dx  x  2x  2  2x
  = e x 1 
 1 ( x  1) 2
 x 1   x  1  d  x  1  2  2x
=  cosec   cot    

 x  
 x  dx  x   2e x  1
  =
( x  1) 2
 x 1   
=  cosec   cot  x  1  
 x   x 
  dy d
1 40. = [x ln (x2 + 9)]
 dx dx
1  x 1 2 d  x 1
    d d
2 x  dx  x  = ln ( x 2  9) ( x)  x ln ( x 2  9)
dx dx
 x 1   
=  cosec   cot  x  1   = ln ( x 2  9) 1  x  2
1 d 2
( x  9)
 x   x 
  x  9 dx
1 1
1  x 1

2 d = ln ( x 2  9)  x  2  2x
  (1 + x1) x 9
2 x  dx
2x2
= ln ( x 2  9) 
x2  9
 x 1   
=  cosec   cot  x  1  
 x   x 
 
1

1  x 1 2
  ( x  2 )
2 x 
1  x 1   
=
x
cosec   cot  x  1 
2x 2
x 1  x   x 
 

194 Solutions
x2  2x  5 dy d
41. y = ln 45. = [(1 + e5x)4 + (1 + e4x)5]
x2  2x  5 dx dx
d d
1  x 2  2 x  5  = 4(1 + e5x)3 (1 + e5x) + 5(1 + e4x)4 (1 + e4x)
= ln dx dx
2  x 2  2 x  5 
d d
= 4(1 + e5x)3  e5x (5x) + 5(1 + e4x)4  e4x (4x)
1 dx dx
= [ln (x2 + 2x + 5)  ln (x2  2x  5)]
2 = 4(1 + e5x)3  e5x  5 + 5(1 + e4x)4  e4x  4
dy d  1 2 2 
=  [ln ( x  2 x  5)  ln ( x  2 x  5)] = 20e4x[(1 + e5x)3ex + (1 + e4x)4]
dx dx  2 
dy
1 1 d 2 = 20e4(0){[1 + e5(0)]3e0 + [1 + e4(0)]4}
=  2 ( x  2 x  5)  dx x0
2  x  2 x  5 dx
= 20(1)(23 + 24)
1 d 2 
( x  2 x  5) = 480
x 2  2 x  5 dx 
1  2x  2 2x  2 
=  2   d
2  x  2x  5 x2  2x  5  46. g(x) = (cosec x + cot x)3
x 1 x 1 dx
= 2  2 d
x  2x  5 x  2x  5 = 3(cosec x + cot x)2 (cosec x + cot x)
dx
= 3(cosec x + cot x)2[cosec x cot x  (cosec2 x)]
dy d x 2
42. = (e ln x) = 3 cosec x (cosec x + cot x)2(cot x + cosec x)
dx dx
2 d d 2
= 3 cosec x (cosec x + cot x)3
= ex (ln x)  ln x (e x ) 3
dx dx 1 π 1 π π π 
g   =  3 cosec  cosec  cot  
2 1 2 d 3 4 3 4 4 4 
= e x   ln x  e x (x2 )  
x dx 3
 
1
1  1 
2 2
= e x   ln x  e x  2 x 
1

x = 
π π π 
2 1
sin  sin tan 
 4 4 4 
= e x   2 x ln x 
x  3
 
 
1  1 1
= 
dy d 1  1 1
43. = [tan (e2x + 1)]  
dx dx 2  2 
d 2x + 1
= sec2 (e2x + 1) (e ) =  2 ( 2  1)3
dx
1 π
d ∴ g     2 ( 2  1)3
= sec2 (e2x + 1)  e2x + 1 (2x + 1) 3 4
dx
= sec2 (e2x + 1)  e2x + 1  2
= 2e2x + 1 sec2 (e2x + 1) 47. (a) y = sin (3x + 2y)
dy d
= [sin (3x + 2y)]
dx dx
dy d
44. = [(cos x)(ln x)] dy d
dx dx = cos (3x + 2y) (3x + 2y)
dx dx
d d dy dy 
= cos x (ln x)  ln x (cos x) 
dx dx = cos (3x + 2y)   3  2 
dx  dx 
1 dy dy
= cos x  + ln x  (sin x) = 3 cos (3x + 2y) + 2 cos (3x + 2y)
x dx dx
cos x dy
=  (sin x)(ln x) [1  2 cos (3x + 2y)] = 3 cos (3x + 2y)
x dx
dy 3 cos (3 x  2 y )
=
dx 1  2 cos (3 x  2 y )

