CHAPTER 44 STANDARD INTEGRATION

EXERCISE 215 Page 472

1. Determine: (a)  4 dx (b)  7x dx

(a)  4 dx = 4x + c

7x 2
(b)  7x dx = +c
2

2 5
5x 6x
2 3
2. Determine: (a) dx (b) dx

2x
3
2 2 2 3
(a) 5 x dx =   + c = 15 x + c
5 3

5x
4
5 3 5 4
(b) 6 x dx =   + c = 24 x + c
6 4

 3x 2 − 5x 
3. Determine: (a)    ( 2 +  ) d
2
 dx (b)
 x 

 3x 2 − 5x   3x 2 5x  3x 2
(a)   x    x x   (
dx = − dx = 3x − 5 ) dx =
2
− 5x + c

3
(b)  (2 + ) 2 d =  ( 4 + 4 + 2 ) d = 4 + 22 + +c
3

4 3
4. Determine: (a)  3x 2
dx (b)  4x 4
dx

 4  x   4  x 
−2 +1 −1
4 4 4 −1 4
(a)  2 dx =  x dx =   
−2
 + c =   +c = − x +c = − +c
3x 3  3   −2 + 1   3   −1  3 3x

 3  x   3  x 
−4+1 −3
3 3 1 −3 1
 
−4
(b) dx = x dx =    + c =   +c = − x +c = − 3 +c
 4   −4 + 1   4   −3 
4
4x 4 4 4x

© John Bird Published by Taylor and Francis Chapter 44 688

 14
5. Determine: (a) 2 x 3 dx (b) 4 x 5 dx

 3 +1   5 
3
 x 2   x2   2 52  4 5
(a) 2 x 3 dx = 2 x dx = ( 2 ) 
2
 + c = (2)   + c = ( 2)  x  + c = x +c
3 5 5  5
 +1   
2   2 

 5 +1   9 
14 5 1 1 x  4 5
 1  x4   1  4 4 
9
14 9
(b)  4
x dx =  x dx =   
4
4

 4   5 +1 
+c = 
4 9
 + c =   x  + c =
 4  9  9
x +c

4   4 

−5 3
6. Determine: (a)  t 3
dt (b) 7 5
x4
dx

3 1
− +1 −
−5 1 −
3
t 2
t 2
 2 −
1
(a)  dt = −5 dt = −5 t dt = (−5)
2
+ c = (−5) + c = ( −5 )  −  t 2 + c
t3
3
 3   1  1
t 2
 − + 1 − 
 2   2
10 10
= 1 +c = +c
2 t
t
4 1
− +1
 3  5  5
4 1
3 3 1 3 3 x 3 x − 15 5 5 5
(b)  dx =  4 dx =  x dx = +c = + c =    x + c =
5
x +c
5
7 x 4 7 7 7 4  7 1  7  1  7
x 5
 − + 1  
 5  5

7. Determine: (a)  3cos 2x dx (b)  7 sin 3 d

1  3
(a)  3cos 2x dx = (3)  sin 2x  + c = sin 2x + c
2  2

 1  7
(b)  7 sin 3 d = (7)  − cos 3  + c = − cos 3 + c
 3  3

3
8. Determine: (a)  4 sec2 3x dx (b)  2 cos ec 2 4 d

© John Bird Published by Taylor and Francis Chapter 44 689

 3  3  1  1
 4 sec 3x dx =   tan 3x  + c = tan 3x + c
2
(a)
 4  3  4

 1  1
(b)  2 cos ec
2
4 d = ( 2 )  − cot 4  + c = − cot 4 + c
 4  2

4
9. Determine: (a) 5  cot 2t cos ec 2t dt (b)  3 sec 4t tan 4t dt

 1  5
(a) 5 cot 2t cos ec2t dt = ( 5 )  − cos ec2t  + c = − cosec2t + c
 2  2

4  4  1  1
(b)  3 sec 4t tan 4t dt =  3 
 4
sec 4t  + c =
 3
sec 4t + c

3 2 dx
10. Determine: (a)  4 e2x dx (b)
3  e5x

3 3  1 2x  3 2x
(a)  4 e2x dx =  e +c = e +c
42  8

2 dx 2 −5x  2  1  2 −2
(b) 
3 e 5x
=  e dx =   e −5x  + c = − e −5x + c =
3  3  −5  15 15e5x
+c

