M2 Publisher New Century E Book Answers-NCM (2nd) TMM2A06 - e

284
Chapter 6 Indefinite Integration
Instant Drill 1 (P.6.4) 3

d 4 d 4 d
(b)  x 2 
dx =  3 x 2 dx
(a) (x + 3x) = (x ) + 3 (x)
dx dx dx  x 2  1 
=  3  C1 
= 4x3 + 3   2 1 
 
d 4 3
(b) From (a), (x + 3x) = 4x3 + 3. = C
dx x
By the definition of indefinite integral,
 (4 x
3
 3) dx = x4 + 3x + C Instant Drill 4 (P.6.8)
 (x   
2
(a)  4 x  5) dx = x 2 dx  4 x dx  5 dx
Instant Drill 2 (P.6.5)
=  x dx  4  x dx  5 dx
2
3 1
x
 x dx = 3  1 + C
3
(a) x3  x2 
=  4   5 x  C
x4 3  2 
= C
4 x3
=  2 x 2  5x  C
1 3
x 
5
(b) 5
dx = x dx
3 3
 
=
x 5  1
+C
(b)  (1  2 x 4 ) dx

= dx  2 x  4 dx
 5 1 
3
=
x 4
C 
= dx  2 x  4 dx
4  1 
1  x4 
x = x  2 C
(c)  x
dx =  x2  x 1dx  1



1  4 

= x  2 dx
=
1
x  8x 4 C
1
 1
x 2
= C
1 Instant Drill 5 (P.6.9)
 1
2
x2  2 x2 2
=2 x C (a)  x
dx =  x
dx   x
dx
3 1

=  x 2 dx  2 x 2 dx
 3x dx = 3 x dx  1 
4 4 5
(a)  x2 
x2
=  2 C
 x4 1  5  1 
= 3  C1   
 4 1  2  2 
 
5 1
3x5 2 2
= C = x  4x 2  C
5 5
© Oxford University Press 2014

Chapter 6: Indefinite Integration 285
3
23 x 2 x Instant Drill 8 (P.6.13)
(b)  x2
dx = x 2
dx  x 2
dx
e4 x  4

5 (a)  ex 
dx = (e3 x  4e  x ) dx

= 2 x 2 dx   x 3 dx
= e 
3x
dx  4 e  x dx
2

 x 1  x 3 1 1
= 2  = e3 x  4  e  x  C
 1   2  C 3 1
  
3 1 3x x
= e  4e  C
3 3
2 3
=  2 x 1  x C
 (e 
x
2 (b)  1)(e  x  1) dx = (1  e x  e  x  1) dx
=  (e  e ) dx
x x

=   e dx   e dx
x x

u = (3 y  1)( y  2) dy
1 x
=  (3 y  5 y  2) dy
2 = ex + e +C
1
= ex – ex + C
= 3 y dy  5 y dy  2  dy
2
 y3   y 2 
= 3   5   2 y  C Instant Drill 9 (P.6.13)
 3   2 
   
 (1  cosec x) dx =  dx   cosec x dx
2 2
(a)
2
5y
= y3   2y  C
2 = x  (cot x) + C
= x + cot x + C
Instant Drill 7 (P.6.12) tan x
x 1 1 1 
(b)  cos x dx =  sec x tan x dx
(a)  x2 x x
dx =   2  dx
 = sec x + C
1
 x
2
= dx  dx
x
x 1
= lnx+ +C
 cosec
2
1 (a) x(1  cos x) dx
1
= lnx  C
x

= (cosec 2 x  cosec 2 x cos x) dx
( x  1) 2
x2  2x  1 cos x 
(b)  x
dx =  x
dx 
=   cosec x  cosec x 

2
 dx
sin x 
 1

=  x  2   dx
 x
=  (cosec x  cosec x cot x) dx
2
1 =  cosec x dx   cosec x cot x dx

2

= x dx  2 dx    x
dx
2 = cot x + (cosec x) + C
x
=  2 x  lnx C = cot x  cosec x + C
2

286 Solutions
 2 
1  4 cot x  sin x  dx 1
(b)  sin x cos x  cos x 
(c)  cos (2 x  3) dx = 2  cos u du
 4 cot x sin x  1
= sin u  C

= 
 sin x cos x

cos 2 x 
 dx 2
1
 4 cos x  = sin (2 x  3)  C
  2
sin x

= 
 sin x cos x
 sec x tan x  dx

 
  Instant Drill 13 (P.6.20)
 4 

=  2  sec x tan x  dx
 sin x 
(a) Let u = 1  x. Then du = d(1  x) = dx.
x 1 u
=  (4 cosec x  sec x tan x) dx
2 
(1  x) 6
dx =
u6 
(1) du
= 4  cosec x dx   sec x tan x dx

2

= (u 5  u 6 ) du
= 4 cot x  sec x + C u 4 u 5
=  C
4 5
(1  x) 4 (1  x) 5
Instant Drill 11 (P.6.15) =  C
4 5
 3 cot 
2
(a)  d = 3(cosec 2   1) d (b) Let u = x + 2. Then du = d(x + 2) = dx.
= 3 cosec  x 
2
 d  3d x  2 dx = (u  2) u du
3 1
= 3 cot   3 + C
 1 1  
= (u 2  2u 2 ) du
(b) 
 1  sin x

1  sin
 dx
x 2 2
5 3
= u 2  2 u 2  C
1  sin x  1  sin x 5 3
= (1  sin x)(1  sin x)
dx
2 4
5 3
2 = ( x  2) 2  ( x  2) 2  C
= 1  sin 2 x
dx 5 3
1
=2 cos 2 x
dx
= 2  sec 2
x dx 1
(a) Let u = ln x. Then du = d(ln x) = dx.
x
= 2 tan x + C (ln x) 3 1 
 x 
dx = (ln x) 3  dx 
x 
Instant Drill 12 (P.6.19) =  u du3
Since u = 2x  3, du = d(2x  3) = 2 dx.

u4
= C
 2(2 x  3) dx =  u du
5 5
(a) 4
1
u6 = (ln x) 4  C
= C 4
6
1
1 (b) Let u = ln x. Then du = d(ln x) = dx.
= (2 x  3) 6  C x
6
1 1 1 
(b) e
2x  3
dx =
1 u
e du   x ln x dx =  ln x  x dx 
2
1
1
= eu  C
2
=  u du
1 2x  3 = lnu+ C
= e C
2 = lnln x+ C

Instant Drill 15 (P.6.21) (b) Let u = tan 3  1.

(a) Let u = x3  2. Then du = d(x3  2) = 3x2dx. Then du = d(tan 3  1) = 3 sec2 3 d.
sec 2 3
 3x  1
5
x 3  2 dx = ( x 3 x 3  2 )  3 x 2 dx
 (tan 3  1) 4
d = 
3u 4
du
=  (u  2) u du 1 4
3 1
=
3
u du 
=  (u 2  2u 2 ) du
1  u 3 
=  C
2 2
5 3 3   3 
= u 2  2 u 2  C
5 3 1
=  (tan 3  1) 3  C
2 4
5 3 9
= ( x 3  2) 2  ( x 3  2) 2  C
5 3
(b) Let u = x2 + 3. Then du = d(x2 + 3) = 2x dx. Instant Drill 17 (P.6.22)
4x 3 2
2 x (2 xdx ) 3x 2  6 x  1 (3 x 2  1)  6 x
 2
( x  3) 5
dx = 
( x 2  3) 5  3x 2  1
dx =  3x 2  1
dx
u 3  6x 
=2 u 5
du 
= 1  2
 3x  1 
 dx
6x
= 2  (u  
4
 3u 5 ) du = dx  dx
3x 2  1
 u 3  u 4   1
= 2  3   C

= dx  2
3x  1
d (3 x 2  1)
  3   4 
= x  ln3x2 + 1+ C
2 3
=  ( x 2  3) 3  ( x 2  3) 4  C
3 2
Instant Drill 16 (P.6.22) dx e x dx
(a) Let u = 2 cos  + 5.
 4e x  e  x  4
= 
e x ( 4e x  e  x  4)
e x dx
Then du = d(2 cos  + 5) = 2 sin  d. =  4e 2 x  1  4e x
u
 sin  2 cos   5 d = 
2
du  =  ( 2e
e x dx
1
x
 1) 2
1
= 
u 2 du 1 2e x dx
2
3
= 
2 (2e x  1) 2
1 2
=  u2 C 1
2 3
3
=
2 
(2e x  1)  2 d (2e x  1)
1
=  (2 cos   5) 2  C 1  (2e x  1) 1 
3 =  C
2  1 
1
=  (2e x  1) 1  C
2

288 Solutions

 cos x sin x dx
2 5
(b)
(a)  cos 2 x cos 4 x dx =  cos x sin x sin x dx
2 4
1
=  [cos (2 x  4 x)  cos (2 x  4 x)] dx =   cos x(1  cos x) d (cos x)
2 2 2
2
1
=   cos x(1  2 cos x  cos x) d (cos x)

2 2 4
= [cos 6 x  cos (2 x)] dx
2
1 1 =  ( cos x  2 cos x  cos x) d (cos x)
2 4 6
=
2 
cos 6 x dx 
2 
cos 2 x dx
1 1 =   cos x d (cos x)  2  cos x d (cos x) 

2 4
=
12 
cos 6 x d (6 x) 
4 
cos 2 x d (2 x)
 cos x d (cos x)
6
1 1
= sin 6 x  sin 2 x  C
12 4 cos 3 x 2 cos 5 x cos 7 x
=   C
x 3x 3 5 7
(b)  cos 2 sin 2 dx
3x x Instant Drill 21 (P.6.29)

= sin
2
cos dx
2 1
1   3x x   3 x x 
(a) 
sin 2 4 d =
2 
(1  cos 8 ) d
= 
sin     sin    dx
2   2 2  2 2  1 1
1
=
2
d 
2 
cos 8 d 
=
2 
(sin 2 x  sin x) dx 1 1
1 1
=
2
d 
16 
cos 8 d (8 ) 
=
2 
sin 2 x dx 
2 
sin x dx 1 1
=   sin 8  C
1 1 2 16
=
4 
sin 2 x d (2 x) 
2 
sin x dx
 cos
2
1 1 (b) x sin 4 x dx
=  cos 2 x  cos x  C
4 2

= (cos x sin x) 2 sin 2 x dx
2
Instant Drill 20 (P.6.28) 1  1

=  sin 2 x   (1  cos 2 x) dx
2  2
 sin x cos x dx 
2 3
(a)
1
=  sin x cos x cos x dx
2 2 =
8 
(sin 2 2 x  sin 2 2 x cos 2 x) dx
1 1
=  sin x(1  sin x) d (sin x)
2 2 =
8 
sin 2 2 x dx 
8 
sin 2 2 x cos 2 x dx
1 1 1
=  (sin x  sin x) d (sin x)  
sin 2 2 x d (sin 2 x)
2 4
= (1  cos 4 x) dx 
8 2 16
=  sin x d (sin x)   sin x d (sin x)
2 4 1 1 1
=
16 
dx 
64 
cos 4 x d (4 x) 
16 
sin 3 x sin 5 x 1 1 1
=  C = x  sin 4 x  sin 2 x  C 3
3 5 16 64 48

Instant Drill 22 (P.6.30) Instant Drill 24 (P.6.33)

π π
 tan x sec x dx
4 4
(a) (a) Let x = tan , where  << .
2 2
=  tan x sec x sec x dx
4 2 2
Then dx = d(tan ) = sec  d.
2
=  tan x(1  tan x) d (tan x)

4 2 dx sec 2  d
 x 2 1
= 
tan 2  1
=  (tan x  tan x) d (tan x)
4 6
sec 2  d
=  sec 2 
=  tan x d (tan x)   tan x d (tan x)
4 6
=  d
tan 5 x tan 7 x
=  C
5 7 =+C
= tan1 x + C
 cot x cosec x dx
3 3
(b)
1 π π
(b) Let x = tan , where  <  < .
=  cot x cosec x cot x cosec x dx
2 2
2 2 2
1  1
=   (cosec x  1) cosec x d (cosec x)
2 2 Then dx = d  tan   = sec2  d.
2  2
=  (cosec x  cosec x) d (cosec x)
2 4 1
sec 2  d
dx 2
=  cosec x d (cosec x)   cosec x d (cosec x)
2 4 4 x 2 1
=
1
 
2
4 tan    1
cosec 3 x cosec 5 x 2 
=  C
3 5 1 sec 2  d
= 
2 tan 2  1
1 sec 2 
Instant Drill 23 (P.6.32) = 
2 sec 2 
d
π π
(a) Let x = 2 sin , where  <  < . Then 1
2 2 =
2
d 
dx = d(2 sin ) = 2 cos  d and 4  x 2 = 2 cos . 1
=  C
dx 2 cos  d 2
 4 x 2
=
2 cos  1
= tan 1 2 x  C
2
= d
=+C Instant Drill 25 (P.6.33)
x
1  π
= sin    C (a) Let x = 2 sec , where 0 <  < .
2
  2
1 π π Then dx = d(2 sec ) = 2 sec  tan  d and
(b) Let x = sin , where  <  < . Then
3 2 2
x 2  4 = 2 tan .
1  1
dx = d  sin   = cos  d and 1  9 x 2 = cos . dx 2 sec tan  d
3
dx
 3
cos  d
 2
2x x  4
= 
2(2 sec )(2 tan  )
 = 
3 cos  1

2
1  9x = d
4
1
=
3
d  1
=  C
4
1
=  C 1 x
3 = sec 1    C
1 1 4 2
= sin 3 x  C
3

290 Solutions
π π π
(b) Let x = 3 sec , where 0 <  < . (b) Let x + 1 = 3 tan , where  << .
2 2 2
Then dx = d(3 sec ) = 3 sec  tan  d and Then dx = d(3 tan   1) = 3 sec  d.
2
dx dx
x 2  9 = 3 tan .
dx 3 sec tan  d
 ( x  1) 2 x 2  2 x  10
= 
( x  1) 2 ( x  1) 2  32
 2
x x 9 2
= 
(3 sec ) 2 (3 tan  ) 3 sec 2  d
1 d
=  9 tan 2
 9 tan 2   9
=
9 sec  sec 2  d
=
1
cos  d
=  3 tan 2
  3 sec 
9
1 sec d
1
= sin   C
9
= 
9 tan 2 
1 sec
=
x2  9
C
=
9 
cot  
tan 
d
9x 1
=
9 
cot  cosec  d
Instant Drill 26 (P.6.34) 1

=  cosec   C
2 9
1   1 
1  2 x = 2  x 2  = 2 
2
  x 2 x 2  2 x  10
 2   2 = C
9( x  1)
1 π π
Let x = sin , where   0  .
2 2 2
 1  1 Instant Drill 28 (P.6.39)
Then dx = d  sin   = cos d.
 2  2
2
(a)  x cos x dx =  x d (sin x)
 1  = x sin x   sin x dx
 1  2 x 2 dx =  2 
 2
  x 2 dx
cos  1 = x sin x + cos x + C

= 2   cos d
1 
2 2
x 
2
(b) ln x dx = ln x d  x 3 
1 3 
=
2 
cos 2  d
1 3 1 3
1 1
= x ln x 
3 3 
x d (ln x)
=
2 2 
(1  cos 2 ) d 1 1 3 1
= x 3 ln x  
x  dx
=
1

d  cos 2 d  3
1 3
3
1 2
x
2 2
1  1
= x ln x 
3 3
x dx

=   sin 2   C 1 1
2 2 2  = x 3 ln x  x 3  C
3 9
1  1 
=    2 sin  cos    C
2 2 2 
1 1 Instant Drill 29 (P.6.39)
=  sin  cos   C
x 
2
2 2 2 2 (a) sin x dx = x 2 d ( cos x)
1 x 1  2x2
=
2 2
sin 1 ( 2 x) 
2
C 
= x2(cos x)  ( cos x) d ( x 2 )
= x 2
cos x + 2  x cos x dx
Instant Drill 27 (P.6.35) = x2 cos x + 2  x d (sin x) 

(a) x + 2x + 10 = x + 2x + 1 + 9
2 2
= (x + 1)2 + 32 = x2 cos x + 2x sin x   sin x dx 
= x2 cos x + 2x sin x + 2 cos x + C

x e  Instant Drill 32 (P.6.44)

2 x
(b) dx = x 2 d (e  x )
f (x) = xe2x

= x2(ex)  (e  x ) d ( x 2 )
= e
x2 x + 2  xe dxx 
f(x) = xe 2 x dx
1 2x 
=  x d e
+ 2 x d (e  
= x2ex x
) 2 
1 2x 1 2x
  = xe  e dx

= x2ex + 2 x(e  x )  (e  x ) dx 2
1 1
2
= xe 2 x  e 2 x  C
= x2ex  2xex  2ex + C 2 4
Since the curve passes through (0 , 1), we have
Instant Drill 30 (P.6.40) 1 1
1 = (0)e 2( 0)  e 2( 0)  C
2 4
 e cos x dx
2x
3
C =
1 2x  4
=  cos x d  e  1 1 3
2  ∴ The equation of the curve is y  xe 2 x  e 2 x  .
1 2x 1 2x 2 4 4
= e cos x 
2 2 
e d (cos x)
1 1 2x Instant Drill 33 (P.6.45)
= e 2 x cos x 
2 2 
e sin x dx
d2y
1 1 1  = 4x
= e 2 x cos x 
2 2 
sin x d  e 2 x 
2 
dx 2
dy
=
1 2x 1 1
e cos x   e 2 x sin x 
1 2x


e d (sin x) dx 
=  4 x dx
2 2 2 2  = 2x2 + C
1 2x 1 1 2x
=
2
e cos x  e 2 x sin x 
4 4
e cos x dx Since the slope at (3 , 9) is 1, we have
5 2x 1 1 1 = 2(3)2 + C
∴
4 
e cos x dx = e 2 x sin x  e 2 x cos x  C1
4 2 C = 17
1 2 dy

e 2 x cos x dx = e 2 x sin x  e 2 x cos x  C
5 5
∴
dx
= 2x2 + 17

y = (2 x 2  17) dx
Instant Drill 31 (P.6.43) 2 3
dy = x  17 x  C1
= 6x2  2x + 1 3
dx Since the curve passes through (3 , 9), we have

y = (6 x 2  2 x  1) dx 2
9 =  (3)3  17(3)  C1
3
= 2x3  x2 + x + C
C1 = 42
2
3 = 2(0)3  02 + 0 + C ∴ The equation of the curve is y   x 3  17 x  42.
3
C = 3
∴ The equation of the curve is y = 2x3  x2 + x  3.