(b) (i) When x = 0 and y = 0, 49. y = 91 + sin x

dy 3 cos [3(0)  2(0)] ln y = (1 + sin x) ln 9
= = 3
dx 1  2 cos [3(0)  2(0)] 1 dy d
= (ln 9) (1  sin x)
π y dx dx
(ii) When x = and y = 0,
3 = (ln 9) cos x
 π  dy
3 cos 3   2(0) = y(ln 9) cos x
dy
=  3  = 1 dx
dx  π  = 91 + sin x(ln 9) cos x
1  2 cos 3   2(0)
3
    When y = 27,
27 = 91 + sin x
2
x y2 33 = 32(1 + sin x)
48. =1
5 xy  3
3 = 2 + 2 sin x
x2y + 2 = 5xy  3
d 2 d 1 = 2 sin x
(x y + 2) = (5xy  3) 1
dx dx sin x =
dy d  d d  2
x2  y ( x 2 ) = 5 x ( y )  y ( x )  π 5π
dx dx  dx dx  x = or
6 6
dy dy
x2 + 2xy = 5 x  5 y π
dx dx When x = and y = 27,
6
2 dy
( x  5 x) = 5y  2xy dy π
dx = 27(ln 9) cos
dx 6
dy 5 y  2 xy
= 2 3
dx x  5x = 27 (ln 32 ) 
y (5  2 x) 2
=
x( x  5) 27 3
= (2 ln 3)
2
When x = 1,
= 27 3 ln 3
(1) 2 y  2 5π
=1 When x = and y = 27,
5(1) y  3 6
y + 2 = 5y  3 dy 5π
= 27(ln 9) cos
4y = 5 dx 6
5  3
y= = 27(ln 32 ) 
4  2 
 
5
When x = 1 and y = , 27 3
4 = (2 ln 3)
2
5
dy 4 [5  2(1)] 15 =  27 3 ln 3
= =
dx 1(1  5) 16 ∴ When y = 27,
dy 15 dy
∴ = =  27 3 ln 3
dx x 1 16 dx

196 Solutions
50. y = (cos x)x 52. f(x) = ln ( x  x 2  1)

ln y = x ln (cos x) 1 d
f (x) = ( x  x 2  1)
1 dy d d
=x [ln (cos x)] + ln (cos x) (x) x  x  1 dx
2
y dx dx dx
 1 1 
1 d 1  d 2
=x (cos x) + ln (cos x)  1 = 1  ( x 2  1) 2 ( x  1)
cos x dx x  x 2  1  2 dx 
1
=x  (sin x) + ln (cos x) 1  1 
1 
cos x = 1  ( x 2  1) 2  2 x 
= x tan x + ln (cos x) x  x 2  1  2 
dy  
= y[x tan x + ln (cos x)] 1 1  x 
dx =
 
x  x2  1  x2  1 
= (cos x)x[x tan x + ln (cos x)]
When x = 0, 1 x2  1  x
= 
dy x  x2  1 x2  1
= (cos 0)0[0 tan 0 + ln (cos 0)] = 0
dx 
1
= ( x 2  1) 2
3
e2 x x4 1  d
51. y= f (x) =  ( x 2  1) 2 ( x 2  1)
1 x 2 dx
3
ln y = ln e2x + ln x4  ln (1 + x) 1 
=  ( x 2  1) 2  2 x
ln y = 2x + 4 ln x  ln (1 + x) 2
1 dy 1 1 d x
=2+4  (1  x) = 3
y dx x 1  x dx
( x 2  1) 2
4 1
=2+  0
x 1 x ∴ f (0) =  3
=0
dy  4 1  (0 2
 1) 2
= y 2   
dx  x 1  x
e2 x x 4  4 1  53. (a) f(x) = esin 2x
= 2   
1 x  x 1 x 
d
1 f (x) = esin 2 x (sin 2 x)
When x = 1 and y = e 2 , dx
2 d
= esin 2 x  cos 2 x (2 x)
dy 1 2  4 1  11e 2 dx
= e 2   =
dx 2  1 11 4 = 2 cos 2x esin 2x
f (x)
 d d 
= 2 cos 2 x (esin 2 x )  esin 2 x (cos 2 x)
 dx dx 