2  u2 −1 
11. Determine: (a)  3x dx (b)  
 u 
 du

2 2 1 2
(a)  3x dx =  3   x dx = 3 ln x + c

 u2 −1   u2 1   1 u2
(b)  
 u 
 du =   u − u  du =  

u − 
u
du =
2
− ln u + c

(2 + 3x)2
2
1 
12. Determine: (a)  dx (b)   + 2t  dt
x t 

© John Bird Published by Taylor and Francis Chapter 44 690

 (2 + 3x) 2 4 + 12x + 9x 2  4 12x 9x 2   − 12 1 3

(a)  dx =  dx =   1 + 1 + 1  dx =   4x + 12x 2
+ 9x 2
 dx
x x  2   
x x2 x2 
1 3 5
4x 2 12x 2 9x 2 18 5
= + + + c = 8 x + 8 x3 + x +c
1 3 5 5
2 2 2
2
1  1  1  1 2
  + 2t  dt =   + 2t  + 2t  dt =   2 + 4 + 4t  dt =  ( t + 4 + 4t ) dt
−2 2
(b)
t  t  t  t 

t −1 4t 3 1 4t 3
= + 4t + + c = − + 4t + +c
−1 3 t 3

© John Bird Published by Taylor and Francis Chapter 44 691

EXERCISE 216 Page 474

4 3

1
1. Evaluate: (a)
1
5x 2 dx (b)  −1
− t 2 dt
4

4
4  5x 3   5(4)3   5(1)3   320   5  315
 5x dx =  = − = −  =
2
(a)   = 105
1
 3 1  3   3   3  3 3

3  (1)3 (−1)3  
1
3 1 3  t3  3 1 1 32 1
(b)  − t 2 dt = −   = −  −   = −  − −  = −   = − or – 0.5
−1 4 4  3  −1 4  3 3  4 3 3 43 2

 ( 3 − x ) dx  (x − 4x + 3) dx
2 3
2 2
2. Evaluate: (a) (b)
−1 1

23   ( −1)  =  6 − 8  −  −3 − − 1 
2 3
 x3  
(a)  ( 3 − x ) dx = 3x −  = 3(2) −  − 3(−1) −
2
2
    
−1
 3  −1  3   3   3  3

1  2
= 3 −  −2  = 6
3  3
3
 x 3 4x 2  1   1
(b)  ( x − 4x + 3) dx =  −
1
+ 3x  = ( 9 − 18 + 9 ) −  − 2 + 3  = ( 0 ) −  1  = −1
3
2
1
3 2 1 3   3 3

 3  /2
3. Evaluate: (a)  0 2
cos  d (b)  0
4 cos  d

 3 3 3 3
cos  d = sin  0 = sin  − sin 0  = ( 0 − 0 ) = 0

(a)  0 2 2 2 2

 /2   
4 cos  d = 4 sin  0 = 4 sin − sin 0  = 4 (1 − 0 ) = 4
 /2
(b)  0
 2 

 /3 2
4. Evaluate: (a)   /6
2sin 2 d (b)  0
3sin t dt

2 2 2 2
cos 2  / 6 = − cos − cos 
/3 2 /3
(a)  /6
2sin 2 d = −
2  3 6 
(note that
3
and
6
are in radians)

= - [- 0.5 – 0.5] = - [- 1] = 1
© John Bird Published by Taylor and Francis Chapter 44 692
 3sin t dt = −3  cos t  0 = −3[cos 2 − cos 0]
2

2
(b) (note that 2 is 2 radians)
0

= - 3[- 0.41615 – 1] = 4.248

1  /6
5. Evaluate: (a)  0
5cos 3x dx (b)  0
3sec2 2x dx

1
1  5 5
(a)  5cos 3x dx = 5  sin 3x  = sin 3 − sin 0 = ( 0.14112 − 0 ) = 0.2352
1

0
3 0 3 3

 /6
 /6 1  3    3   3
(b)  3sec 2x dx = 3  tan 2x  =  tan  2   − tan 0  =  tan − tan 0 = (1.73205 − 0 )
2
0
2 0 2  6  2 3  2
= 2.598

 /2
 ( 3sin 2x − 2 cos 3x ) dx
2
6. Evaluate: (a) 1
cos ec 2 4t dt (b)
 /4

cot 4t 1 = − cot 8 − cot 4 = − 

2 1 1 1 1 1 
 cos ec 2 4tdt = − −
2
(a)
1 4 4 4  tan 8 tan 4 
1
=− ( −0.147065 − 0.863691) = 0.2527
4
/ 2
/ 2  3 2 
(b)  ( 3sin 2x − 2 cos 3x ) dx =  − cos 2x − sin 3x 
/ 4
 2 3  / 4