292 Solutions
Instant Drill 34 (P.6.45) When t = 0, s = 0.

Let s m be the displacement of the particle from O at time t. 1
0 = 2(0)2  (0)3  C1
6

s = v dt
C1 = 0
=  (18  3t ) dt 1
∴ s = 2t2  t 3
6
3
= 18t  t 2  C When t = 8,
2
1 128
When t = 0, s = 0. s = 2(8)2  (8)3 =
6 3
3
0 = 18(0)  (0) 2  C 128
2 ∴ The particle is m from O when it is at rest again.
3
C=0
3
∴ s = 18t  t 2
2 Instant Drill 36 (P.6.47)
When t = 6, dP
= 160t3
3 dt
s = 18(6)  (6) 2 = 54
2
∴ The displacement of the particle from O at t = 6 is

P = 160t 3 dt
= 40t4 + C
54 m.
When t = 0, P = 25 000.
25 000 = 40(0)4 + C
C = 25 000
Let v m/s be its velocity at time t.
∴ P = 40t4 + 25 000

v = a dt
When P = 50 000,
=  (4  t ) dt 40t4 + 25 000 = 50 000
1 40t4 = 25 000
= 4t  t 2  C
2 t4 = 625
When t = 0, v = 0. t = 5 or 5 (rejected)
1
0 = 4(0)  (0) 2  C ∴ It takes 5 years for the population of the city to reach
2
50 000.
C=0
1
∴ v = 4t  t 2
2 Class Practice 6.1 (P.6.9)
When it is at rest again, v = 0.
1
1. (a)   1 dx = x + C
i.e. 4t  t2 = 0 1
 x dx =  x dx
3
2 (b) 3
8t  t2 = 0
x 3  1
t(8  t) = 0 = C
 3 1
t = 0 (rejected) or 8 x 2
= C
∴ The particle is at rest again at t = 8. 2
Let s m be the displacement of the particle from O at time t.

s = v dt
 1 2
=   4t  t  dt
 2 
1
= 2t 2  t 3  C1
6

4

4
5. y = (6 x 2  x)( x  1) dx
2. (a)  5 x 3 dx = 5 x 3 dx  5 3
 4 1 
 x3  
= (6 x 2  6 x 2  x 2  x) dx
= 5 C 5 3
 4 1 

3

  
= 6 x 2 dx  6 x 2 dx  x 2 dx  x dx  
7
15  7  5
= x3 C  x2   x3  x 2 x 2
7 = 6   6    C
 7   3  5 2

3  
 2  2
x 
3
(b) x dx = x  x 2 dx
7 5
12 2 2 x2

1 = x  2 x3  x 2  C
=  x 2 dx 7 5 2
1
 1
x 2
Class Practice 6.2 (P.6.15)
= C
1
 1 x2  4  4
2 1. (a)  x  
dx =  x   dx
x
=2 x C 1

= x dx  4 dx
x 
x2
 (x  
5
3. (a)  x) dx = x 5 dx  x dx =  4 lnx C
2
x6 x2
=  C ( x  4) 2 x 2  8 x  16
6 2 (b)  x
dx =  x
dx
 16 
 (2 x
4
 x 2  x 2 ) dx
(b)

=   x  8   dx
 x
1
 
= 2 x 4 dx  x 2 dx  x 2 dx  
=  x dx  8 dx  16   x dx
 x 5  x 3 x 1 x2
= 2  
 5  3  1  C =
2
 8 x  16 lnx C
 
2 1 1
= x5  x3   C
5 3 x
e 3 x  2e x 1 2 
2. (a)  3e 2 x 3 
dx =  e x  e  x  dx
3 
4x2  2x 4x2 2x 1 x 2 x
4. (a)  x
dx =  x
dx   x
dx =
3
e dx 
3 
e dx 
1 2 1
3 1
= e x   ex  C

= 4 x 2 dx  2 x 2 dx  3 3 1
ex 2 x
 5   3  =  e C
 x2   x2  3 3
= 4   2 C
 5   3 
 (e 
 e  x ) 2 dx = (e 2 x  2  e 2 x ) dx
x
    (b)
 2   2 
5 3
8 4
=
5
x2 
3
x2 C   
= e 2 x dx  2 dx  e 2 x dx
1 1
= e 2 x  2 x  e 2 x  C
 ( x  2) dx =  ( x  4 x  4) dx
2 2
(b) 2 2
=  x dx  4  x dx  4  dx
2
1
= x3  2 x 2  4 x  C
3

294 Solutions
cos x  sin x 1 1 Class Practice 6.3 (P.6.23)

3. (a)  2
dx =
2 
cos x dx 
2
sin x dx  1. (a) Let u = 3x  2. Then du = d(3x  2) = 3 dx.
1 1
= sin x  ( cos x)  C 1 2
2
1
2
1

(3 x  2) 2 dx =
3
u du 
= sin x  cos x  C 1 1
2 2 =  u3  C
3 3
 (3 cosec x  sec x) dx
2 2
(b) (3 x  2)3
= C
= 3 cosec x dx   sec x dx
2 2 9
Alternative Method
= 3 cot x + tan x + C
 (3x  2) 
2
dx = (9 x 2  12 x  4) dx
tan 2 x  1 = 9  x dx  12  x dx  4  dx
2
4. (a)  tan 2 x 
dx = (1  cot 2 x) dx
1 1
= 9  x 3  12  x 2  4 x  C
=  cosec x dx 2
3 2
= 3x  6x + 4x + C
3 2
= cot x + C
(b) Let u = 2x  5. Then du = d(2x  5) = 2 dx.
(b)  cot x(sin x  2 cosec x) dx 3
1
3
=  (cos x  2 cosec x cot x) dx  (2 x  5) 2 dx =

2 
u 2 du
5
=  cos x dx  2  cosec x cot x dx 1 2
=  u2 C
2 5
= sin x  2(cosec x) + C 5
1
= (2 x  5) 2  C
= sin x + 2 cosec x + C 5
1 sin x 2. (a) Let u = 5x + 3. Then du = d(5x + 3) = 5 dx.

5. (a) L.H.S. =
cos 2 x dx 1 du
=
1  sin x  1
=
5  1
1  sin 2 x (5 x  3) 2 u2
1  sin x 1
= 1 2
(1  sin x)(1  sin x) =
5 
u du
1
= 1
1
1  sin x =  2u 2  C
= R.H.S. 5
1
1  sin x 1 2
∴  = (5 x  3) 2  C
cos 2 x 1  sin x 5
1 1  sin x (b) Let u = x + 4. Then du = d(x + 4) = dx.

(b)  1  sin x
dx = 
cos 2 x
dx
x 1 u 5
 1 sin x 
 x  4 dx =  u
du

= 
 cos 2
x

cos 2 
x
dx
 5
=  sec

= 1   du
 u

2
x dx  sec x tan x dx
1
= tan x + sec x + C 
= du  5
u
du 
= u  5 lnu+ C1
= x  4  5 lnx + 4+ C1
= x  5 lnx + 4+ C

3. (a) Let u = ex + 1. Then du = d(ex + 1) = ex + 1dx. (b) Let u = sin . Then du = d(sin ) = cos  d.
 (e   (sin   cos ) d
x 1 2
) dx = e x  1 (e x  1dx) 2
=  u du =  (sin   2 sin  cos   cos  ) d

2 2
1 =  (1  2 sin  cos  ) d
= u2  C
2
1 2x  2 =  d  2  sin cos  d
= e C
2
=  d  2  u du
(b) Let u = ex + 1. Then du = d(ex + 1) = exdx.
1 2
e x dx du =  + 2 u +C
 e x 1
=
u  2
=  + u2 + C
= lnu+ C
=  + sin2  + C
= lne + 1+ C
x
x 1 d ( x 2  1)
4. (a) Let u = ln 6x. Then du = d(ln 6x) =
6 1
dx = dx .
6. (a)  (x 2
 1)5
dx =
2  ( x 2  1) 5
6x x
ln 6 x 1 ( x 2  1) 4
 x
dx = u du  =
2

4
C
1 ( x 2  1) 4
= u2  C = C
2 8
1
= (ln 6 x) 2  C x3  6 x 2  1 ( x 3  1)  6 x 2
2 (b)  3
x 1
dx = 
x3  1
dx
(b) Let u = ln (7  x). Then
1  6x2 
du = d[ln (7  x)] = 
7x
dx . 
= 1  3  dx
 x 1 
ln (7  x)
 7x
dx =  u du  
= dx 
6x2
x3  1dx
1
=  u2  C 1
2 
= dx  2 3
x 1 
d ( x 3  1)
1
=  [ln (7  x)]2  C = x + 2 lnx3  1+ C
2
5. (a) Let u = 5  3 cos . Then Class Practice 6.4 (P.6.35)
du = d(5  3 cos ) = 3 sin  d. 1. (a)  cos 2 x cos 3x dx

sin  1 1 1
 5  3 cos 
d =
3 u
du  =  [cos (2 x  3 x)  cos (2 x  3 x)] dx
2
1 1
= lnu C
3
=
2 
[cos 5 x  cos ( x)] dx
1 1 1
= ln5  3 cos   C
3
=
2 
cos 5 x dx 
2
cos x dx
1 1
=
10 
cos 5 x d (5 x) 
2
cos x dx 
1 1
= sin 5 x  sin x  C
10 2

296 Solutions
x
(b)  cos 2 sin x dx 3. (a)  sin
2
2 x dx =
1
 2 (1  cos 4 x) dx
x

= sin x cos
2
dx
=
1
dx 
1
 
cos 4 x dx
2 2
1  x  x 
=  sin  x    sin  x   dx
2  2  2  =
1
2
dx 
1

8 
cos 4 x d (4 x)
1  3x x 1 1
=
2  
 sin
2
 sin  dx
2
= x  sin 4 x  C
2 8
1 3x 1 x
   tan x sec x dx
3 4
= sin dx  sin dx (b)
2 2 2 2
1 3x  3x  x x =  tan x sec x sec x tan x dx
2 3
=
3 
sin d    sin d  
2  2  2 2 
1 3x x =  (sec x  1) sec x d (sec x)
2 3
=  cos  cos  C
3 2 2
=  (sec x  sec x) d (sec x)
5 3
x =  sec x d (sec x)   sec x d (sec x)

5 3
2. (a)  sin 3
3
dx
sec 6 x sec 4 x
x x x =  C

= 3 sin 2 sin d  
3 3 3
6 4
 x   x
 
= 3 1  cos 2  d  cos 
3  3 4. (a) Let x = sin , where 
π
<< .
π
 x x  x 2 2

 3 3  
= 3 d  cos   3 cos 2 d  cos 
3 Then dx = d(sin ) = cos  d and
x 1 x 1  x 2 = cos .
= 3 cos  3  cos 3  C
3 3 3 dx cos  d
x x
= 3 cos  cos 3  C  2
x 1 x 2
=
sin2
 cos 
3 3
(b)  sin 4 x cos 5 x dx 
= cosec 2  d
= cot  + C
=  sin x cos x cos x dx
4 4
1  x2
= C
=  sin x(1  sin x) d (sin x)
4 2 2
x
π
=  sin x(1  2 sin x  sin x) d (sin x)
4 2 4
(b) Let x = sec , where 0 <  < .
2
=  (sin x  2 sin x  sin x) d (sin x)
4 6 8
Then dx = d(sec ) = sec  tan  d and
=  sin x d (sin x)  2  sin x d (sin x) 

4 6 x 2  1 = tan .
x2 1 tan  sec  tan  d
 sin x d (sin x)
8
 x
dx =  sec 
sin 5 x 2 sin 7 x sin 9 x =  tan  d 2
=   C
5 7 9
=  (sec   1) d
2
=  sec  d   d
2
= tan    + C
= x 2  1  sec 1 x  C

π π  x2 
5. (a) Let x = tan , where  << .
2 2 (b)  x ln x dx =  ln x d  2 
Then dx = d(tan ) = sec  d and
2
 x2  x2
2
1  x = sec . = (ln x)  
 2 
  2
d (ln x) 
3 3 2
x tan  sec  d
 1 x 2
dx =  sec 
1
= x 2 ln x 
2
1 2 1
2
x  dx
x 
1 2 1

= tan 3  sec d = x ln x 
2 2
x dx 
=  tan  sec tan  d
2 1 1 1
= x 2 ln x   x 2  C
2 2 2
=  (sec   1) d (sec )
2
1 2 1 2
= x ln x  x  C
2 4
=  sec  d (sec )   d (sec )
2
1
= sec3   sec  C
 x e dx =  x d (e )
2 x 2 x
3 2. (a)
3
1
= (1  x 2 ) 2  1  x 2  C = x e   e d (x )
2 x x 2
3
= x e  2  xe dx
2 x x
(b) 4x  x2 = 4 x2  4x + 4)
= 4  (x  2)2 = x e  2  x d ( e ) 
2 x x
= x e  2xe   e dx 
π π
Let x  2 = 2 sin , where  << . 2 x x x
2 2
Then dx = d(2 sin  + 2) = 2 cos  d.
= x e  2xe + 2  e dx
2 x x x
dx dx
 4x  x 2
= 
4  ( x  2) 2 = x2ex  2xex + 2ex + C
2 cos  d (b) Let u = x3. Then du = d(x3) = 3x2 dx.

=  1 3 x3
 
3
4  (2 sin  ) 2 x 5e x dx = x e (3 x 2 )dx
3
2 cos  d
= 
4 cos 2 
=
1
3 
ue u du
=
2 cos  d
 2 cos 
=
1
3

u d (e u ) 
=  d 1

= ue u  eu du
3  
=+C 1 1 u
 x2
= sin 1  C
= ue u 
3 3
e du 
 2  1 1
= ue u  eu  C
3 3
1 3 x3 1 x3
Class Practice 6.5 (P.6.40) = x e  e C
3 3
 1 
1. (a)  x sin 3x dx =  x d   3 cos 3x 
 1   1 
  3 
= x  cos 3 x     cos 3 x  dx
 3 
1 1
=  x cos 3 x 
3 3 
cos 3 x dx
1 1
=  x cos 3 x 
3 9 
cos 3 x d (3 x)
1 1
=  x cos 3 x  sin 3 x  C
3 9

298 Solutions
 e sin x dx e x  e x
2x
3. (a)
2. f (x) =
2
1 2x 
=  sin x d  e  e x  e x
2  f(x) =  2
dx
1  1 2x
= (sin x) e 2 x  
 2  2
e d (sin x)  =
1 x
2 
e dx 
1 x
2
e dx 
1 1 2x

x x
= e 2 x sin x  e cos x dx e e
2 2 =  C
2 2
1 1 1 
2 2  2 
= e 2 x sin x   cos x d  e 2 x 

Since the curve passes through (0 , 1), we have
e 0 e  (0)
1 1 1  1 2x  1=  C
= e 2 x sin x  (cos x) e 2 x  
2 2  2  2
e d (cos x)

 2 2
C=0
1 1 1 2x
= e 2 x sin x  e 2 x cos x 
2 4 4
e sin x dx  ∴ The equation of the curve is y 
e x e x
 .
5 2x 1 1 2 2
∴
4 
e sin x dx =  e 2 x cos x  e 2 x sin x  C1
4 2
1 2x 2 2x
 d2y
2x
e sin x dx =  e cos x  e sin x  C
5 5 3. (a) = 15 x
dx 2
dy
e 
x
(b) cos 2 x dx = 15 x dx
dx
1

= cos 2 x d (e x ) = 15  x 2 dx

x
= (cos 2x)(e )  e d (cos 2 x)
x
2
3
= 15  x 2  C
3

= ex cos 2x + 2 e x sin 2 x dx
3
cos 2x + 2 sin 2 x d (e )  x = 10 x 2  C

= ex
Since the slope at x = 0 is 0, we have
=e x
cos 2x + 2(sin 2 x)(e )   e d (sin 2 x) 
x x 3
0 = 10(0) 2 + C
= ex cos 2x + 2e sin 2x  2  e (2 cos 2 x) dx
x x
C=0
3
= ex cos 2x + 2e sin 2x  4  e cos 2 x dx
x x
∴
dy
 10x 2
dx
∴ 5 e cos 2 x dx = e cos 2x + 2e sin 2x + C
x x x
1 3
dy
1 2 (b) = 10x 2
 e cos 2 x dx = 5 e cos 2 x  5 e sin 2 x  C
x x x dx
3

y = 10 x 2 dx
Class Practice 6.6 (P.6.48) 2

5
dy = 10  x 2  C1
1. = 6x2  4x 5
dx 5
= 4 x 2  C1

2
y = (6 x  4 x) dx
= 2x3  2x2 + C 5
Since the curve passes through (1 , 0), we have 5 = 4(1) 2  C1
0 = 2(1)3  2(1)2 + C C1 = 1
C=0 5
∴ The equation of the curve is y  4x 2  1.
∴ The equation of the curve is y = 2x3  2x2.