= 2 cos 2 x  2 cos 2 x e sin 2 x 

d 
esin 2 x  ( sin 2 x) (2 x)
dx 
= 2[2 cos2 2x esin 2x + esin 2x  (sin 2x)  2]
= 4esin 2x(cos2 2x  sin 2x)
(b) f ()  4 = 4esin 2 (cos2 2  sin 2)  4
= 4e0(1  0)  4
=0
∴ f ()  4 = 0

54. (a) y = x5 + 4x + 3 d2y d

2
= ln 4 (4 x )
d 5 d d dx dx
y = (x ) + 4 (x) + (3)
dx dx dx = ln 4  (4x ln 4)
= 5x4 + 4 = 4x(ln 4)2
d 4 d
y = 5 (x ) + (4) d2y dy
dx dx (b) 2
2  y
dx dx
= 5(4x3) + 0
= 4 (ln 4) + 2(4x ln 4) + 4x
x 2
= 20x3
= 4x[(ln 4)2 + 2(ln 4) + 1]
= 4x(ln 4 + 1)2
x y + xy  25y + ax + b
2
= 4x(ln 22 + 1)2
= x2(20x3) + x(5x4 + 4)  25(x5 + 4x + 3) + ax + b
= 4x(2 ln 2 + 1)2
= 20x5 + 5x5 + 4x  25x5  100x  75 + ax + b
d2y dy
= (a  96)x + b  75 ∴ 2
2  y  4 x (2 ln 2  1) 2
dx dx
∴ (a  96)x + b  75 = 0 for all values of x.
∴ a  96 = 0 and b  75 = 0
57. (a) ln (y + 5x + 2) = x + ln 3
a = 96 and b = 75 d d
ln ( y  5 x  2) = (x + ln 3)
dx dx
55. y = x2 ln x 1 d
(y + 5x + 2) = 1
dy d d y  5 x  2 dx
= x 2 (ln x)  ln x ( x 2 )
dx dx dx 1  dy 
1   5 = 1
= x  + ln x  2x
2 y  5 x  2  dx 
x dy
= x + 2x ln x + 5 = y + 5x + 2
dx
d2y d d dy
= 1 + 2x (ln x) + ln x (2x) = 5x + y  3
dx 2
dx dx dx
1 d2y d
= 1 + 2x  + ln x  2 (b) = (5x + y  3)
x dx 2 dx
= 1 + 2 + 2 ln x dy
=5
= 3 + 2 ln x dx
= 5 + 5x + y  3
d 2 y dy
∴ x  = x(3 + 2 ln x)  (x + 2x ln x) = y + 5x + 2
dx 2 dx
= 3x + 2x ln x  x  2x ln x = ex + ln 3
= 2x = eln 3  ex
d 2 y dy = 3ex
∴ x   2x
dx 2 dx d2y
∴  3e x
dx 2
56. (a) y = 4x At the point (0 , 1),
ln y = x ln 4 d2y
= 3e0 = 3
1 dy d dx 2
= ln 4 (x )
y dx dx
= ln 4
dy
= 4x ln 4
dx