 3 2 2 3   3 2 2 3 
=  − cos − sin  −  − cos − sin 
 2 2 3 2   2 4 3 4 

3 2  2 
=  +  −  0 − (0.707107)  = 2.638
2 3  3 

1 2

2
7. Evaluate: (a)
0
3e3t dt (b)  −1 3e 2x
dx

1
1 
(a)  3e3t dt = 3  e3t  = e3t  0 = ( e3 − e0 ) = ( 20.0855 − 1) = 19.09
1 1

0
3  0
2
−2x
2  e−2x 
= − e−2x  = − ( e−4 − e2 ) = − ( 0.018316 − 7.38906 )
2 2 2e 1 1 1

2
(b) 
2
dx = dx =  
−1 3e 2x −1 3 3  −2  −1 3 −1 3 3
© John Bird Published by Taylor and Francis Chapter 44 693
 = 2.457

3 2 2x 2 + 1

3
8. Evaluate: (a)
2 3x
dx (b) 1 x
dx

2 2 3 1 2 2
dx =  ln x  2 = ( ln 3 − ln 2 ) = 0.2703
3
 dx = 
3
(a)
2 3x 3 2 x 3 3

2x 2 + 1 3  2x 1 3  1
2
3
 dx =   +  dx =   2x +  dx =  x 2 + ln x  = (9 + ln 3) – (1 + ln 1)
3
(b)
1 x 1
 x x 1
 x 1

= 9 + ln 3 – 1 = 8 + ln 3 = 9.099

9. The entropy change  S, for an ideal gas is given by:

T2 dT V2 dV
S=  T1
Cv
T
− R
V1 V

where T is the thermodynamic temperature, V is the volume and R = 8.314.

Determine the entropy change when a gas expands from 1 litre to 3 litres for a temperature rise from

100K to 400K given that:

CV = 45 + 6 × 10-3 T + 8 × 10-6 T2

 ( 45 + 6 10 T + 8 10−6 T 2 )
400 dT 3 dV
S = −3
− 8.314 
100 T 1 V

400  45 −6 
3 dV
  + 6 10 + 8 10 T  dT − 8.314 1
−3
=
100
T  V

400
 8 10−6 T 2 
=  45ln T + 6 10−3 T + − 8.314  ln V 1
3

 2  100

 −3 8 10−6 (400) 2   −3 8 10−6 (100)2  

=  45ln 400 + 6 10 (400) +  −  45ln100 + 6 10 (100) + 
 2   2 
- 8.314[ln3 – ln 1]

= (269.616 + 2.4 + 0.64) – (207.233 + 0.6 + 0.04) – 9.134

= 272.656 – 207.873 – 9.134

= 55.65

© John Bird Published by Taylor and Francis Chapter 44 694

 b Q
10. The p.d. between boundaries a and b of an electric field is given by: V =  a 2 r  0  r
dr

If a = 10, b = 20, Q = 2 10−6 coulombs, 0 = 8.8510-12 and r = 2.77, show that V = 9 kV.

Q Q 1 Q Q
ln r  a =
b b
  dr = (ln b − ln a)
b
V= dr =
a 2r 0  r 2  0  r a r 2  0  r 2  0  r

2 10−6
= (ln 20 − ln10) = 9000 V or 9 kV
2 ( 8.85 10−12 ) ( 2.77 )

11. The average value of a complex voltage waveform is given by:

1 
(10sin t + 3sin 3t + 2sin 5t ) d ( t )
 0
VAV =

Evaluate VAV correct to 2 decimal places.

1 
(10sin t + 3sin 3t + 2sin 5t ) d(t)
 0
VAV =


1 3 2 
=  −10 cos t − cos 3t − cos 5t 
 3 5 0

1
( −10 cos  − cos 3 − 0.4 cos 5 ) − ( −10 cos 0 − cos 0 − 0.4 cos 0 ) 

=

1
(10 + 1 + 0.4 ) − ( −10 − 1 − 0.4 ) 

=

1 22.8
= (11.4 ) − ( −11.4 )  = = 7.26
 

t2
12. The volume of liquid in a tank is given by: v =  q dt . Determine the volume of a chemical,
t1

given q = ( 5 − 0.05t + 0.003t 2 ) m 3 / s , t1 = 0 and t 2 = 16 s.

( 5 − 0.05t + 0.003t ) dt
t2 16
Volume of liquid, v =  q dt = 
2
t1 0

© John Bird Published by Taylor and Francis Chapter 44 695

 16
 t2 t3 
= 5t − (0.05) + (0.003) 
 2 3 0
 (16)2 (16)3 
= 5(16) − (0.05) + (0.003) −  0
 2 3 

= (80 – 6.4 + 4.096) – (0) = 77.7 m 3

EXERCISE 217 Page 475

1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (a) 5. (c) 6. (d) 7. (b) 8. (b) 9. (b) 10. (d)

© John Bird Published by Taylor and Francis Chapter 44 696