4. (a) Let v m/s be its velocity at time t. d

(b) From (a), (5x5 + 2x) = 25x4 + 2.
dx

v = 5 dt
= 5t + C
 (25 x
4
 2) dx = 5x5 + 2x + C
When t = 0, v = 0.
0 = 5(0) + C
d d
C=0 3. (a) (2x + 3)5 = 5(2x + 3)4 (2x + 3)
dx dx
∴ v = 5t = 5(2x + 3)4(2)

x = v dt
d
= 10(2x + 3)4
=  5t dt (b) From (a), (2x + 3)5 = 10(2x + 3)4.

dx
5t 2 By the definition of indefinite integral,
=  C1
2
10(2 x  3)
4
dx = (2x + 3)5 + C
When t = 0, x = 0.
5(0) 2
0=  C1 d d
1
2 4. (a) 4 x  3 = (4 x  3) 2
C1 = 0 dx dx
1
5t 2 1  d
∴ x = (4 x  3) 2 (4 x  3)
2 2 dx
1
(b) When x = 160, = ( 4)
2 4x  3
5t 2 2
= 160 =
2 4x  3
t2 = 64
d 2
t = 8 or 8 (rejected) (b) From (a), 4x  3 = .
dx 4x  3
∴ It takes 8 seconds for the displacement of the
car from its initial position to be 160 m.
2
 4x  3
dx = 4 x  3  C
Exercise 6A (P.6.10)
d (3 x 2  4 x) d d
1. (a)
dx
= 3 ( x 2 )  4 ( x)
dx dx
5.  8 dx = 8 dx
= 3(2x)  4 = 8x + C
= 6x  4
d x2  1
(b) From (a),
dx
(3x2  4x) = 6x  4. 6.  x 2 dx =
2 1
+C
By the definition of indefinite integral, x3

= C
3
 (6 x  4) dx = 3x 2
 4x + C
1
2. (a)
d (5 x 5  2 x) d d
= 5 ( x 5 )  2 ( x)
7. x 4 
dx = x 4 dx
dx dx dx
= 5(5x ) + 2
4 x 4  1
= C
 4 1
= 25x4 + 2
x 3
= C
3

300 Solutions
1 1
5x 2 
8.  
x 3 x dx = x 3  x 2 dx 13.  x 
dx = 5 x 2  x 2 dx
7
3
=  x 2 dx

= 5 x 2 dx
7
1  3 1 
x2  2 
= +C x
7 = 5 + C
1  3 
2  1 
9  2 
2 2 5
= x C
9 = 2x 2  C
 8x dx = 8 x dx
7 7
9.
 (x  
4
14.  x 6 ) dx = x 4 dx  x 6 dx
x 7 1
 x5 x7
= 8 
 7 1   C =
5

7
C
 
= x8 + C
 1 
  x  
2 2 2
15.   dx = x dx  x dx
1 1 x2 
 
10.  4x 5 dx =4 x  5 dx
=
x 3  x 1 
 C
 1 1  3   1 
x 5 
= 4 + C x3
  1 1 =  x 1  C
  3
 5 
4
= 5x 5  C
 (x   
2
16.  x  1) dx = x 2 dx  x dx  dx
3 2
x x
1 =   xC
3 2
11. 4 3
x dx = 4  x3 dx
 1 1 
 x3 
 (4 x   
3
17.  5 x 2  7) dx = 4 x 3 dx  5 x 2 dx  7 dx
= 4 +C
 1 1 
  = 4  x dx  5 x dx  7  dx
3 2
3 
4
5 3
= 3x 3 C = x4  x  7x  C
3
1
3 
 2 x 3  6  x 2  2
12.  x
dx = 3 x  2 dx 18.  
 3
dx = 2 x 3 dx  2 dx  x dx
 3  3  
 
 1 1  2 3 1 2
x 2 
= 3 C
=
3
x dx  2 dx 
3  x dx  
  1 1
  2  x4  1  x 1 
 2  =    2x   C
3  4  3   1 
=6 x C
x4 1
=  2x  C
6 3x

(15) x
1
x 2  3x  2 x x2 2 x
19.  x 4 
dx =  15 x 2  x 4 dx 23.  x
dx =
x
dx  3 dx 
x
dx  
1
7 
  

= x dx  3 dx  2 x 2 dx
=  15 x  2 dx
 5    1
x 2  x2   x2
=  15 C =  3 x  2 C
5  2  1 
   
 2   2 
1

5 x2
= 6x 2 C =  3x  4 x 2  C
2
x4 x 4
  
1 1 1 1
20. dx = 3 dx  3 dx  
x 3
x x 24.  (x 4  x 4 ) 2 dx

= (x 2  2  x 2 ) dx
=x 2
dx  4 x 3dx  1

1
x 1  x 2  
= x 2 dx  2 dx  x   2 dx
=  4 C
 3 1
1  2  x2 x2
=  2x  C
= x1 + 2x2 + C 3 1
2 2
3 1
2 x x 2 2
2 = x  2x  2x 2  C
21.  x
dx =  x
dx  x dx 3
1

=2 x  2 dx 
 x dx ( x  1) 2 x2  2x  1
 1 
25.   x
dx =   x
dx
 x2  x2
= 2  C x2 2x 1
 1

 2

=  x
dx   x
dx   x
dx
 2  3 1 1

=4 x 
x2
2
C
=  x 2 dx  2  x 2 dx  x 2 dx
 35  1
 2 
x2
x  x C
2
=  2
x3  x  1 x3 x 1 5  3  1
22.  x
dx =  x
dx   x
dx   x
dx
2

 2

 2
5 3 1
5 1

1 2 4
=  x 2  x 2  2x 2  C
=  x 2 dx   x 2 dx  x 2 dx
5 3
7 3 1
x2 x2 x2
=   C x3  1 ( x  1)( x 2  x  1)
7
2
3
2
1
2
26.  x 1
dx = 
x 1
dx
7 3 1 =  ( x  x  1) dx
2
2 2
= x 2  x 2  2x 2  C
7 3 =  x dx   x dx   dx
2
x3 x 2
=   xC
3 2

302 Solutions

3
27. y = (1  x 2 ) 2 dx  1

31. y =  t  2  dt
 t 
=  (1  2 x  x ) dx 2 4
 2 3
 1  1  1 
=  dx  2  x dx   x dx 2 4

= t 3  3t 2   2   3t   2     2   dt
 t   t   t  
2 3 x5
=x
3
x 
5
C 
= (t 3  3  3t 3  t 6 ) dt
=  t dt  3 dt  3 t
3 3

dt  t 6 dt

28. y = (1  x )(1  x) dx
=
t4
4
 t 2  t 5
 3t  3 
 C
1 3  2  5

= (1  x 2  x  x 2 ) dx
=
t4 3 1
 3t  2  5  C
1 3 4 2t 5t

= dx   x 2 dx   x dx   x 2 dx
3 5
Exercise 6B (P.6.15)
x 2 x2 x 2
=x   C
3 2 5 7 1
2 2
1.  x dx = 7 x dx
3 5
2 2 1 2 2 2 = 7 lnx+ C
=x x  x  x C
3 2 5
 1 1
2.   x  x  dx =  x dx   x dx

29. y = (2  3t )(3  t ) dt
x2
=  (6  7t  3t ) dt 2 =  lnx C
2
= 6  dt  7  t dt  3 t dt 2
 5 1
  8x  
3
7  t3  3.   dx = 8 x 3dx  5 dx
= 6t  t 2  3   C x x
2 3 4
x
7 = 8  5 lnx C
= 6t  t 2  t 3  C 4
2
= 2x4  5 lnx+ C
 1

30. y = ( x  x 2 )1   dx
 x 4. 
1  4x  1 4

dx =  2   dx
x2 x x
=  ( x  x  1  x) dx 2
1
=  ( x  2 x  1) dx
2

= x 2 dx  4 dx
x 
1
=   4 lnx C
=  x dx  2  x dx   dx
2 x
x3  x2 
=  2  xC
 (1  x 2 ) 2 1  2x2  x4
3  2  5.  x
dx = x
dx
x3 1
=  x2  x  C 
3
x 
=   2 x  x 3  dx

1
=
x 
dx  2 x dx  x 3dx 
x4
= lnx x 2  C
4

1 sin x 1 sin x
6. e 4x 
dx = e 4 x dx 14.  cos 2
x
dx = 

cos x cos x
dx
1 =  sec x tan x dx
=  e 4 x  C
4
= sec x + C
e x  e x 1 x 1 x
7.  2
dx =
2
e dx 
2
e dx   15.
cos x
 sin 2
dx =
1 cos x
  dx
1 1 x sin x sin x
= e x  ex  C
2 2 =  cosec x cot x dx
= cosec x + C
x x x x
 
8.  (e 2 e 3 ) dx =  e 2 dx  e 3 dx
1 cos x
x
e2 e

x
3
16.  sin x sec x cot x dx =  sin x  cos x  sin x dx
=  C =  dx
1 1

2 3
x x
=x+C

= 2e 2  3e 3 C
6x x
17.  tan x(cos x  sec x) dx =  (sin x  sec x tan x) dx
e  4e
9.  e3 x 
dx = (e3 x  4e 2 x ) dx =  sin x dx   sec x tan x dx
= e = cos x + sec x + C

3x
dx  4 e 2 x dx
1 1 2 x
= e3 x  4  e C 2 sin x cos x  cot x
3
1
2 18.  sin x
dx
= e3 x  2e 2 x  C
3 =  (2 cos x  cosec x cot x) dx
= 2  cos x dx   cosec x cot x dx

 (e 
 e 2 x  e3 x ) dx = e x dx  e 2 x dx  e3 x dx  
x
10.
= 2 sin x + cosec x + C
1 1
= e  e 2 x  e3 x  C
x
2 3
x 4  3x 2  2 x  1
19.  x2
dx
11.  (3 cos x  2 sin x) dx = 3 cos x dx  2 sin x dx    2 1 
= 3 sin x + 2 cos x + C 
=  x 2  3   2  dx
 x x 
1
1
 
= x 2 dx  3 dx  2 dx  x 2 dx
x  
 sin 
2
12. 2
dx = cosec x dx x 3
x =  3 x  2 lnx x 1  C
3
= cot x + C
1 1
6   1
13.  
cos 2 x
dx =  6 sec 2 x dx  20.  (x 2  x 2 ) 2 dx

=  x  2   dx
 x
= 6 tan x + C 1

= x dx  2 dx    x dx
x2
=  2 x  lnx C
2

304 Solutions
e ln x x e 2 x  3e x  2 (e x  2)(e x  1)
21.  x 2
dx = 2 dx
x  27.  ex  2
dx = ex  2
dx
1 =  (e  1) dx
x
=
x 
dx
= lnx+ C =  e dx   dx
x
= ex  x + C
x x x

22.  (e 4 e 5 )10 dx =  (e 20 )10 dx
e3 x  1 (e x  1)(e 2 x  e x  1)
x 28.  ex 1
dx =  ex 1
dx
=  e 2 dx
=  (e  e  1) dx
2x x
x
e2
= C =  e dx   e dx   dx
2x x
1
2 1
= e2 x  e x  x  C
x 2
= 2e 2 C
 (e  
x
29.  5 sin x) dx = e x dx  5 sin x dx
 e 1
  e 
  dx = e 2 x dx  e 
2x
23. dx
x x = e  5 cos x + C
x
1
= e 2 x  e lnx C
2
 [(3  sin x)(2  sin x)  cos x] dx
2
30.
2
2x =  (6  sin x  sin x  cos x) dx
2 2
 1 ex  x
 dx = 1  2e  e dx
24.  
 ex




e2 x =  [6  sin x  (sin x  cos x)] dx
2 2

= (e 2 x  2e  x  1) dx =  (6  sin x  1) dx
= e 2 x

dx  2 e  x dx  dx  =  (5  sin x) dx
1
=  e  2 x  2e  x  x  C = 5 dx   sin x dx
2
= 5x + cos x + C
 (e 
 x)(e  x  x) dx = (e 2 x  x 2 ) dx
x
25.
 (5 tan 
2
31. x  4) dx = [5(sec 2 x  1)  4] dx
= e 2 x

dx  x 2 dx
=  (5 sec x  1) dx2
1 x3
=  e 2 x  C
2 3 = 5 sec x dx   dx
2
= 5 tan x  x + C
e2 x  1 (e x  1)(e x  1)
26.  ex 1
dx = 
ex 1
dx
 (3  7 cot 
2
32. x) dx = [3  7(cosec 2 x  1)] dx
=  (e  1) dx
x
=  (7 cosec x  4) dx 2
=  e dx   dx
x
= ex  x + C = 7  cosec x dx  4  dx
2
= 7 cot x  4x + C

(sin x  cos x) 2  (sin x  cos x) 2 37. (a) L.H.S. = sec2 x + cosec2 x

33.  cos x
dx
1 1
= 
(sin x  cos x  sin x  cos x)  cos x sin 2 x
2
[sin x  cos x  (sin x  cos x)] sin 2 x  cos 2 x

=  cos x
dx =
sin 2 x cos 2 x
(2 sin x)(2 cos x) 1
=  cos x
dx =
sin x cos 2 x
2

= 4 sin x dx = R.H.S.
1
= 4 cos x + C ∴ sec 2 x  cosec 2 x 
sin x cos 2 x
2
1
 2
3 (b)  sin 2
x cos 2 x 
dx = (sec 2 x  cosec 2 x) dx
34.   x   dx
 x
=  sec 
2
x dx  cosec 2 x dx
 2 3
 2  2  2


=  x 3  3 x 2     3 x        dx
 x   x   x  
= tan x  cot x + C

= ( x 3  6 x  12 x 1  8 x 3 ) dx x x
38. (a) L.H.S. = 4 sin cos cos
4 4
x
2
1
=  x dx  6  x dx  12  dx  8 x
3 3
dx  x x x
x = 2 2 sin cos  cos
 4 4  2
x4 1 x 2
=  6  x 2  12 lnx 8  C x
= 2 sin cos
x
4 2 2 2 2
x4 4 = sin x
=  3 x 2  12 lnx 2  C
4 x
= R.H.S.
x x x
∴ 4 sin cos cos  sin x
 (e  e ) dx
x x 4
35. 4 4 2
x x x
=  ( e  4e e  6e e
4x 3x  x
 4e e e 2 x 2 x x 3 x 4 x
) dx (b) 
4 sin cos cos dx = sin x dx
4 4 2 
=  (e  4e  6  4e  e ) dx
4x 2x 2 x 4 x = cos x + C
=  e dx  4  e dx  6  dx  4  e dx   e
4x 2x 2 x 4 x
dx x
1  tan 2
39. (a) L.H.S. = 2
e4x 1 1 1 4 x x
=  4  e 2 x  6 x  4  e 2 x  e C 1  tan 2
4 2 2 4 2
e4 x 2 1  x 
=  2e 2 x  6 x  2 x  4 x  C 1   sec 2  1
4 e 4e  2 
=
x
sec 2
2
36. (a) 4x = ekx
2 x
2  sec
ln 4x = ln ekx 2
=
x ln 4 = kx 2 x
sec
2
ln 4 = k (∵ x  0)
x
= 2 cos 2  1
i.e. k = ln 4 2
= cos x
 4 dx =  e
x x ln 4
(b) dx
1 x ln 4 = R.H.S.
= e C x
ln 4 1  tan 2
1 x ∴ 2  cos x
= 4 C x
ln 4 1  tan 2
2

306 Solutions
x tan x sin 2 x  sin 2 x 

1  tan 2
2 dx = cos x dx
(b)  1  cos 2 x 
dx = tan x  dx
 1  cos 2 x 
(b)  1  tan 2
x 
=  tan x(tan x) dx
2
= sin x + C =  tan x dx
2
=  (sec x  1) dx
2
40. (a) L.H.S. = tan x + cot x
sin x cos x =  sec x dx   dx
2
= 
cos x sin x
= tan x  x + C
sin 2 x  cos 2 x
=
sin x cos x
1 Exercise 6C (P. 6.24)
=
sin x cos x 1. Since u = 2x + 1, du = d(2x + 1) = 2 dx.
1
= 1 8
1
(2 sin x cos x) (2 x  1)8 dx =
2
u du 
2
2 1 u9
= =  +C
sin 2 x 2 9
= R.H.S. (2 x  1)9
= C
18
2
∴ tan x  cot x 
sin 2 x
4 2. Since u = 3x  1, du = d(3x  1) = 3 dx.
(b) 
sin 2 2 x
dx
dx 1 du
 2 
2  =
3x 1 3 u 

=   dx
 sin 2 x  1 2
1
=  (tan x  cot x) dx
2
=
3u du
1
1
=  (tan x  2 tan x cot x  cot x) dx
2 2 =  2u 2 + C
3
2
=  (tan x  2  cot x) dx
2 2
= 3 x 1  C
3
=  (sec x  1  2  cosec x  1) dx
2 2
=  (sec x  cosec x) dx
2 2 3. Since u = x + 5, du = d(x + 5) = dx.
e 
x5
dx = eu du
=  sec x dx   cosec x dx
2 2
= eu + C
= tan x  cot x + C
= ex + 5 + C
sin 2 x
41. (a) L.H.S. = 4. Since u = 4x, du = d(4x) = 4 dx.
1  cos 2 x
2 sin x cos x 1
=
2 cos 2 x
sec 4 x tan 4 x dx =
4 
sec u tan u du
sin x 1
= = sec u  C
cos x 4
1
= tan x = sec 4 x  C
4
= R.H.S.
sin 2 x
∴  tan x
1  cos 2 x

5. Let u = 3x  2. Then du = d(3x  2) = 3 dx.

ee 
 e 2 x dx = e 3 x  1dx
x
10.
1 7
(3 x  2) 7 dx =
3
u du  Let u = 3x + 1. Then du = d(3x + 1) = 3 dx.
1 u
1 u8
=  C e  e x  e 2 x dx =
3
e du 
3 8
1
(3 x  2)8 = eu  C
= C 3
24 1 3x  1
= e C
3
6. Let u = 3x + 4. Then du = d(3x + 4) = 3 dx.
2 2 e3
 2(3 x  4) 2 dx =
3
u du  11. e x 
dx = e 3  x dx
2 u 1 Let u = 3  x. Then du = d(3  x) = dx.
=  C
3 1
e3
2
=  (3 x  4) 1  C
3
 ex
dx =  eu du 
= eu + C
= e3  x + C
1 1
 
 4( 2 x  9) 2 dx = 2u  2 du
12. Let u = x . Then du = d ( x ) =
1
dx .
1 2 x
= 2  2u 2 C e x
1 2 x 
dx = eu du
= 4( 2 x  9) 2 C
= eu + C
x
=e C
1
1
 2 x  5 dx =
2 
u 2 du 13. Let u = 3x + 1. Then du = d(3x + 1) = 3 dx.
1
=
1 2 2
 u C
3

cos (3 x  1) dx =
3
cos u du 
2 3 1
3 = sin u  C
1 3
= (2 x  5) 2  C
3 1
= sin (3 x  1)  C
3
9. Let u = 1  x. Then du = d(1  x) = dx.