198 Solutions
58. (a) y = sin2 x cos2 x (b) f (x)  f(x) = 0

d d
y = sin2 x (cos2 x) + cos2 x (sin2 x) e2x cos x + 2e2x sin x  e2x sin x = 0
dx dx
d e2x cos x + e2x sin x = 0
= sin2 x  2 cos x (cos x) +
dx e2x(cos x + sin x) = 0
d
cos2 x  2 sin x (sin x) ∴ e2x = 0 (rejected)
dx
= sin2 x  2 cos x  (sin x) + cos2 x  2 sin x  cos x or cos x + sin x = 0
= 2 sin x cos x (cos2 x  sin2 x) sin x = cos x
= sin 2x cos 2x tan x = 1

1 3π
=  2 sin 2x cos 2x x=
2 4
1
= sin 4x
2 2 x ( x  1)
60.
1 (2 x  1) 2
∴ y  sin 4 x
2
d 1 
(b) y =  sin 4 x   tan y
dx  2  61.
x
1 d
= (sin 4 x)
2 dx
1 d 62. 3
=  cos 4 x (4 x)
2 dx
1 63. 2x
=  cos 4 x  4
2
= 2 cos 4x
64. (a) 3x2 sin (x3 + 1)
y + 16y = 2 cos 4x + 16 sin2 x cos2 x
(b) 3x3 sin (x3 + 1) + cos (x3 + 1)
= 2(cos2 2x  sin2 2x) + 4(2 sin x cos x)2
= 2 cos2 2x  2 sin2 2x + 4 sin2 2x
1
= 2 cos2 2x + 2 sin2 2x 65.
2x
= 2(cos2 2x + sin2 2x)
= 2(1)
1
=2 66.
x2
∴ y + 16y = 2
67. (a) f (x) = 2ex cos x, f (x) = 2ex(cos x  sin x)

d d 2x
59. (a) f (x) = e2x (sin x) + sin x (e ) π
dx dx (b)
4
d
= e2x cos x + sin x  e2x (2x)
dx
= e2x cos x + 2e2x sin x 68. 2
69. 2 cos 2x

Unit Test (P.4.51) d d 2

3. (a) [tan (x2 + 1)] = sec2 (x2 + 1) (x + 1)
dx dx
3( x  x)  3 x
1. f (x) = lim (1M+1A) (1M)
x  0 x = 2x sec (x + 1)
2 2
(1A)
[ 3( x  x)  3 x ][ 3( x  x)  3 x ] d d d
= lim (b) (x sec x) = x (sec x)  (sec x) ( x) (1M)
x  0 x[ 3( x  x)  3 x ] dx dx dx
3( x  x)  3 x = x sec x tan x + sec x (1A)
= lim
x  0 x[ 3( x  x)  3 x ]
3 x  3(x)  3 x dy d 2x
= lim 4. = [e ln (x + 1)]
x  0 x[ 3( x  x)  3 x ] dx dx
d d
3(x) = e2x ln ( x  1)  ln ( x  1) (e 2 x ) (1M)
= lim dx dx
x  0 x[ 3( x  x)  3 x ]
1 d d
3 = e2 x  ( x  1)  ln ( x  1)  e 2 x (2 x)
= lim (1A) x  1 dx dx
x  0 3( x  x)  3 x (1M)
3 1
= = e2 x  1  ln ( x  1)  e 2 x  2
3x  3x x 1
3  1 
= (1A) = e2 x   2 ln ( x  1)
 x  1 
2 3x
dy  1 
= e 2(0)   2 ln (0  1) = 1 (1A)
dx x0  0 1 
d d
x2 ( x  1)  ( x  1) ( x 2 )
d  x 1 dx dx
2. (a)  = (1M)
dx  x 2  ( x 2 )2 5. 2x  3xy  2y2 = 10
x 2 1  ( x  1)  2 x d d
= (2x  3xy  2y2) = (10)
x4 dx dx
x2  2x2  2x  d d  dy
= 2  3 x ( y )  y ( x )   2( 2 y ) = 0 (1M+1M)
x4  dx dx  dx
dy dy
 x2  2x 2  3x  3 y  4 y =0
= dx dx
x4 dy
 x ( x  2) (3 x  4 y ) = 2  3y
= dx
x4 dy 2  3y
x2 =
= 3 (1A) dx 3 x  4 y
x
(1A)
d
(b) [(x  2)4(3x + 5)]
dx
d d
= (x  2)4 (3x + 5) + (3x + 5) (x  2)4
dx dx
(1M)
d
= (x  2)  3 + (3x + 5)  4(x  2)
4 3
(x  2)
dx
(1M)
= (x  2) 3 + (3x + 5)  4(x  2)  1
4 3
= (x  2)3[3(x  2) + 4(3x + 5)]

