(Amuno, The Four Categories of Computer Hardware, 2019)

Input Devices
For raw data input. Components which are used to input raw data are categorized under
input devices. They aid in feeding data such as text, images, and audiovisuals recordings. They
even aid in file transfers between computers. The keyboard is probably the most commonly
used input device.

Processing Devices
To process raw data instructions into information. Processing is the core function of
computer. It is the stage where raw data is transformed into information. Once data has been
processed, it can be used for useful purposes. Components that manipulate data into
information are categorized under processing. The microprocessor is the major device in this
category.

Output devices
To disseminate data and information. Hardware components that disseminate and
display both data and information are classified under the output category. It is the culmination
of a cycle which starts with the input of raw data and processing.

Storage Devices
For data and information retention. Components that retain/store data are classified
under memory/storage devices. Storage is sub-divided under primary and secondary memory
and is either volatile or nonvolatile. Primary memory usually refers to random-access memory
(RAM) but can also refers to all.

Hard Disk Drive (HDD), Solid State Drive, Random Access Memory (RAM), CD, DVD and Blu-Ray Discs,
DVD-RAM, ROM, and USB Flash Memory.
 References

Ayunar, G., Bonifacio, K. L., Pasoc, R. I., & Galia-Casildo, N. J. (2021). Living in the IT era (1st

edition). CMU Press.