1 14. Let u = 3  2x. Then du = d(3  2x) = 2 dx.
dx 
 3
1 x 
=  u 3 du

sec 2 (3  2 x) dx = 
1
sec 2 u du 
2
2
3 3 1
= u C =  tan u  C
2 2
2 1
3 =  tan (3  2 x)  C
=  (1  x) 3  C 2
2

308 Solutions
π  π 19. Let u = x  2. Then du = d(x  2) = dx.

15. Let u = x + . Then du = d  x   = dx.
2  2
 ( x  1)( x  2) dx =  (u  3)u du
5 5
 π
  2 
cosec 2  x   dx = cosec 2 u du
=  (u  3u ) du
6 5
= cot u + C
u7 u6
=  3 C
 π 7 6
=  cot  x    C
 2 ( x  2) 7 ( x  2) 6
=  C
7 2
16. Let u = x  1. Then du = d(x  1) = dx.
20. Let u = x + 2. Then du = d(x + 2) = dx.
 x( x  1) dx =  (u  1)u du
3 3
2x  3 2u  1
=  (u  u ) du
4 3  x2
dx = u
du
 1
=
u5 u 4
 C 
=  2   du
u 
5 4
= 2u  lnu+ C1
( x  1)5 ( x  1) 4
=  C = 2(x + 2)  lnx + 2+ C1
5 4
= 2x  lnx + 2+ C
17. Let u = x + 1. Then du = d(x + 1) = dx.
21. Let u = 2  x. Then du = d(2  x) = dx.
 x( x  1) 
99
dx = (u  1)u 99 du
1 x u 1
=  (u 100
 u 99 ) du 2 x
dx = 
u  du
 1
=
u101 u100

101 100
C 
=  1   du
 u
( x  1)101 ( x  1)100 = u + lnu+ C1
=  C
101 100 = (2  x) + ln2  x+ C1
= x + ln2  x+ C
18. Let u = 1  2x. Then du = d(1  2x) = 2 dx.
1 1 u 1
x 1  2 x dx = 
2 2
 u du  22. Let u = ln x. Then du = d(ln x) =
x
dx.
1
1 (ln x) 2
=
4 
(u  1)u 2 du  x 
dx = u 2 du
1
3 1
u3
=
4  (u 2  u 2 ) du =
3
C
5
1 2 2 1 2 2
3 (ln x)3
=  u   u C = C
4 5 4 3 3
5 3
1 1
= (1  2 x) 2  (1  2 x) 2  C 2 dx
10 6 23. Let u = ln (2x + 1). Then du = d[ln (2x + 1)] = .
2x  1
ln (2 x  1) 1
 2x  1
dx =
2u du
1 1
=  u2  C
2 2
1
= [ln (2 x  1)]2  C
4

24. For x > 0 and x  1, let u = ln x. 27. Let u = x2  1. Then du = d(x2  1) = 2x dx.
1 2x 1
Then du = d(ln x) = dx.
x  (x 2
 1) 5
dx = 5 du
u 
1 1

x ln x 2
dx = 
x(2 ln x)
dx

= u 5 du
1 1 1
=  u 4  C
=
2 u 
du
4
1 1 2
= (lnu)  C =  ( x  1) 4  C
2 4
1
= lnln x C
2 28. Let u = x3  4. Then du = d(x3  4) = 3x2dx.
For x < 0 and x  1, let u = ln (x). 3x 2 1
Then du = d[ln (x)] = dx.
1  3
( x  4) 7
dx = 7 du
u 
x
1 1 
= u 7 du

x ln x 2
dx = 
x[2 ln ( x)]
dx
1
=  u 6  C
1 1 6
=
2 u 
du
1 3
=  ( x  4) 6  C
1 6
= (lnu)  C
2
1
= lnln ( x) C 29. Let u = x + 1. Then du = d(x + 1) = dx.
2
2x 1 2u  3
∴
1
 2
1
dx = lnlnx C
2
 x 1
dx =
u
du
x ln x
1 1

25. Let u = ex  1. Then du = d(ex  1) = exdx.

=  (2u 2  3u 2 ) du
3 1
2
ex 1 = 2  u 2  3  2u 2  C
 x
(e  1) 3
dx =
u3 
du 3
3 1
4
= ( x  1) 2  6( x  1) 2  C

3
= u du 3
1
=  u 2  C
2 30. Let u = x2 + 3x  8.
1 x
=  (e  1) 2  C Then du = d(x2 + 3x  8) = (2x + 3) dx.
2
2x  3 1
x x
 2
x  3x  8
dx =  u
du
e e
26. e 2x x
 4e  4
dx = 
( e  2) 2
x
dx 
1
Let u = ex  2. Then du = d(ex  2) = exdx.

= u 2 du
1
ex 1 = 2u 2  C
 2x x
e  4e  4
dx =
u2
du  = 2 x 2  3x  8  C
= u 2
du
= u1 + C
= (ex + 2)1 + C

310 Solutions
31. Let u = x2 + 1. Then du = d(x2 + 1) = 2x dx. 34. Let u = cos x. Then du = d(cos x) = sin x dx.
3x3 3 x 2 (2 x dx ) sin x 1
x 2
1
dx =
2 x 2 1  cos x dx =   u du
3 u 1 = lnu+ C
=
2 u
du = lncos x+ C
3  1
= 1   du
2  u  35. Let u = sin x. Then du = d(sin x) = cos x dx.
3
= (u  lnu) + C
 sin 
4
2 x cos x dx = u 4 du
3
= ( x 2  1  lnx 2  1)  C u5
2 = C
5
sin 5 x
= C
32. Let u = x + 5. Then du = d(x + 5) = 3x dx.
3 3 2
5
7 x5 7 x 3 (3 x 2 dx )
 x3  5
dx =
3 x3  5  36. Let u = cosec x  3.
7 u 5
=
3 u
du  Then du = d(cosec x  3) = cosec x cot x dx.
cosec x cot x 1
=
7  5
1   du
3  u   (cosec x  3) 2
dx =  u 2
du
7
= (u  5 lnu)  C
3

=  u 2 du
= (1)u1 + C
7 3
= ( x  5  5 lnx 3  5)  C
3 = (cosec x  3)1 + C
33. Let u = x2  1. Then du = d(x2  1) = 2x dx. 37. Let u = 5 tan x + 1.

x5 Then du = d(5 tan x + 1) = 5 sec2 x dx.
 x2 1
dx
sec 2 x 1 1
2 2
1 ( x ) (2 x dx )
2 5 tan x  1
dx = 
5 2 u
du
=
2  x 2 1 1 
1
1 (u  1) 2
=
10 
u 2 du
=
2 u du
1
=  2u 2  C
1
1 10
1 
=
2 
(u 2  2u  1)u 2 du
=
1
5
5 tan x 1  C
3 1 1
1 
=
2 
(u 2  2u 2  u 2 ) du
x2  2x  3 ( x 2  3)  2 x
1 2 2
5
1
=  u 2  u 2   2u 2  C
3 1
38.  2
x 3
dx = 
x2  3
dx
2 5 3 2
 2x 
1 2
5 3 1
= ( x 2  1) 2  ( x 2  1) 2  ( x 2  1) 2  C
= 1  2
 x 3
 dx
5 3 2x
= dx   x2  3 
dx
1
= dx   x2  3 
d ( x 2  3)
= x + lnx2  3+ C

( x  2)( x  4) x2  2x  8 43. Since u = 2 sin x + 3, du = d(2 sin x + 3) = 2 cos x dx.

39.  x2  8
dx =  x 82
dx
6 cos x 3
2
( x  8)  2 x (2 sin x  3) 4
dx = 4 du
u 
=  x2  8
dx
u 3
= 3 C
 2x  3

= 1  2
 x 8
 dx
= (2 sin x + 3)3 + C
2x

= dx  2
x 8  dx
44. Since u = x3 + 6, du = d(x3 + 6) = 3x2dx.
1

= dx  2
x 8  d ( x 2  8)
 3x
2

sec 2 ( x 3  6) dx = sec 2 u du
= x  lnx2  8+ C = tan u + C
= tan (x3 + 6) + C
3
7  ln x 7  3 ln x
40.  7x
dx =
7x  dx
45. Since u = (x2 + 1)5, du = 10x(x2 + 1)4dx.
 1 3 ln x 
=  
x  7x 
 dx
 x( x
2
 1) 4 sin ( x 2  1)5 dx =
1
sin u du
10
1 3 ln x
= 
x
dx 
7 x
dx  1
= ( cos u )  C
10
1 3
= 
x
dx 
7 
ln x d ( ln x)
=
cos ( x 2  1)5
C
10
3 1
= lnx+  (ln x) 2 + C
7 2
3 du d
= ln x  (ln x) 2  C 46. (a) = [3 + (ex + 1)2]
14 dx dx
d x
= 2(ex + 1) (e + 1)
dx
dx e x dx
41.  2  ex
= 
e x (2  e  x )
= 2ex(ex + 1)
(b) Let u = 3 + (ex + 1)2.
e x dx
= 
2e x 1
Using the result of (a), we have
du = 2ex(ex + 1) dx.
1 2e x dx
= 
2 2e x 1 e x (e x  1) 1 1
1 d (2e x  1)
 x
3  (e  1) 2
dx =
2 u 
du
=
2 
2e x  1 1
= lnu+ C
1 2
= ln2e x  1 C 1
2 = ln3  (e x  1) 2  C
2
dx e x dx
42.  e x  9e  x  6
= 
e x ( e x  9e  x  6) 47. (a)
du d
= (2x2 + 3x + 1)
x dx dx
e dx
= e 2x
 9  6e x
= 4x + 3
e x dx
=  (e x  3) 2
d (e x  3)
=  (e x  3) 2
(e x  3) 1
= C
1
= (ex + 3)1 + C

312 Solutions
(b) Let u = 2x2 + 3x + 1. 2.  sin 6 x sin 4 x dx

Using the result of (a), we have 1
=  [cos (6 x  4 x)  cos (6 x  4 x) dx
du = (4x + 3) dx. 2
(6 x 2  9 x)(4 x  3) 1
=  (cos 2 x  cos 10 x) dx
2 x 2  3x  1
dx 2
1 1
3(u  1) =  cos 2 x dx   cos 10 x dx
= u
du 2
1
2
1
=  cos 2 x d (2 x) 
20 
1 1
cos10 x d (10 x)
 4

= (3u 2  3u 2 ) du
=
1
sin 2 x 
1
sin 10 x  C
3 1 4 20
2 2
= 3 u  3  2u 2 C
3
 cos 5x cos 3x dx
3 1
3.
= 2(2 x 2  3 x  1) 2  6(2 x 2  3 x  1) 2  C
1
=  [cos (5 x  3 x)  cos (5 x  3 x)] dx
2
48. (a) Since u = 2 x 2  1 , 1
=  (cos 8 x  cos 2 x) dx
4x 2x 2
du = dx = dx .
2 2x2  1 2x2  1 1 1
2x
=
2 
cos 8 x dx 
2 
cos 2 x dx
 
2 x 2 1 u
e dx = e du 1 1
2x2  1 =
16 
cos 8 x d (8 x) 
4 
cos 2 x d (2 x)
=e +C u
1 1
= sin 8 x  sin 2 x  C
2 x 2 1 16 4
=e C
2x
(b) Let u = 2 x 2  1 . Then du = dx.
2x2  1 4.  sin 5x cos 4 x dx
 2x  1
=  [sin (5 x  4 x)  sin (5 x  4 x)] dx
  (e 2 x 2 1 2 x 2 1
 e ) dx 2
 2 
 2 x  1  1
=  (sin 9 x  sin x) dx

= (eu  e u ) du 2
1 1
= eu  eu + C =  sin 9 x dx   sin x dx
2 2
2 x 2 1
 e 2 x 2 1 1 1
=e C =  sin 9 x d (9 x)   sin x dx
18 2
1 1
= cos 9 x  cos x  C
Exercise 6D (P.6.36) 18 2
1.  sin 7 x sin 3x dx
x
1
=  [cos (7 x  3 x)  cos (7 x  3 x)] dx
2
5.  cos 2 x cos 2 dx
1 1  x  x 
=  (cos 4 x  cos10 x) dx
2
=  2 cos  2 x  2   cos  2 x  2  dx
1 1 1  5x 3x 
=  cos 4 x dx   cos 10 x dx
2 2
=
2  
 cos  cos  dx
2 2 
1 1
=  cos 4 x d (4 x) 
20 
cos 10 x d (10 x) 1 5x 1 3x
8 =
2 
cos
2
dx 
2 2
cos dx
1 1
= sin 4 x  sin 10 x  C 1 5x  5x  1 3x  3x 
8 20 =
5 
cos d  
2  2  3 
cos d  
2  2 
1 5x 1 3x
= sin  sin C
5 2 3 2

 4 sin 2 x cos 2 x dx = 2 sin 4 x dx  cos 

5
6. 10. x sin x dx =  cos 5 x d (cos x)
1 1
=  sin 4 x d (4 x) =  cos 6 x  C
2 6
1
=  cos 4 x  C
2
 tan x sec 
2
11. x dx = tan x d (tan x)
1
7.  3 cos 3x sin x dx =
2
tan 2 x  C
= 3 sin x cos 3 x dx
 cot 
5
1 12. x cosec 2 x dx =  cot 5 x d (cot x)
= 3 [sin ( x  3 x)  sin ( x  3 x)] dx
2 1
3 =  cot 6 x  C
=
2 
[sin 4 x  sin (2 x)] dx 6
3 3
=
2 
sin 4 x dx 
2 
sin 2 x dx
13.  (1  tan x) sec
2

x dx = (1  tan x) d (tan x)
3 3
=
8 
sin 4 x d (4 x) 
4 
sin 2 x d (2 x)
=  d (tan x)   tan x d (tan x)
3 3 1
=  cos 4 x  cos 2 x  C = tan x  tan 2 x  C
8 4 2
x 5x
8.  sin 2 sin 2 dx 14. 
sin 3 x
dx =
1

sin 2 x sin x dx
3 3
1  x 5x   x 5 x 
=
2
cos     cos    dx
 2 2   2 2  =
1
3 
 (1  cos 2 x) d (cos x)
1 1
=
2 
[cos (2 x)  cos 3 x] dx =
3 
(cos 2 x  1) d (cos x)
1 1 1 1
=
2 
cos 2 x dx 
2 
cos 3 x dx =
3 
cos 2 x d (cos x) 
3
d (cos x) 
1 1 1 cos 3 x cos x
=
4 
cos 2 x d (2 x) 
6 
cos 3 x d (3 x) = 
3 3

3
C
1 1
= sin 2 x  sin 3 x  C cos 3 x cos x
4 6 =  C
9 3
2x x
9.  4 sin 3 cos 3 dx 15.  cos x dx
5
  2x x   2x x  =  cos x cos x dx
4

= 2 sin 
  3 3
   sin 
 3
  dx
3 
 x =  (1  sin x) d (sin x)
2 2
 
= 2  sin x  sin  dx
3
=  (1  2 sin x  sin x) d (sin x)
2 4
x

= 2 sin x dx  2 sin dx
3  =  d (sin x)  2  sin x d (sin x)   sin
2 4
x d (sin x)
x x

= 2 sin x dx  6 sin d  
3 3 = sin x 
2 sin 3 x sin 5 x
 C
x 3 5
= 2 cos x  6 cos  C
3

314 Solutions
 sec   (cos x  sin x)(cos x  sin x) dx

4
16. x dx = sec 2 x sec 2 x dx 20.
=  (1  tan x) d (tan x)
2
=  (cos x  sin x) dx
2 2
=  d (tan x)   tan x d (tan x)

2
=  cos 2 x dx
tan 3 x 1
= tan x  C =  cos 2 x d (2 x)
3 2
1
= sin 2 x  C
2
1
 4 sin  2 (1  cos 2 x) dx
2
17. x dx = 4
π π
= 2  dx  2  cos 2 x dx 21. Let x = 5 sin , where  << .
2 2
= 2  dx   cos 2 x d (2 x) Then dx = d(5 sin ) = 5 cos  d and
25  x 2 = 5 cos .
= 2x  sin 2x + C
dx 5 cos  d
 25  x 2
=  5 cos 
 (5 sin x  3 cos x) dx
2 2
18.