= (x  2)3(3x  6 + 12x + 20)
= (x  2)3(15x + 14) (1A)

200 Solutions
x 4 ( x  1)
6. y=
( x  2)(2 x  1)
ln y = ln x4 + ln (x + 1)  ln (x  2)  ln (2x + 1)
ln y = 4 ln x + ln (x + 1)  ln (x  2)  ln (2x + 1)
(1A)
1 dy 1 1 d 1 d
= 4  ( x  1)  ( x  2) 
y dx x x  1 dx x  2 dx
1 d
(2 x  1) (1M)
2 x  1 dx
4 1 1 2
=   
x x  1 x  2 2x  1
dy 4 1 1 2 
= y    
dx  x x  1 x  2 2x  1 
x 4 ( x  1)  4 1 1 2 
=     
( x  2)(2 x  1)  x x  1 x  2 2 x  1 
(1A)
7. (a) y = e sin x
x
d d
y = e x (sin x)  sin x (e x )
dx dx
= ex cos x + ex(sin x)
= ex(cos x + sin x) (1A)
d d
y = e x (cos x  sin x)  (cos x  sin x) (e x )
dx dx
(1M)
= e (sin x + cos x) + e (cos x + sin x)
x x
= ex(sin x + cos x + cos x + sin x)

= 2ex cos x (1A)
y  2y + 2y
= 2ex cos x  2ex(cos x + sin x) + 2ex sin x (1M)
= 2ex cos x  2ex cos x  2ex sin x + 2ex sin x
=0
∴ y  2y + 2y = 0 (1)

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128

Instant Drill 1 (P.4.4) dy 1 1

3 Instant Drill 4 (P.4.10)

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Instant Drill 5 (P.4.11) Instant Drill 8 (P.4.15)

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Instant Drill 10 (P.4.18) dy d

Instant Drill 11 (P.4.18) 3x 2 (2  x 2 )

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dy d Instant Drill 15 (P.4.24)

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Instant Drill 17 (P.4.28) Instant Drill 18 (P.4.30)

( x  1)  e 2 x  2  e 2 x (b) y = ln (x2 + 4)3 = 3 ln (x2 + 4)

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Instant Drill 19 (P.4.30) (c) ex  y = xy

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Instant Drill 21 (P.4.34) Instant Drill 22 (P.4.35)

Instant Drill 24 (P.4.37)

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(b) y = x ln x (b) f(x) = x ln (x + 1)

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(b) Using the results of (a), Class Practice 4.1 (P.4.5)

Instant Drill 28 (P.4.42)  4 x 2  4 x (  x )  x  x  

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Class Practice 4.2 (P.4.11) dy d

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Class Practice 4.3 (P.4.19) ( x  1)( x  2)

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Class Practice 4.5 (P.4.30) (b) y = ln (2x2  1)3 = 3 ln (2x2  1)

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Class Practice 4.6 (P.4.37) (d) ln y = y2  2x

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(2 x  5)3 Class Practice 4.7 (P.4.43)

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11. (a) f (x) dy  1  2  2 

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12 x(x)  6(x) 2  12(x) 2x  6

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24. (a) f (x) dy ( x  x ) 2  4  x 2  4

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27. (a) f (x) dy d  2 x 3 

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dy d 4 23. f(x) =  3 x 4 = 3x2

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2 x3  3x 2  1 30. (a) (x + 1)5 = x5 + C15 x 4  C25 x 3  C35 x 2  C45 x  1

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=x+2+x+3 = 9x2 + 30x + 1

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dy d   3 x  15. Let y = u3 and u = 1  x.

16. Let y = u4 and u = 2x + 9.

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18. Let y = u6 and u = 3x2 5x + 4. 1

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