= d
=  (2 sin x  3 sin x  3 cos x) dx
2 2 2
=+C
=  [2 sin x  3(sin x  cos x)] dx
2 2 2 x
= sin 1    C
5
=  (1  cos 2 x  3) dx
=  (4  cos 2 x) dx 1 π π
22. Let x = sin , where  <  < .
2 2 2
= 4  dx   cos 2 x dx 1  1
Then dx = d  sin   = cos  d and
1 2  2
= 4  dx   cos 2 x d (2 x)
2 1  4 x 2 = cos .
1
= 4 x  sin 2 x  C 1
2 cos  d
dx
 = 2

1  4x2 cos 
 (sin x  cos x) dx
2
19. 1
=
2
d 
=  (sin x  2 sin x cos x  cos
2 2
x) dx 1
=  C
2
=  (1  sin 2 x) dx
1 1
= sin 2 x  C
=  dx   sin 2 x dx 2
1
=  dx   sin 2 x d (2 x)
2
1
= x  cos 2 x  C
2

π π π
23. Let x = 8 tan , where  << . 26. Let x = sec , where 0   < .
2 2 2
Then dx = d(8 tan ) = 8 sec  d.
2
dx 8 sec 2  d x 2  1 = tan .
 64  x 2
= 
64  64 tan 2 
2
8 sec  d x 
x 2  1 dx = sec tan  (sec tan  ) d
=  64(1  tan 2
) =  sec  tan  d
2 2
1 sec 2 
=  tan  d (tan  )

2
= d
8 sec 2 
1 tan 3 
=
8
d  =
3
C
1 3
=  C 1
8 = ( x 2  1) 2  C
3
1 x
= tan 1    C
8 8
 sin x cos x dx
3 4
27.
1 π π =  sin x cos x sin x dx
2 4
24. Let x = tan , where  <  < .
3 2 2
1  1 =   (1  cos x) cos x d (cos x)
2 4
Then dx = d  tan   = sec2 d.
3  3
=  (cos x  cos x) d (cos x)
6 4
1 2
sec  d
dx 3 =  cos x d (cos x)   cos x d (cos x)
 
6 4
=
1  9x2 1  tan 2 
1 sec 2  cos 7 x cos  x
=
= 
3 sec 2 
d 7

5
C
1
=
3
d 
 sin x cos x dx
4 3
28.
1
=  C
3 =  sin x cos x cos x dx
4 2
1
= tan 1 3 x  C
3 =  sin x(1  sin x) d (sin x)
4 2
=  (sin x  sin x) d (sin x)

4 6
π
25. Let x = sec , where 0 <  < .
2 =  sin x d (sin x)   sin x d (sin x)
4 6

sin 5 x sin 7 x
2 =  C
x  1 = tan . 5 7
dx sec tan  d
 2
x x 1
= 
sec tan  1
= d
29.  
cos x sin x dx = (sin x) 2 d (sin x)
3
=+C 2
= (sin x) 2  C
3
= sec1 x + C

316 Solutions
1 1
 tan x sec x dx
5 3
 2 sin  33.
2
30. 2 x cos 2 2 x dx = (sin 2 x cos 2 x) 2 dx
2
1 1 
2 =  tan x sec x sec x tan x dx
4 2
= 
 sin 4 x  dx
2 2  =  (sec x  1) sec x d (sec x)
2 2 2
1
=
8 
sin 2 4 x dx
=  (sec x  2 sec x  1) sec x d (sec x)
4 2 2
1 1
=
8 2 
(1  cos 8 x) dx
=  (sec x  2 sec x  sec x) d (sec x)
6 4 2
1 1
=
16 
dx 
16 
cos 8 x dx =  sec x d (sec x)  2  sec x d (sec x) 
6 4
1 1
   sec x d (sec x)
2
= dx  cos 8 x d (8 x)
16 128
1 1 sec 7 x 2 sec5 x sec3 x
= x sin 8 x  C =   C
16 128 7 5 3
 cos 
2
3 x sin 2 3 x dx = (cos 3 x sin 3 x) 2 dx
31.
 tan x sec x dx
6 4
34.
2
1  =  tan x sec x sec x dx
6 2 2

=  sin 6 x  dx
2 
1 =  tan x(1  tan x) d (tan x)
6 2
=
4 
sin 2 6 x dx
=  (tan x  tan x) d (tan x)
6 8
1 1
=
4 2 (1  cos 12 x) dx
=  tan x d (tan x)   tan x d (tan x)
6 8
1 1
=
8 
dx 
8 
cos12 x dx
=
tan 7 x tan 9 x
 C
1 1 7 9
=
8 
dx 
96 
cos 12 x d (12 x)
1 1
= x  sin 12 x  C 3 5
35.
8 96
=  cot x cosec x cosec x cot x dx
2 4
 cos
4
32. x sin 2 x dx =   (cosec x  1) cosec x d (cosec x)
2 4
=  cos 2
x(cos x sin x) 2 dx =  (cosec x  cosec x) d (cosec x)
4 6
2
1 1  =  cosec x d (cosec x)   cosec x d (cosec x)
4 6
=  2
(1  cos 2 x) sin 2 x  dx
 2 
1 cosec 5 x cosec 7 x
 =  C
2
= sin 2 x(1  cos 2 x) dx
8 5 7
1 1
=
8 
sin 2 2 x dx 
8 
sin 2 2 x cos 2 x dx
1 1 1
=
8 2  (1  cos 4 x) dx 
16 
1 1 1
=
16  dx 
16 
cos 4 x dx 
16 
1 1 1
=
16 dx 
64 
cos 4 x d (4 x) 
16 
1 1 1
= x  sin 4 x  sin 3 2 x  C
16 64 48

π π
2 6
36. 39. Let x = 3 sin , where  < < .
2 2
=  cot x cosec x cosec x dx
2 4 2
Then dx = d(3 sin ) = 3 cos  d and
=   cot x(1  cot x) d (cot x)

2 2 2 9  x 2 = 3 cos .
x3 27 sin 3  (3cos ) d
=   cot x(1  2 cot x  cot x) d (cot x)
2 2 4
 9  x2
dx =  3 cos 
=   (cot x  2 cot x  cot x) d (cot x)
2 4 6

= 27 sin 3  d
=   cot x d (cot x)  2  cot x d (cot x) 
2 4
= 27  sin  sin  d
2
 cot x d (cot x)
6
= 27   (1  cos  ) d (cos )
2
cot 3 x 2 cot 5 x cot 7 x

=   C = 27  cos  d (cos  )  27  d (cos  )
2
3 5 7
cos 3 
= 27   27 cos   C
π 3
37. Let x = 2 sec , where 0   < .
2 = 9 cos3   27 cos  + C
3
Then dx = d(2 sec ) = 2 sec  tan  d and 1
= (9  x 2 ) 2  9 9  x 2  C
x 2  4 = 2 tan . 3
x2  4 2 tan  (2 sec  tan  ) d

 x
dx =  2 sec   25  5
2
40. 25  4 x = 4  x 2  = 2    x 2
2

= 2 tan 2  d  4  2
5 π π
= 2  (sec   1) d
2 Let x = sin , where     .
2 2 2
= 2  sec  d  2  d
2 5  5
Then dx = d  sin   = cos  d.
2  2
= 2 tan   2 + C
x  25  4 x 2 dx
= x 2  4  2 sec 1    C
2 5
2

2
=2    x dx
2
 
π π 5 5
38. Let x = tan , where 
2
<< .
2 2
= 2 cos   cos  d
2
Then dx = d(tan ) = sec2  d. 25
tan 2  sec 2 d
=
2 
cos 2  d
x2
 x2  1
dx =  tan 2  1 =
25 1
2 2 
(1  cos 2 ) d
tan 2  sec 2 d 25 25
=  sec 2 
=
4 
d 
4 
cos 2 d
=  tan  d
2 25 25
=
4 
d 
8 
cos 2 d (2 )
=  (sec   1) d
2
25 25
=  sin 2  C
4 8
=  sec  d   d
2
25 25
=   2 sin  cos   C
= tan    + C 4 8
25 25
= x  tan1 x + C =   sin  cos   C
4 4
25 1  2 x  x 25  4 x 2
= sin    C
4  5  2

318 Solutions
 9 3
2 44. 2 + 2x  x2 = 3  (x2  2x )
41. 4 x  9 = 4 x 2   = 2 x 2   
2
 4 2 = 3  (x  1)2
3 π π π
Let x = sec , where 0   < . Let x  1 = 3 sin , where  << .
2 2 2 2
3  3 Then dx = d( 3 sin  + 1) = 3 cos  d.
Then dx = d  sec   = sec  tan  d.
 2  2 dx dx
2
 2  2x  x 2
= 
3  ( x  1) 2
3
 
2 2
x 4 x  9 dx = 2 x x    dx
2 3 cos 
3 3 3
=  3 cos 
d
=2
2 2 
sec   tan  sec tan  d
2
27
= d
=
4 
tan 2  sec 2  d =+C
27  x 1 
= sin 1 
=
4 
tan 2  d (tan  )
 3 
  C
9
= tan 3   C
4
3 45. x2 + 6x + 13 = x2 + 6x + 9 + 4
1
= ( 4 x 2  9) 2  C = (x + 3)2 + 4
12
π π
Let x + 3 = 2 tan , where  << .
2 2
π π Then dx = d(2 tan   3) = 2 sec2  d.
42. Let x = tan , where  << .
2 2 dx dx
Then dx = d(tan ) = sec2  d and 1  x 2 = sec .  3
x  6 x  13
= 
( x  3) 2  4
dx sec 2  d 2 sec 2  d
x 2
1  x2
=  tan 2  sec
=  4 tan 2   4
sec 2 sec 2 
=  tan 2 
d =  4 sec 2

d
=  cot  cosec  d 1
=
2
d 
= cosec + C 1
=  C
2
1  x2
= C 1  x3
x = tan 1  C
2  2 
43. 12 + 4x  x2 = 16  (x2  4x + 4)
46. 2x  x2 = 1  (x2  2x  )
= 16  (x  2)2
π π = 1  (x  1)2
Let x  2 = 4 sin , where  <  < . π π
2 2 Let x  1 = sin , where  << .
2 2
Then dx = d(4 sin  + 2) = 4 cos  d.
Then dx = d(sin  + 1) = cos  d.
dx dx
 12  4 x  x 2
= 
16  ( x  2) 2 
dx
= 
dx
( x  1) 2 2 x  x 2 ( x  1) 2 1  ( x  1) 2
4 cos 
=  4 cos d =
cos  d
 sin  cos 2
=  d =  cosec  d 2
=+C = cot  + C
 x2 2x  x2
= sin 1  C = C
 4  x 1

47. x2  4x + 20 = x2  4x + 4 + 16 2 20 π π
(b) Let x  = tan , where  <  < .
= (x  2)2 + 16 3 3 2 2
π π  20 2  20
Let x  2 = 4 tan , where  << . Then dx = d  tan    = sec2  d.
2 2  3 3  3
 
Then dx = d(4 tan  + 2) = 4 sec2  d. 1 1
dx  2
3x  4 x  8
dx =
  2
20 
dx
 ( x  2) 2 2
x  4 x  20
 2
3 x    
3 9
 
dx
=  ( x  2) 2
( x  2) 2  16
20
sec 2  d
1 3
4 sec 2  d
=
3  20
tan 2  
20
=  16 tan 2
 16 tan 2   16
9 9
20
sec 2  d sec 2  d
= 
4 tan 2   4 sec =
1
3  3
20
1 sec sec 2 
= 
16 tan 2 
d
1
9
1
=
20  d
=
16 
cot  cosec  d
1
1 =  C
=  cosec   C 20
16
1  3x  2 
x 2  4 x  20 = tan 1    C
= C 20  20 
16( x  2)
49. (a) 48 + 18x  3x2 = 3(16 + 6x  x2)

 4 
48. (a) 3x  4x + 8 = 3 x 2  x   8
2
= 3[16  (x2  6x + 9  9)]
 3 
 2 2 = 3[25  (x  3)2]
4 4 
      π π
4 (b) Let x  3 = 5 sin , where  <  < .
= 3 x 2  x   3    3    8 2 2
 3 2 2 
      Then dx = d(5 sin  + 3) = 5 cos  d.
     
1 1
 4 4 4
= 3 x 2  x     8
3 9 9
 48  18 x  3 x 2
dx =  3 25  ( x  3) 2
dx

2 1 5 cos  d


2
= 3 x   
3 
20
3
=
3  25  25 sin 2 
 2 1 5 cos  d
20 
2
= 3 x    
3 9
=
3  5 cos 
  1
=
3  d
1
=  C
3
1  x3
= sin 1  C
3  5 

320 Solutions
sec x  tan x 1 
50. (a)  sec x dx =  sec x  sec x  tan x dx 2.  x cos 7 x dx =  x d  7 sin 7 x 
sec 2 x  sec x tan x 1  1
=  sec x  tan x
dx = x sin 7 x  
7  7
sin 7 x dx
d (sec x  tan x)
=  sec x  tan x
x
= sin 7 x 
7
1
49 sin 7 x d (7 x)
= lnsec x + tan x+ C x 1
= sin 7 x  cos 7 x  C
∴  sec x dx  lnsec x  tan x C 7 49
π
(b) (i) Let x = sec , where 0 <  < .
2 3.  x cos ( x  1) dx
=  x d [sin ( x  1)]
x 2  1 = tan .
dx sec tan  d = x sin (x  1)   sin ( x  1) dx
 2
x 1
=  tan 
= x sin (x  1)   sin ( x  1) d ( x  1)

= sec  d
= x sin (x  1) + cos (x  1) + C
= lnsec  + tan + C
= lnx  x 2  1 C 4.  (2 x  1) sin x dx
π π
(ii) Let x = 2 tan , where  << . =  (2 x  1) d ( cos x)
2 2
Then dx = d(2 tan ) = 2 sec2  d. = (2x + 1)(cos x)   ( cos x) d (2 x  1)
dx 2 sec 2  d
 4  x2
=  4  4 tan 2 
= (2x  1)cos x + 2  cos x dx
= (2x + 1)cos x + 2 sin x + C

2 sec 2  d
=  2 sec
=  sec  d 5.  x(sin x  cos x) dx
= lnsec  + tan+ C =  x d ( cos x  sin x)
4  x2 x = x(cos x  sin x)   ( cos x  sin x) dx
= ln  C
2 2
= x(sin x + cos x) +  (cos x  sin x) dx
= x(sin x + cos x) + sin x  cos x + C

Exercise 6E (P.6.41)
 1 
1.  x sin 2 x dx =  x d   2 cos 2 x  1 
 xe 
4x
6. dx = x d  e 4 x 
 1   1  4 
2 2 
= x  cos 2 x     cos 2 x  dx
1  1 4x

x 1
   = x e 4 x  
 4  4 
e dx
=  cos 2 x 
2 4 
cos 2 x d (2 x)
xe 4 x 1 4 x
x 1
=  cos 2 x  sin 2 x  C
=
4

4 
e dx
2 4 xe 4 x e 4 x
=  C
4 16

 1 
 x ln x dx =  3x ln x dx
3
12.
 xe 
3 x
7. dx = x d   e 3 x 
 3 
1 2
 1 3 x   1  =  3 ln x d  x 
= x  e     e 3 x  dx
 3   3   2 
1  1 2
=
xe 3 x 1 3 x
 e dx 
= (3 ln x) x 2  
 2  2 
x d (3 ln x)
3 3
3 3 2 1 
=
xe 3 x e 3 x
 C
= x 2 ln x 
2 2
x   dx
x 
3 9
3 2 3
=
2
x ln x 
2
x dx 
x x
3 3
8.  xe 2 dx 
= x d ( 2e 2 ) = x 2 ln x  x 2  C
2 4
x x
= x(2e 2 )  2e 2 dx  1 
x 
4
x x 13. ln x dx = ln x d  x 5 
5 
= 2 xe 2 2  e 2 dx
1  1 5
x x = (ln x) x 5  
5  5
x d (ln x) 
= 2 xe 2  4e 2  C
1 5 1 5 1 
=
5
x ln x 
5
x  dx
x 
 ( x  2) e 
x
9. dx = ( x  2) d (e  x ) 1 1 4
= x 5 ln x 
5 5
x dx 

= ( x  2)(e  x )  (e  x ) d ( x  2) 1
= x 5 ln x 
1 5
x C
5 25

x
= (2  x)e + e x
dx
= (2  x)ex  ex + C
ln x  1
= (1  x)ex + C
14. x 2 
dx = ln x d   
 x
 1  1
 x  x 
= (ln x)       d (ln x)
10.  ln 9 x dx = x ln 9x   x d (ln 9 x) ln x 11
 9 
= x ln 9x   x  dx
=
x
   dx
xx 
 9x 
ln x
= x ln 9x   dx =
x
 x  2 dx 
= x ln 9x  x + C ln x 1
=  C
x x
 ln x dx =  3 ln x dx
3
11.
2 3
15.  x ln x dx = ln x d  x 2 


= (3 ln x)x  x d (3 ln x) 3 
 
1 3 3
= 3x ln x  3 x  dx 2 2 2 2
x =
3
x (ln x)   3
x d (ln x)
= 3x ln x  3 dx 3 3
2 2 2 1
= 3x ln x  3x + C
=
3
x ln x 
3
x 2  dx
x 
3 1
2 2 2 2
=
3
x ln x 
3
x dx 
3 3
2 4 2
= x2 ln x  x C
3 9

322 Solutions
x 1 1 1 1 1
16.  cos 2
x 
dx = x sec 2 x dx 19. x 3
sin d x =
x 
 sin  d x
x  x2 x
=  x d (tan x) 1  1
= 
d  cos 
x  x
= x tan x   tan x dx 1 1 1 1
sin x
= cos  cos d  
x x x x 
= x tan x   dx
cos x 1 1 1
= cos  sin  C
1 x x x
= x tan x +  d (cos x)
cos x
= x tan x + lncos x+ C 1
20. Let u = x . Then du = d ( x ) = dx .
2 x
17. Let u = x2. Then du = d(x2) = 2x dx.
1 2
 sin 
x dx = sin u (2u du )
 
x sin x 2 (2 x dx )
3 2
x sin x dx =
2 
= 2 u sin u du
= 2 u d ( cos u ) 
1
=
2 
u sin u du
=
1
2

u d ( cos u )  = 2u ( cos u )   ( cos u ) du 
1
 
= u ( cos u )  ( cos u ) du
2
 = 2u cos u + 2  cos u du
u 1 = 2u cos u + 2 sin u + C
=  cos u 
2 2 
cos u du
= 2 x cos x  2 sin x  C
u 1
=  cos u  sin u  C
2 2
x 2
1 1
=  cos x 2  sin x 2  C 21. Let u = x . Then du = d ( x ) = dx .
2 2 2 x
e 
x
dx = eu (2u du )
18. Let u = x3. Then du = d(x3) = 3x2dx.
1 3 
= 2 ue u du
x 
x cos x 3 (3 x 2 dx )
5
cos x 3dx =
3 = 2 u d (e ) u
1
 = 2ue   e du 
= u cos u du u u
3
=
1
3

u d (sin u )  = 2ue  2  e du
u u
1
3
 
= u sin u  sin u du  = 2ueu  2eu + C
x x
= 2 xe  2e C
u 1
= sin u 
3 3 
sin u du
1
u 1
 
2 2
= sin u  cos u  C 22. x 3e x dx = x 2 (2 xe x )dx

3 3 2
=
x3 1
sin x 3  cos x 3  C
=
1
2
 2
x 2 d (e x ) 
 
3 3
1 2 x2

2
= x e  e x d (x2 )
2
1 2 x2 1 x2
= x e 
2 2
e d (x2 ) 
1 2 1 2
= x 2e x  e x  C
2 2

23. x
2
ln (1  x) dx 26. x e
2 2x
dx =
1
2

x 2 d (e 2 x ) 

1 
= ln (1  x) d  x 3 
3 
1
 
= x 2e 2 x  e 2 x d ( x 2 )
2

1 1 3 1 2 2x 1
= x 3 ln (1  x) 
3 3 
x d [ln (1  x)] = x e 
2 2 2 xe 2 x dx
1
= x 3 ln (1  x) 
1 3 1 
x  
dx
1
= x 2e 2 x 
2
1
2

x d (e 2 x ) 
3 3 1 x 
1 3 1 x3  1 1
1 1

= x 2 e 2 x  xe 2 x  e 2 x dx
2 2  
=
3
x ln (1  x) 
3  1 x
dx
1 2 2x 1 2x 1 2x
1 3 1 ( x  1)( x 2  x  1)  1
= x e  xe 
2 2 2
e dx 
=
3
x ln (1  x) 
3 
1 x
dx 1 1 1
= x 2 e 2 x  xe 2 x  e 2 x  C
1 1 1 1 2 2 4
= x 3 ln (1  x) 
3 3 
( x 2  x  1)dx 
3 1 x
dx 
1 1  x3 x 2  1 x2
= x 3 ln (1  x)   
3 3  3 2
 x   ln1  x C
 3

27.  e5 x
dx
1 3 x3 x 2 x 1 =  x e dx
2 5 x
= x ln (1  x)     ln (1  x)  C
3 9 6 3 3  1 5 x 
=  x d e
2

 5 
x 
2
24. cos x dx = x 2 d (sin x)  1   1 
 5   5 
= x 2   e 5 x     e 5 x  d ( x 2 )


= x2 sin x  sin x d ( x 2 )
1 2 5 x 1

5 x
= x e  2 xe dx
2

= x sin x  2 x sin x dx 5
1
5
2  1 
sin x  2 x d ( cos x)  
=  x 2 e 5 x   x d   e 5 x  
= x2 5 5  5 
sin x  2x( cos x)   ( cos x) dx 

1 2  1   1  
= x2 =  x 2 e 5 x   x  e 5 x     e 5 x  dx 
5 5  5   5   
= x2 sin x + 2x cos x  2  cos x dx 1 2 5 x 2 5 x 2
= x e
5

25
xe 
25
e 5 x dx 
= x2 sin x + 2x cos x  2 sin x + C 1 2 5 x 2 5 x
=  x 2 e 5 x  xe  e C
5 25 125
 x sin x cos x dx
2
25.
1
 e sin x dx
x
=  x sin 2 x dx2 28.
2
1 2  1  =  sin x d (e ) x
=
2 
 x d   cos 2 x 
 2 
1  1   1   
= (sin x)(ex)  (e  x ) d (sin x)
2  2   2 
=  x 2   cos 2 x     cos 2 x  d ( x 2 )
  
= ex sin x + e  x cos x dx
1 2 1
=  x cos 2 x 
4 4 
2 x cos 2 x dx = e x
sin x +  cos x d (e x
)
1
=  x 2 cos 2 x 
4
1
4

x d (sin 2 x)  
= ex sin x + cos x(ex)  (e  x ) d (cos x)
1 1

=  x 2 cos 2 x  x sin 2 x  sin 2 x dx
4 4   
= ex sin x  ex cos x  e  x sin x dx

x
1 2 1 1 ∴ 2 e sin x dx = ex cos x  ex sin x + C1
=  x cos 2 x  x sin 2 x 
4 4 8 
sin 2 x d (2 x)
1 1
e
x
1 1 1 sin x dx =  e  x cos x  e  x sin x  C
=  x 2 cos 2 x  x sin 2 x  cos 2 x  C 2 2
4 4 8

324 Solutions
e  cos (ln x) dx = x cos (ln x)   x d[cos (ln x)]

3x
29. cos x dx 31. (a)
1   sin (ln x)
= x cos (ln x)   x 

= cos x d  e 3 x 
 3  x
dx
1  1 3x = x cos (ln x)   sin (ln x) dx

= (cos x) e 3 x  
 3  3
e d (cos x) 
∴  cos (ln x) dx  x cos (ln x)   sin (ln x) dx
1 1 3x
= e3 x cos x 
3 3
e sin x dx 
1 1 1  (b)  sin (ln x) dx = x sin (ln x)   x d[sin (ln x)]
= e 3 x cos x   sin x d  e 3 x 
3 3  3  
cos (ln x)
1 1 1  1 3x  
= x sin (ln x)  x  dx
= e3 x cos x  sin x e3 x  
3 3  3  3
e d (sin x)

 x
= x sin (ln x)   cos (ln x) dx
1 1 1 3x
= e3 x cos x  e3 x sin x 
3 9 9
e cos x dx  ∴  sin (ln x) dx  x sin (ln x)   cos (ln x) dx
10 3 x 1 1
∴
9 
e cos x dx = e3 x sin x  e3 x cos x  C1
9 3 (c)  cos (ln x) dx
1 3

e3 x cos x dx = e3 x sin x  e3 x cos x  C
10 10 = x cos (ln x) +  sin (ln x) dx
= x cos (ln x) + x sin (ln x)   cos (ln x) dx

1 
e 
sin 2 x dx = e x  (1  cos 2 x) dx
x
30. ∴ 2  cos (ln x) dx
2 
1 x 1 x = x cos (ln x) + x sin (ln x) + C1
=
2
e dx 
2 
e cos 2 x dx  x[cos (ln x)  sin (ln x)]
 cos (ln x) dx  C

x
Consider e cos 2 x dx . 2
 e cos 2 x dx
x
1 
e 
ax
32. (a) cos bx dx = cos bx d  e ax 
=  cos 2 x d (e ) x
a 
e ax cos bx 1 ax

= (cos 2 x) (e x )  e x d (cos 2 x) =
a
a
e d (cos bx )

x
= e cos 2x + 2 e sin 2 x dx
x
e ax cos bx b ax
=  
e sin bx dx
= e cos 2x + 2 sin 2 x d (e ) 
a a
x x
ax
e cos bx b ax
e 
ax
cos bx dx   e sin bx dx

= ex cos 2x + 2 (sin 2 x)(e x )  e x d (sin 2 x)   a a
(b) Using the result of (a), we have
= ex cos 2x + 2ex sin 2x  4 e x cos 2 x dx  e
ax
cos bx dx

x
∴ 5 e cos 2 x dx = 2e sin 2x + e cos 2x + C1
x x
e ax cos bx b ax
2 1
=
a

a 
e sin bx dx
 e cos 2 x dx = 5 e sin 2 x  5 e cos 2 x  C
x x x
2
b ax
e sin bx dx
 e sin x dx a
x 2
∴
e ax cos bx
1 12 1
=  e dx   e sin 2 x  e cos 2 x  C 
x x  x
2
=
a 
 e ax cos bx dx
2 25 5 
e
ax
sin bx dx
1 1 1
= e x  e x sin 2 x  e x cos 2 x  C
2 5 10 e ax cos bx a ax
=
b

b 
e cos bx dx
e ax cos bx a ax
 e ax sin bx dx  
b

b 
e cos bx dx

(c) Using the results of (a) and (b), we have dy

2. = 3ex + 2
dx
e
2x
cos x dx
e 2x
cos x 1 2 x

y = (3e  x  2) dx
=
2

2 
e sin x dx = 3ex + 2x + C
e 2 x cos x 1  1  Since the curve passes through (0 , 5), we have

=
2 2  2 
  sin x d  e 2 x 
 5 = 3e(0) + 2(0) + C
e 2 x cos x 1  e 2 x (sin x) e2x  C=8
=
2
 
2  2

2
d (sin x)
 ∴ The equation of the curve is y = 3ex + 2x + 8.
e 2 x cos x e 2 x sin x 1 2 x
=
2

4

4
e cos x dx  3.
dy
= 3x2  2
5 2x e 2 x cos x e 2 x sin x dx
∴
4 
e cos x dx =
2

4
 C1

y = (3 x 2  2) dx
2e 2 x cos x e 2 x sin x

e 2 x cos x dx =
5

5
C = x3  2x + C
e 2 x (2 cos x  sin x)

e 2 x cos x dx 
5
C 3 = 23  2(2) + C
C = 1
e
2x
sin x dx
∴ The equation of the curve is y = x3  2x  1.

2x
= e cos x + 2 e cos x dx
2x
 e 2 x (2 cos x  sin x)  dy
= e2x cos x + 2   C2  4. = 8x3 + 2x
5 dx
 
e 2 x (5 cos x  4 cos x  2 sin x) 
y = (8 x 3  2 x) dx
=  C3
5 = 2x4 + x2 + C
e 2 x (2 sin x  cos x) Since the curve passes through (1 , 1), we have
= C
5 1 = 2(1)4 + (1)2 + C
2x
e (2 sin x  cos x) C = 2
e
2x
∴ sin x dx  C
5 ∴ The equation of the curve is y = 2x4 + x2  2.
Exercise 6F (P.6.48) dy 1
5. =  x
dy dx x
1. = 6x + 5
dx  1 

y = (6 x  5) dx 
y = 
 x
 x  dx

1 1
= 3x2 + 5x + C 
Since the curve passes through (0 , 2), we have 

= (x 2  x 2 ) dx
1 3
2 = 3(0)2 + 5(0) + C 2 2
= 2x 2  x C
C=2 3
∴ The equation of the curve is y = 3x2 + 5x + 2.
1 3
2
1 = 2(4) 2  (4) 2  C
3
1
C=
3
1 3
2 2 1
∴ The equation of the curve is y  2 x 2  x  .
3 3

326 Solutions
x
dy
6. = 2 sin x + cos x 9. f (x) = e 2  e  x
dx x

y = (2 sin x  cos x) dx 
f(x) = (e 2  e  x ) dx
x
= 2 cos x + sin x + C
= 2e 2  e  x  C
Since the curve passes through ( , 1), we have Since the curve passes through (0 , 3), we have
1 = 2 cos  + sin  + C 0
1 = 2 + 0 + C 3 = 2e 2  e  ( 0 )  C
C=2
C=3
x
∴ The equation of the curve is y = 2 cos x + sin x + 3. ∴ The equation of the curve is y  2e 2  e  x  2.
7. f (x) = sec x tan x  cosec x cot x dy

10. = A sec2 x + 1

f(x) = (sec x tan x  cosec x cot x) dx dx
= sec x + cosec x + C 
y = ( A sec 2 x  1) dx
π  = A tan x + x + C
Since the curve passes through  , 1 , we have
4  Since the curve passes through (0 , 0), we have
π π 0 = A tan 0 + 0 + C
1 = sec  cosec  C
4 4 C=0
1 1
1=  C ∴ y = A tan x + x
π π
cos sin
4 4 π π
Since the curve passes through  ,  , we have
1 = 2  2 C 4 2
1 =2 2 C π π π
= A tan +
2 4 4
C = 1 2 2 π
∴ The equation of the curve is A=
4
y  sec x  cosec x  1  2 2 . π
∴ The equation of the curve is y  tan x  x.
4
3
8. f (x) = x 11. f (x) = cos x + A sin x
x
3


f(x) =   x  dx 
f(x) = (cos x  A sin x) dx
 x  = sin x  A cos x + C
x2 π 
= 3 lnx C Since the curve passes through  , 3  , we have
2 2 
Since the curve passes through (1 , 1), we have π π
3 = sin  A cos  C
12 2 2
1 = 3 ln1 C
2 C=2
1 ∴ f(x) = sin x  A cos x + 2
C=
2
Since the curve passes through ( , 0), we have
∴ The equation of the curve is
0 = sin   A cos  + 2
x2 1
y  3 lnx  . A = 2
2 2
∴ The equation of the curve is y = sin x + 2 cos x + 2.

dx dx
12. = 3t + 1 15. (a) = 2t  7
dt dt

x = (3t  1) dt 
x = (2t  7) dt
3t 2 = t2  7t + C
= t C
2 When t = 0, x = 12.
When t = 0, x = 0.
12 = 02  7(0) + C
2
3(0) C = 12
0= +0+C
2
∴ x = t2  7t + 12
C=0
When t = 2,
3t 2
∴ x= +t x = 22  7(2) + 12 = 2
2
When t = 4, dx
For 0  t  2, < 0.
dt
3(4) 2
x= + 4 = 28 ∴ The distance from O is equal to the
2
∴ Its displacement from O at t = 4 is 28 cm. displacement from O when t = 2.
∴ Its distance from O when t = 2 is 2 cm.
(b) When the particle is at O, x = 0.

13. v = 2 dt
t2  7t + 12 = 0
= 2t + C
(t  3)(t  4) = 0
When t = 0, v = 0.
t = 3 or 4
0 = 2(0) + C
∴ The particle will be at O for t = 3 and t = 4.
C=0
∴ v = 2t dx
16. (a) = 6t2  10t
dt
14. Let s m be the displacement of the particle at time t. 
x = (6t 2  10t ) dt

s = v dt = 2t3  5t2 + C
=  (5  3t ) dt When t = 0, x = 0.
0 = 2(0)3  5(0)2 + C
3
= 5t + t 2 + C
2 C=0
When t = 0, ∴ x = 2t3  5t2
3 When t = 3,
s = 5(0) + (0) 2 + C
2
x = 2(3)3  5(3)2
=C
=9
When t = 8,
∴ The particle is 9 cm from its initial position
3
s = 5(8) + (8) 2 + C when t = 3.
2
= 136 + C (b) When the particle is at its initial position again,
∴ The required displacement x = 0.
= [(136 + C)  C] m 2t3  5t2 = 0
= 136 m t2(2t  5) = 0
t = 0 (rejected) or 2.5
∴ The particle will be at its initial position
again after 2.5 seconds.

328 Solutions
dh 3 ex
17. (a) = 19. f (x) =
dt t 1 2e x  1
3
h= 
t 1
dt
f(x) = 
ex
dx
2e x  1
= 3 lnt + 1+ C
1 2e x dx
When t = 0, h = 17. = 
2 2e x  1
17 = 3 ln0 + 1+ C 1 d (2e x  1)
C = 17
=
2 
2e x  1
∴ h = 3 lnt + 1+ 17 1
= ln2e x  1 C
(b) When t = 2, 2
h = 3 ln2 + 1+ 17
1
= 20.3, cor. to 1 d.p. 4 = ln2e0  1+ C
2
∴ The height of the pot plant 2 months later C=4
will be 20.3 cm. 1
∴ The equation of the curve is y  ln2e x  1 4.
2
dh
18. = 6t
dt 20. f (x) = sin 3x cos 2x

h =  6t dt

f(x) = sin 3 x cos 2 x dx
= 3t + C
2
1
=  [sin (3 x  2 x)  sin (3 x  2 x)] dx
When t = 0, h = 75. 2
75 = 3(0)2 + C 1
=
2 
(sin 5 x  sin x) dx
C = 75
1 1
∴ h = 3t2 + 75 =
2 
sin 5 x dx 
2 sin x dx
When h = 0, 1 1
3t2 + 75 = 0
=
10 
sin 5 x d (5 x) 
2 sin x dx
1 1
3t2 = 75 =  cos 5 x  cos x  C
10 2
t2 = 25 Since the curve passes through (0 , 1), we have
t = 5 or 5 (rejected) 1 1
1 =  cos 5(0)  cos 0  C
∴ The container will become empty after 5 minutes. 10 2
2
C =
5
1 1 2
y   cos 5 x  cos x  .
10 2 5

21. f (x) = (ln x)2 d2y

23. = 20x3
dx 2

f(x) = (ln x) 2 dx
dy

= x(ln x)2  x d [(ln x) 2 ] dx 
= 20 x 3dx
2 = 5x4 + C1
= x(ln x)2   x  ln x dx
x

y = (5 x 4  C1 ) dx
= x(ln x)2  2  ln x dx
= x5 + C1x + C2
= x(ln x)2  2x ln x   x d (ln x)  Since the curve passes through (0 , 5), we have
5 = 05 + C1(0) + C2
1
= x(ln x) 2
 2x ln x + 2  x  dx
x C2 = 5
= x(ln x)2  2x ln x + 2  dx ∴ y = x5 + C1x  5
= x(ln x)2  2x ln x + 2x + C
1 = 15 + C1(1)  5
C1 = 3
5 = 1(ln 1)2  2(1) ln 1 + 2(1) + C
∴ The relation between x and y is y = x5 + 3x  5.
C=3
d2y
y = x(ln x)2  2x ln x + 2x + 3. 24. = 6x  4
dx 2
dy
22.
d2y
=2
dx 
= (6 x  4) dx
dx 2 = 3x2  4x + C1
dy
dx
= 2dx  Since the slope at x = 1 is 0, we have
0 = 3(1)2  4(1) + C1
= 2x + C1
C1 = 1

y = (2 x  C1 ) dx
∴
dy
= 3x2  4x + 1
= x2 + C1x + C2 dx
Since the curve passes through (1 , 0), we have 
y = (3 x 2  4 x  1) dx
0 = (1)2 + C1(1) + C2 = x3  2x2 + x + C2
1 = C1  C2 ....................... (1) Since the curve passes through (0 , 0), we have
Since the curve passes through (1 , 6), we have 0 = 03  2(0)2 + 0 + C2
6 = (1) + C1(1) + C2
2
C2 = 0
5 = C1 + C2 ....................... (2) ∴ The equation of the curve is y = x3  2x2 + x.
(1) + (2): 2C1 = 6
C1 = 3
Substitute C1 = 3 into (1).
1 = 3  C2
C2 = 2
∴ The relation between x and y is y = x2 + 3x + 2.

330 Solutions
d2y d 2x
25. = sin x + cos x 27. = 6t + 4
dx 2 dt 2
dy dx
dx 
= (sin x  cos x) dx
dt 
= (6t  4) dt
= cos x + sin x + C1 = 3t2 + 4t + C1

dx
dy π When t = 0, = 0.
Since = 0 at x = , we have dt
dx 4
π π 0 = 3(0)2 + 4(0) + C1
0 = cos + sin + C1
4 4 C1 = 0
C1 = 0 dx
∴ = 3t2 + 4t
dy dt
∴ = cos x + sin x
dx

x = (3t 2  4t ) dt

y = ( cos x  sin x) dx
= t3 + 2t2 + C2
= sin x  cos x + C2 When t = 0, x = 0.
Since the curve passes through ( , 2), we have 0 = 03 + 2(0)2 + C2
2 = sin   cos  + C2 C2 = 0
C2 = 1 ∴ x = t3 + 2t2
∴ The equation of the curve is y = sin x  cos x + 1.
d 2x
28. (a) = 16  3et
26. Since f(x) is a cubic polynomial, f (x) is a quadratic dt 2
dx
polynomial.
dt 
= (16  3e t ) dt
The roots of f (x) = 0 are 1 and 3.
= 16t + 3et + C1
∴ f (x) = a(x  1)(x  3)
dx
= ax2  4ax + 3a (where a  0) When t = 0, = 5.
dt

f(x) = (ax 2  4ax  3a ) dx 5 = 16(0) + 3e(0) + C1
a 3 C1 = 2
= x  2ax 2  3ax  C
3 dx
∴ = 16t + 3et + 2
Since the curve passes through (0 , 2), we have dt
a When t = 4,
2 = (0)3  2a(0)2 + 3a(0) + C
3 dx
= 16(4) + 3e4 + 2
C=2 dt
a = 66.055, cor. to 3 d.p.
∴ f(x) = x 3  2ax2 + 3ax + 2
3 ∴ The velocity is 66.055 m/s when t = 4.
Since the curve passes through (1 , 6), we have dx
(b) = 16t + 3et + 2
a dt
6 = (1) 3  2a(1)2 + 3a(1) + 2
3
4

x = (16t  3e t  2) dt
4= a = 8t2  3et + 2t + C2
3
a=3 When t = 0, x = 0.
∴ The equation of the curve is y = x3  6x2 + 9x + 2. 0 = 8(0)2  3e(0) + 2(0) + C2

C2 = 3
∴ x = 8t2  3et + 2t + 3

29. Let v m/s be its velocity at time t. d 2x

30. (a) = 4 cos t
dt 2

v = a dt
dx
=  (24  12t ) dt dt 
= 4 cos t dt
= 4 sin t + C1
= 24t  6t2 + C1
dx
When t = 0, v = 0. When t = 0, = 0.
dt
0 = 24(0)  6(0)2 + C1 0 = 4 sin 0 + C1
C1 = 0 C1 = 0
∴ v = 24t  6t 2
dx
∴ = 4 sin t
When it is at rest again, v = 0. dt
dx
24t  6t2 = 0 When the particle is at rest, = 0.
dt
6t(t  4) = 0 4 sin t = 0
t = 0 (rejected) or 4 sin t = 0
∴ The particle will be at rest again after 4 seconds. t = n, where n is an integer
Let s m be its displacement from O at time t. ∴ The particle will be at rest at t = n,

s = v dt where n is an integer.
dx
=  (24t  6t 2
) dt (b) = 4 sin t
dt
= 12t2  2t3 + C2

x = 4 sin t dt
When t = 0, s = 0.
= 4 cos t + C2
0 = 12(0)2  2(0)3 + C2
When t = 0, x = 0.
C2 = 0
0 = 4 cos 0 + C2
∴ s = 12t2  2t3
C2 = 4
When t = 4,
∴ x = 4  4 cos t
s = 12(4)2  2(4)3 = 64
∵ 1  cos t  1
∴ The particle will be at rest again at the position
∴ 4  4 cos t  4
64 m from O.
0  4  4 cos t  8
∴ The particle must be at most 8 m away from
its initial position O.

332 Solutions
dT Supplementary Exercise 6 (P.6.55)

31. = 8e0.1t
dt d d d
1. (a) (5x4 + 2x) = 5 ( x 4 )  2 ( x)

T = (8e 0.1t ) dt dx dx dx
= 5(4x3) + 2
= 80e0.1t + C
= 20x3 + 2
When t = 0, T = 700.
d
700 = 80e0.1(0) + C (b) From (a), (5x4 + 2x) = 20x3 + 2.
dx
C = 780 By the definition of indefinite integral,
∴ T = 80e0.1t + 780
 (20 x
3
 2) dx = 5x4 + 2x + C
When T = 380,
380 = 80e0.1t + 780 3
80e0.1t = 400 2.  
x 5 x 3 dx = x 5  x 2 dx
e0.1t = 5 13
0.1t = ln 5 
= x 2 dx
t = 10 ln 5 13
1
x2
= 16.1, cor. to 3 sig. fig. = C
13
∴ It takes 16.1 seconds for the object to cool down 1
2
15
to 380C. 2 2
= x C
15
dV
32. = 2t  1
dt
 (x   
4
3.  6 x  3) dx = x 4 dx  6 x dx  3 dx

V = (2t  1) dt
x 5
x 2
= t2  t + C =  6  3x  C
5 2
When t = 0, V = 0. x5
=  3x 2  3x  C
0=0 0+C
2
5
C=0
∴ V = t2  t  1   1
When the vessel is filled up, V = 12.
4.  x 2  x 2 
  x
dx =  2 x   dx
1
t2  t = 12 = 2 x dx 
x 
dx 
t2  t  12 = 0 = x2 + lnx+ C
(t  4)(t + 3) = 0
t = 4 or 3 (rejected)
 (e  
3x
5.  e 3 x ) dx = e3 x dx  e 3 x dx
∴ It takes 4 minutes to fill up the vessel.
1 1
= e3 x  e 3 x  C
3 3
 sec x(cos x  3 tan x) dx

2
6.
=  (cos x  3 sec x tan x) dx
=  cos x dx  3 sec x tan x dx
= sin x + 3 sec x + C

7. Let u = 1  5x. Then du = d(1  5x) = 5 dx. 1

12. Let u = ln (x + 1). Then du = d[ln (x + 1)] = dx.
1 u x 1
e1  5 x dx = 
5
e du  [ln ( x  1)]2
1  x 1 
dx = u 2 du
=  eu  C
5 1
= u3  C
1 1  5x 3
= e C
5 1
= [ln ( x  1)]3  C
3

1 13. Let u = 5 cos x + 13.

sin (4 x  8) dx =
4
sin u du  Then du = d(5 cos x + 13) = 5 sin x dx.
1 20 sin x 4
=  cos u  C
4  5 cos x  13
dx =
u
du
1
=  cos (4 x  8)  C 
1
4 =4 u  2 du
=  42 u  C
9. Let u = 4  3x. Then du = d(4  3x) = 3 dx.
=  8 5 cos x  13  C
1
 cot (4  3 x) cosec (4  3 x) dx = 
3
cot u cosec u du
1
= cosec u  C
3
14.  sin 9 x sin 5x dx
1
1 =  [cos (9 x  5 x)  cos (9 x  5 x)] dx
= cosec (4  3 x)  C 2
3
1
=  (cos 4 x  cos14 x) dx
2
10. Let u = x  4. Then du = d(x  4) = dx. 1 1
x u4
=
2 
cos 4 x dx 
2 
cos 14 x dx
 dx = 
du 1 1
x4 u
1 1
=
8 
cos 4 x d (4 x) 
28 
cos 14 x d (14 x)

=  (u 2  4u 2 ) du 1 1
= sin 4 x  sin 14 x  C
8 28
3 1
2 2
= u  4  2u 2  C
3
2
3 1 15.  sin 4 x cos 3x dx
= ( x  4) 2  8( x  4) 2  C 1
3 =  [sin (4 x  3 x)  sin (4 x  3 x)] dx
2
1
11. Let u = 3x + 1. Then du = d(3x + 1) = 3 dx. =
2 
(sin 7 x  sin x) dx
4 4
1 u 1 3 1 1
 x(3 x  1) 3 dx =
3 3
 u du =
2 
sin 7 x dx 
2  sin x dx
1 1
 
7 4
1 = sin 7 x d (7 x)  sin x dx
=
9 
(u 3  u 3 ) du 14
1 1
2
10 7 =  cos 7 x  cos x  C
1 3 1 3 14 2
=  u 3   u3 C
9 10 9 7
10 7
1 1
= (3 x  1) 3  (3 x  1) 3  C
30 21

334 Solutions
cos 3 x 1 2
16.  2
dx =
2 
cos 2 x cos x dx 20.
 9
4 x 2  9 = 4 x 2   = 2 x 2   
 4
3
2
1
=
2 
(1  sin 2 x) d (sin x) 3
Let x = sec , where 0 <  < .
π
2 2
1 1
=
2
d (sin x)  2 
sin 2 x d (sin x)  3  3
Then x = d  sec  = sec  tan  d.
1 1 2  2
= sin x  sin 3 x  C dx dx
2 6
 x 4x2  9
=  3
2
2x x2   
2
 sin 
6
17. x cos x dx = sin 6 x d (sin x)
3
1 sec  tan  d
2
= sin 7 x  C
7
=  9 9
3 sec  sec 2  
4 4
π π 1 sec  tan  d
18. Let x = 6 sin , where 
2
<< .
2
=
2 3 
sec  tan 
Then dx = d(6 sin ) = 6 cos  d and 2
1
36  x 2 = 6 cos . =
3
d 
dx 6 cos  d 1
 36  x 2
= 
6 cos 
=  C
3
1 1  2 x 
= d = sec    C
3  3 
=+C
x
= sin 1    C  1 
6 21.  x sin 4 x dx =  x d   4 cos 4 x 
 1   1 
π
19. Let x = 2 tan , where  <  < .
π
 4  
= x  cos 4 x     cos 4 x  dx
 4 
2 2
1 1
2 =  x cos 4 x 
4 4 cos 4 x dx
dx 2 sec 2  d 1 1
 x2  4
= 
4 tan 2   4
=  x cos 4 x 
4 16 cos 4 x d (4 x)
2 sec 2  d 1 1
=  4 sec 2 
=  x cos 4 x  sin 4 x  C
4 16
1
=
2
d 
1 
 xe 
3x
1 22. dx = x d  e3 x 
=  C 3 
2
1 x 1  1 3x
= tan 1    C
2 2
= x e 3 x  
3  3e dx
1 3x 1 3x
=
3
xe 
3
e dx 
1 1
= xe3 x  e3 x  C
3 9

 ln (4 x ) dx =  (ln 4  ln x ) dx
3 3
23. d2y
26. = 12x  6
dx 2
=  (ln 4  3 ln x) dx
dy
= ln 4  dx  3 ln x dx dx 
= (12 x  6) dx
= 6x2  6x + C1
= x ln 4 + 3x ln x   x d (ln x) 

y = (6 x 2  6 x  C1 ) dx
1

= x ln 4 + 3x ln x  3 x dx
x
= 2x3  3x2 + C1x + C2

= x ln 4 + 3x ln x  3 dx
0 = 2(1)3  3(1)2 + C1(1) + C2
= x ln 4 + 3x ln x  3x + C 1 = C1 + C2 .................. (1)
Since the curve passes through (1 , 4), we have
dy 4 = 2(1)3  3(1)2 + C1(1) + C2
24. = 12x3  2x
dx
1 = C2  C1 ................ (2)

y = (12 x 3  2 x) dx
(1) + (2): 2 = 2C2
= 3x4  x2 + C C2 = 1
Since the curve passes through (2 , 3), we have Substitute C2 = 1 into (1).
3 = 3(2)4  (2)2 + C 1 = C1 + 1
C = 41 C1 = 0
∴ The equation of the curve is y = 3x4  x2  41. ∴ The relation between x and y is y = 2x3  3x2 + 1.
25. f (x) = sec x tan x + sec2 x d d

27. (a) [f(x)]2 = 2f(x) f(x)
dx dx

2
f(x) = (sec x tan x  sec x) dx
= 2f (x)f(x)
= sec x + tan x + C
d
π  ∴ [ f ( x)]2  2 f ( x) f ( x)
Since the curve passes through  , 2  , we have dx
 4 
π π
2 = sec  tan  C 1
1
4 4
 f ( x) f ( x) dx =
2 
2 f ( x) f ( x) dx
2 = 1  C 1
π = [ f ( x)]2  C
cos 2
4
2 = 2 1  C (b) Let f(x) = 5x3 + 4x2 + 2x + 3.
C = 1 f (x) = 15x2 + 8x + 2
∴ The equation of the curve is y = sec x + tan x  1. From the result of (a), we have
 (15 x
2
 8 x  2)(5 x 3  4 x 2  2 x  3) dx
(5 x 3  4 x 2  2 x  3) 2
= C
2
x 4  3x 2  5 x4 3x 2 5
28.  x 2
dx =
x 2
dx
x 2 
dx 
x2
dx 
=  x dx  3 dx  5 x dx
2 2
x3
=  3 x  5 x 1  C
3

336 Solutions
x2  x  3 x2 x 3 34. Let u = 3x2  7x + 11.

29.  x
dx =
x
dx    x 
dx 
x
dx
Then du = d(3x2  7x + 11) = (6x  7) dx.
1
 1 (6 x  7)(3 x 2  7 x)

= x dx   x 2 dx  3  x dx  4
dx
2
1 (3 x  7 x  11) 3
x2
=  2 x 2  3 lnx C u  11
2 =  4
du
u3
1 4
e4 x  1 (e 2 x  1)(e 2 x  1)  
30.  ex 1
dx =  ex 1
dx = u  3 du  11 u  3 du
2 1
(e 2 x  1)(e x  1)(e x  1) 3 
=  ex 1
dx = u 3  11(3u 3 )  C
2
2 1
=  (e 2x
 1)(e x  1) dx 3 
= (3 x 2  7 x  11) 3  33(3 x 2  7 x  11) 3  C
2
=  (e 3x
 e 2 x  e x  1) dx
e3 x e 2 x 2x
=   ex  x  C 35. Let u = ln (x2 + 1). Then du = d[ln (x2 + 1)] = dx.
3 2 2
x 1
2x 1
 (x 2
 1) ln ( x  1) 2
dx =  u du
 (5 cot 
2
31. x  3) dx = [5(cosec 2 x  1)  3] dx
= lnu+ C
=  (5 cosec x  2) dx2
= lnln (x2 + 1)+ C
= 5 cosec x dx  2  dx
2
1 1
= 5 cot x  2x + C 36. (a) 2
 2
x  x4 x  x3
( x 2  x  3)  ( x 2  x  4)
=
 [(sec x  cosec x)  (sec x  cosec x) ] dx
2 2
32. ( x 2  x  4)( x 2  x  3)
1
=  (sec x  2 sec x cosec x  cosec x 
2 2 = 2
( x  x  4)( x 2  x  3)
sec2 x  2 sec x cosec x + cosec2 x) dx 1
∴
( x  x  4)( x 2  x  3)
2

= (2 sec 2 x  2 cosec 2 x) dx
1 1
 
 
= 2 sec 2 x dx  2 cosec 2 x dx x2  x  4 x2  x  3
= 2 tan x  2 cot x + C 2x  1
(b)  ( x  x  4)( x 2  x  3)
2
dx
 1 
x 2  8 x  13 ( x 2  8 x  16)  3
33.  x 2  8 x  16
dx = 
x 2  8 x  16
dx 
= (2 x  1)  2 2  dx
 ( x  x  4)( x  x  3) 
 3   1 1 
= 1  2 
 x  8 x  16 
 dx 
= (2 x  1) 2  2
 x  x4 x  x3
 dx
 3  2x  1 2x  1

= 1  2
 ( x  4) 
dx =  2
x  x4
dx  2
x  x3
dx 
1 d ( x 2  x  4) d ( x 2  x  3)

= dx  3 
( x  4) 2
d ( x  4) =  x2  x  4

x2  x  3 
3 = lnx2 + x  4 lnx2 + x  3+ C
=x C
x4

1 1 ( x  1)  ( x  3) cos 2 x cos 2 x  sin 2 x

37. (a) =

x  3 x 1 ( x  3)( x  1) 40.  sin x  cos x
dx = 
sin x  cos x
dx
4 (cos x  sin x)(cos x  sin x)
=
( x  3)( x  1)
= 
sin x  cos x
dx
4 1 1 =  (cos x  sin x) dx
∴  
( x  3)( x  1) x  3 x  1
=  cos x dx   sin x dx
(b) Let u = ex. Then du = d(ex) = exdx.
4e x = sin x + cos x + C

e 2 x  2e x  3
dx
4 dx dx
= 
2
u  2u  3
du 41.  tan x  cot x =  sin x x
cos
4 2 2 2  2
= 
(u  3)(u  1)
du
cos
x
sin
x
2 2
 1 1 
=   
 u  3 u 1
 du x
sin cos
x
2 2 dx
1 1 =  2 x x
= 
u 3
du  u 1
du sin
2
 cos 2
2
1 1 x x
= 
u 3
d (u  3)  u 1
d (u  1)

= sin cos dx
2 2
= lnu  3 lnu + 1+ C 1
= lnex  3 lnex + 1+ C
=
2 
sin x dx
1
=  cos x  C
2
 (cos 3x  sin 3x  sin 3x cos 3x) dx
2 2
38.
1
  3 4
=   cos 6 x  sin 6 x  dx 42.
 2 
1 =  cot x cosec x cosec x dx
3 2 2

= cos 6 x dx 
2 sin 6 x dx
=   cot x(1  cot x) d (cot x)
3 2
1 1
=
6 
cos 6 x d (6 x) 
12 
sin 6 x d (6 x)
=  ( cot x  cot x) d (cot x)
3 5
1 1
= sin 6 x  cos 6 x  C =   cot x d (cot x)   cot x d (cot x)
3 5
6 12
cot 4 x cot 6 x
2
=  C
 x x 4 6
39. 
 sin  cos  dx
 2 2
 x x x x dx 1  cos x

=  sin 2  2 sin cos  cos 2  dx
 2 2 2 2
43.  1  cos x =  (1  cos x)(1  cos x) dx
1  cos x

= (1  sin x) dx =  1  cos
2
x
dx
=  dx   sin x dx 1  cos x
= sin 2 x
dx
= x + cos x + C
=  (cosec x  cot x cosec x) dx
2
=  cosec x dx   cot x cosec x dx

2
= cot x + cosec x + C

338 Solutions
π π dx dx
44. Let x  2 = 5 tan , where 
2
<< .
2  2x 2
 6x  7
=   3
2
5
Then dx = d(5 tan  + 2) = 5 sec  d.
2 2  x    
 2 4

dx 5 sec 2  d
 25  ( x  2) 2
= 
25  25 tan 2  1
5
sec 2  d
4
5 sec 2  d
=
2  5 5
= 
25 sec  2 4
tan 2  
4
1 5
=
5
d  1 4
sec 2  d
1
=  C
=
2  5
sec 2 
5 4
1  x2 1
= tan 1 
5  5 
C =
5  d
1
=  C
π π 5
45. Let 3x  1 = 4 sin , where  <  < .
2 2 1  2x  3 
= tan 1    C
 4 sin   1  4 5
Then dx = d   = cos  d.  5 
 3  3
4
cos  d x
dx 3
 =  x 2e 3 1
x 
16  (3 x  1) 2 16  16 sin 2  47.  9 9


dx =  x 2 d (3e 3 )

4
cos  d
1  2  3  
x x
3
=  4 cos  =  x 3e  3e 3 d ( x 2 )
9    
1    
=
3
d  1 2
x x
1
=  C
= x 2e 3 
3 3
xe 3 dx 
3 x
2
x 
1
1 1  3 x  1 
= sin  C
= x 2 e 3   xd (3e 3 )
3 3
  
3  4 
1 2 3 2   3  
x x x
 7
=
3
x e   x 3e  3e 3 dx 
3    
46. 2x2  6x + 7 = 2 x 2  3 x      
 2 x x x
1
 9 9
= 2 x 2  3 x   
7

= x 2 e 3  2 xe 3  2 e 3 dx
3 
 4 4 2 x x x
1
 3
2
5 = x 2e 3  2 xe 3  6e 3  C
= 2  x     3
 2 4

3 5 π π
Let x  = tan , where  <  < .
2 4 2 2
 5 3 5
Then dx = d  tan    = sec2  d.
 4 2  4
 

1
 tan  d
4
48. Let u = x . Then du = d( x ) = dx. (b)
2 x
=  tan  tan  d
2 2
 
cos x dx = (cos u )2u du
=  tan  (sec   1) d
2 2

= 2 u d (sin u )
  =  tan  sec  d   tan  d

2 2 2

= 2 u sin u  sin u du
=  tan  sec  d   (sec   1) d
2 2 2

= 2u sin u  2 sin u du
=  tan  sec  d   sec  d   d
2 2 2
= 2u sin u + 2 cos u + C
= 2 x sin x  2 cos x  C 1
= tan 3   tan     C
3
 x(ln x) dx
2
49.
 sin 
1
51. x dx = x sin1 x  x d (sin 1 x)
1 2
=  (ln x) d  x
2
 xdx
2  = x sin1 x
1 2 1 1 x2
= x (ln x) 2 
2 2 
x 2 d [(ln x) 2 ]
1 d (1  x 2 )
1 1 2 1 = x sin1 x + 
= x 2 (ln x) 2 
2 2 
x  2 ln x  dx
x
2 1 x2
1
1 2 = x sin1 x +  2 1  x2  C
2 
= x (ln x) 2  x ln x dx 2
1 2 1  = x sin 1 x  1  x 2  C
2 
= x (ln x) 2  ln x d  x 2 
2 
1 2 1 1 2  52. (a) sin x  A(sin x + cos x) + B(cos x  sin x)
=
2
x (ln x) 2   x 2 (ln x) 
2 2 
x d (ln x)
 sin x  (A  B) sin x + (A + B) cos x
1 1 1 2 1 
= x 2 (ln x) 2  x 2 ln x 
2 2 2
x  dx
x  ∴
 A  B  1 .......... ......... (1)

 A  B  0 .......... ......... (2)
1 1 1
= x 2 (ln x) 2  x 2 ln x 
2 2 2
x dx  (1) + (2): 2A = 1
1 1 x2 1
= x 2 (ln x) 2  x 2 ln x  C A=
2 2 4 2
1
Substitute A = into (2).
2
d d 1
50. (a) (tan 3  ) = 3 tan2  (tan ) +B=0
d d 2
1
= 3 tan2  sec2  B =
2
sin x
sec 2  tan 2  d =
1

3 tan 2  sec 2  d
(b) 
sin x  cos x
dx
3 1 1
1 (sin x  cos x)  (cos x  sin x)
= tan 3   C = 2  2 dx
3 sin x  cos x
 1 1 cos x  sin x 

=   
 2 2 sin x  cos x 
 dx
1 1 d (sin x  cos x)
=
2
dx  
2 
sin x  cos x
1 1
= x  x lnsin x  cos x C
2 2

340 Solutions
53. f (x) = ln (x + e) Let u = ex. Then du = d(ex) = ex dx.

du

f(x) = ln ( x  e) dx f(x) = 
u u 2 1
2

= x ln (x + e)  x d [ln ( x  e)]
u2 1
x = C
= x ln (x + e)   dx u
xe
e2x 1
( x  e)  e = C
= x ln (x + e) 
xe
dx  ex
 e 
= x ln (x + e)  1 
 x  e
 dx  1 = 
e 2(0)  1
C
d ( x  e) e0
= x ln (x + e)  dx  e
xe   2
1 =  C
= x ln (x + e)  x + e lnx + e+ C 1
Since the curve passes through (0 , 0), we have C = 2 1
0 = 0  ln (0 + e)  0 + e ln0 + e+ C
C = e e2x  1
y  2  1.
∴ The equation of the curve is ex
y = x ln (x + e)  x + e lnx + e e.
55. (a) When the particle changes its direction of motion,
dx
π π = 0.
54. (a) Let x = tan , where  << . dt
2 2
3t2  16t = 0
Then dx = d(tan ) = sec  d.
2
t(3t  16) = 0
dx sec 2  d
x 2
x 2 1
=  tan 2
 tan 2  1
16
t = 0 (rejected) or
3
sec 2  d ∴ The particle changes its direction of motion
= 
tan 2  sec 16
sec after seconds.
= 
tan 2 
d 3
dx
=  cosec  cot  d (b) = 3t2  16t
dt
= cosec  + C 
x = (3t 2  16t ) dt
2
x 1 = t3  8t2 + C
= C
x When t = 0, x = 0.
1
(b) f (x) = 0 = 03  8(0)2 + C
x 2x
e e 1
C=0
1
f(x) = e x
e2 x  1
dx ∴ x = t3  8t2
When t = 8,
e x dx
= e 2x
e 2 x 1
x = 83  8(8)2
=0
∴ The distance between the particle and its
initial position at t = 8 is 0 m.

56. (a) When the particle starts moving in the negative (b) (i) Let s m be the displacement of the particle
direction, v = 0. from O at time t.
48  6t = 0

s = v dt
t=8
=  (16  4t ) dt
∴ The particle starts moving in the negative
direction after 8 seconds. = 16t  2t2 + C
When t = 0, s = 0.
(b) (i) Let s m be the displacement of the particle
from O at time t. 0 = 16(0)  2(0)2 + C
C=0

s = v dt
∴ s = 16t  2t2
=  (48  6t ) dt When t = 4,
= 48t  3t2 + C s = 16(4)  2(4)2
When t = 0, s = 0. = 32
0 = 48(0)  3(0) + C 2 ∴ The total distance travelled by the
C=0 particle in the first 4 seconds is 32 m.
∴ s = 48t  3t 2
(ii) When t = 10,
When t = 5, s = 16(10)  2(10)2
s = 48(5)  3(5)2 = 165 = 40
∴ The total distance travelled by the Distance travelled by the particle from t = 4
particle in the first 5 seconds is 165 m. to t = 10
(ii) When t = 8, = [32  (40)] m
s = 48(8)  3(8)2 = 192 = 72 m
∴ The distance travelled by the particle in ∴ Total distance travelled by the particle
the first 8 seconds is 192 m. in the first 10 seconds
When t = 10, = (32 + 72) m
s = 48(10)  3(10) = 180 2 = 104 m
Distance travelled by the particle from t = 8 (c) When the particle moves back to O, s = 0.
to t = 10 16t  2t2 = 0
= (192  180) m 2t(8  t) = 0
= 12 m t = 0 (rejected) or 8
∴ Total distance travelled by the particle ∴ The particle moves back to O after 8 seconds.
in the first 10 seconds
= (192 + 12) m
= 204 m
57. (a) The particle is moving in the negative direction

when v < 0.
16  4t < 0
4t > 16
t>4
∴ The required range is t > 4.

342 Solutions
dN When t = 0, sc = 0.
58. = 50e0.1t
dt 0 = 02 + C2

0.1t
N = 50e dt C2 = 0
0.1t ∴ sc = t2 when t  10.
50e
= C
0 .1 When t = 10,
= 500e0.1t + C
sc = 102
When t = 0, N = 400. = 100
400 = 500e0.1(0) + C
When t > 10,
C = 100
∴ N = 500e0.1t  100 
sc = vc dt
When N = 5 000, =  20 dt
5 000 = 500e0.1t  100 = 20t + C3

51 When t = 10, sc = 100.
e0.1t =
5
100 = 20(10) + C3
51
0.1t = ln C3 = 100
5
t = 23.22, cor. to 2 d.p. ∴ sc = 20t  100 when t > 10.
∴ It takes 23.22 minutes for N to become 5 000. ∴ Distance (in m) travelled by the car
t 2 when t  10

59. (a) (i) Let ac m/s2, vc m/s and sc m be the 20t  100 when t  10
acceleration, the velocity and the (b) (i) Let am m/s2, vm m/s and sm m be the
displacement of the car from the starting acceleration, the velocity and the
point respectively. displacement of the motor cycle from the
When t  10, starting point respectively.
ac = 2 When t  6,

vc = ac dt am = 3
=  2 dt 
vm = am dt
= 2t + C1 =  3 dt
When t = 0, vc = 0. = 3t + C4
0 = 2(0) + C1 When t = 0, vm = 0.
C1 = 0 0 = 3(0) + C4
∴ vc = 2t when t  10. C4 = 0
When t = 10, ∴ vm = 3t when t  6.
vc = 2(10) = 20 When t = 6,
∴ Velocity (in m/s) of the car vm = 3(6) = 18
2t when t  10 ∴ vm = 18 when t > 6.

20 when t  10 ∴ Velocity (in m/s) of the motor cycle
(ii) When t  10,  3t when t  6


sc = vc dt 18 when t  6
=  2t dt
= t2 + C 2

(ii) When t  6, Since 6 < t  10, there are no solutions for t.

sm = vm dt ∴ sc > sm is impossible.
When t > 10,
=  3t dt
consider sc > sm.
3
= t 2 + C5 20t  100 > 18t  54
2
When t = 0, sm = 0. 2t > 46
3 t > 23
0 = (0) + C5
2 When t = 23,
C5 = 0 sc = 20(23)  100
3
∴ sm = t2 when t  6. = 360
2
∴ After 23 s, the car overtakes the motor cycle
When t = 6,
3 at a distance of 360 m from the starting
sm = (6)2
2 point.
= 54
When t > 6,
1 1
60.   sin 2  C

sm = vm dt 2 4
=  18 dt
1
= 18t + C6 61. (a) sin (3 x  1)  C
3
When t = 6, sm = 54.
(2  x) 2 005
(b)  C
54 = 18(6) + C6 2 005
C6 = 54
∴ sm = 18t  54 when t > 6. 1
62. (2 x  3)8  C
∴ Distance (in m) travelled by the motor 16
cycle
3 2 63. y = 3x + sin 2x  1
 t when t  6
 2
18t  54 when t  6
x3 1
64.  C
3 2 2 3 x
(c) When 0  t  6, t t.
2
∴ sc > sm is impossible.
(8 x  5) 251
65. C
When 6 < t  10, 2 008
consider sc > sm.
t2 > 18t  54 (4 x  1)3
66. (a) C
t2  18t + 54 > 0 12
cos 4 cos 2
 (18)  (18) 2  4(1)(54) (b)   C
t< or 8 4
2(1)
 (18)  (18) 2  4(1)(54) (2 x  1)3

t> 67. (a) C
2(1) 6
18  108 18  108 (2 x  1) 3  1
t< or t > (b) y =
2 2 6
t < 9  3 3 or t > 9 + 3 3

344 Solutions
du dy
68. (a)
dx
= 2e2x,
dx
= 2  4e4x 3. (a)  sin 3 cos 5 d
1
(b) y = 2x  e4x + 2 =  [sin (3  5 )  sin (3  5 )] d (1M)
2
1
69. y = (x2 + 1) ln (x2 + 1)  x2 + 1
=
2 
[sin 8  sin (2 )] d
1 1
x9 2 x6 1
=
2 
sin 8 d 
2
sin 2 d 
70.   2 x 3  4 lnx 3  C 1 1
9 3 3x =
16 
sin 8 d (8 ) 
4 
sin 2 d (2 )
1 1
x =  cos 8  cos 2  C (1A)
71. (a) sin 1    C 16 4
2
 cosec  sec  d
2 2
(b) x ln x  x + C (b)
=  (1  cot  ) sec  d
2 2
72. (a) x + lnx+ C

=  (sec   cot  sec  ) d
2 2 2
(1M)
1 2 1
(b) ( x  1)  lnx 2  1 C
2 2 =  sec  d   cosec  d
2 2
= tan   cot  + C (1A)

73. (a) y = ex  x + 1
(b) y  2 = 0
1  sin 
4. (a) L.H.S. =
1  sin 
Unit Test (P.6.59) (1  sin  )(1  sin  )
= (1M)
dy (1  sin  )(1  sin  )
1. = 2(5x  1)(2 + x)
dx 1  2 sin   sin 2 
=

y = 2(5 x  1)(2  x) dx (1M) 1  sin 2 
1  2 sin   1  cos 2 

= 2 (5 x 2  9 x  2) dx =
cos 2 
= 10  x dx  18 x dx  4  dx
2 2  2 sin   cos 2 
=
cos 2 
10 x 3
=  9x2  4x  C (1A) = 2 sec2 + 2 tan  sec   1
3
= R.H.S.
1  sin 
 1 1 ∴  2 sec 2   2 tan  sec  1 (1)
  x 
  dx = x 2 dx  
2
2. (a) dx 1  sin 
x x
1  sin 
=
x3
 lnx C (1M+1A)
(b)  1  sin  d
3
5e x  e 4 x ex e4 x 
= (2 sec 2   2 tan  sec  1) d (1M)
(b)  e2 x
dx = 5e 2x
dx e 2x
dx
= 5 ex
dx   e 2x
dx (1M)
 
= 2 sec 2  d  2 tan  sec d  d 
= 2 tan  + 2 sec    + C (1A)
1
=  5e x
 e2 x  C (1A)
2

5. (a)  cosec x dx (b) When x = 0,

1 2 02 1 02 1
cosec x  cot x y= ( 0) e  e 
=  cosec x  dx 2 2 2
cosec x  cot x
= 1
cosec 2 x  cot x cosec x
=  dx 2
cosec x  cot x f (0) = 0 3 e 0 = 0 (1M)

∴ The required equation is
d (cosec x  cot x)
=  cosec x  cot x
(1A)
y  (1) = 0(x  0)
= lncosec x  cot x+ C y+1=0 (1A)
∴  cosec x dx  lncosec x  cot x C (1)
π π
(b) Let x = 2 tan , where  << .
2 2
2
dx 2 sec 2  d
x x2  4
=  2 tan  4 tan 2   4
(1M)
sec 2  d
= 
tan   2 sec 
1 sec
= 
2 tan 
d
1
=
2 
cosec  d
1
= lncosec   cot   C
2
1 x2  4 2
= ln  C (1A)
2 x x
2
6. (a) f (x) = x 3e x

2
f(x) = x 3e x dx (1M)
1 2

2
= x (2 xe x ) dx
2
=
1
2
 2
x 2 d (e x ) 
1
 2 2
= x 2e x  e x d ( x 2 )
2   (1M)
1 2 x2 1 x2
= x e  e C (1A)
2 2
 1
Since the curve passes through 1 ,   , we have
 2
1 1 2 (1)2 1 (1)2
 = (1) e  e  C
2 2 2
1
C= 
2
1 2 x2 1 x2 1
y x e  e  . (1A)
2 2 2

M2 Publisher New Century E Book Answers-NCM (2nd) TMM2A06 - e

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Chapter 6 Indefinite Integration

Instant Drill 1 (P.6.4) 3

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Instant Drill 6 (P.6.9)

1 =  cosec x dx   cosec x cot x dx

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= 4  cosec x dx   sec x tan x dx

Since u = 2x  3, du = d(2x  3) = 2 dx.

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Instant Drill 15 (P.6.21) (b) Let u = tan 3  1.

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Instant Drill 19 (P.6.26)

1 1 =   cos x d (cos x)  2  cos x d (cos x) 

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Instant Drill 22 (P.6.30) Instant Drill 24 (P.6.33)

=  tan x(1  tan x) d (tan x)

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Instant Drill 26 (P.6.34) 1

cos  1 = x sin x + cos x + C

Instant Drill 27 (P.6.35) = x2 cos x + 2  x d (sin x) 

= (x + 1)2 + 32 = x2 cos x + 2x sin x   sin x dx 

= x2 cos x + 2x sin x + 2 cos x + C

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x e  Instant Drill 32 (P.6.44)

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Instant Drill 34 (P.6.45) When t = 0, s = 0.

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cos x  sin x 1 1 Class Practice 6.3 (P.6.23)

=  (cos x  2 cosec x cot x) dx  (2 x  5) 2 dx =

1 sin x 2. (a) Let u = 5x + 3. Then du = d(5x + 3) = 5 dx.

1 1  sin x (b) Let u = x + 4. Then du = d(x + 4) = dx.

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=  u du =  (sin   2 sin  cos   cos  ) d

5. (a) Let u = 5  3 cos . Then Class Practice 6.4 (P.6.35)

du = d(5  3 cos ) = 3 sin  d. 1. (a)  cos 2 x cos 3x dx

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x =  sec x d (sec x)   sec x d (sec x)

=  sin x d (sin x)  2  sin x d (sin x) 

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2 cos  d (b) Let u = x3. Then du = d(x3) = 3x2 dx.

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cos 2x + 2 sin 2 x d (e )  x = 10 x 2  C

Class Practice 6.6 (P.6.48) 2

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4. (a) Let v m/s be its velocity at time t. d

=  5t dt (b) From (a), (2x + 3)5 = 10(2x + 3)4.

By the definition of indefinite integral, x3

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= 2  cos x dx   cosec x cot x dx

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(sin x  cos x) 2  (sin x  cos x) 2 37. (a) L.H.S. = sec2 x + cosec2 x

[sin x  cos x  (sin x  cos x)] sin 2 x  cos 2 x

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x tan x sin 2 x  sin 2 x 

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5. Let u = 3x  2. Then du = d(3x  2) = 3 dx.

9. Let u = 1  x. Then du = d(1  x) = dx.