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11TH (MATH) pair of straight line

(Home ASSIGNMENT)
1. (d) x 2 + y 2 + xy = 0 ⇒ ( x − ωy )( x − ω 2 y ) = 0
1, ω, ω 2 are cube roots of unity. Hence the lines are imaginary.
2. (b) hxy + gx + fy + c = 0, Apply ∆' = 0
i.e., a ' b' c'+2 f ' g ' h '− a ' f ' 2 −b' g ' 2 − c ′ h ' 2 = 0
h g f
Here h ' = , g ' = , f ' = , c' = c, a ' = 0, b' = 0
2 2 2
2
hgf ch
Hence, − = 0 or fg = ch .
4 4
3. (a) We have abc + 2 fgh − af 2 − bg 2 − ch 2 = 0
⇒ (3)( −3)( −75) + 2(15)( −20)( h )
− 3(15) 2 − ( −3)( −20) 2 − ( −75)h 2 = 0
⇒ 675 − 600h − 675 + 1200 + 75h 2 = 0 ⇒ h = 4,4.
4. (a) ab( x 2 − y 2 ) + ( a 2 − b 2 ) xy = 0
⇒ abx 2 + a 2 xy − b 2 xy − aby 2 = 0
⇒ ax (bx + ay ) − by (bx + ay ) = 0
⇒ (bx + ay )( ax − by ) = 0
⇒ bx + ay = 0 and ax − by = 0 .
5. (c) ( x − 5) 2 + ( x − 5)( y − 6) − 2( y − 6) 2 = 0
⇒ x 2 + 25 − 10 x + xy + 30 − 6 x − 5 y − 2 y 2 − 72 + 24 y = 0
⇒ x 2 + xy − 2 y 2 − 16 x + 19 y − 17 = 0
Obviously, it is not a circle as a ≠ b and xy is present. On checking for pair of straight lines,
we get that the equation represents a pair of straight lines.
Also for x = 5, y = 6, equation vanishes. Therefore it passes through (5,6).
− 2h
6. (d) Here m1 + m 2 = .....(i)
b
a
and m1 m 2 = .....(ii)
b
m1
Also, given that 4ab = 3h 2 . Now we have to find ,
m2

therefore with the help of (i) and (ii), we get

4h 2 − 4ab 4h 2 − 3h 2 h 2
( m1 − m 2 ) =
2
= = 2
b2 b2 b

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h
⇒ m1 − m2 = .....(iii)
b
−h − 3h
Now on solving (i) and (iii), we get m1 = and m 2 = ; ∴ m1 : m2 = 1 : 3 .
2b 2b
7. (a) 4 x 2 + 12 xy + 9 y 2 = 0
 ± 2 h 2 − ab 
Here h 2 − ab = 36 − 36 = 0 ,  from tan θ =
 a+b 
 
Hence, lines are real and coincident.
8. (a) We know that the equation of perpendicular drawn from origin on
ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0 is bx 2 − 2hxy + ay 2 = 0 .
Therefore, the required equation is given by
12 x 2 + 10 xy + 2 y 2 = 0 or 6 x 2 + 5 xy + y 2 = 0 .
9. (a) The lines are coincident, if H 2 − AB = 0,
 a (b + c ) 
2

so   − a (bc ) = 0 ⇒ a (b − c ) = 0
2 2 2

 2 
⇒ a = 0 or b = c .
10. (a) Equation is 2 x 2 − xy − 6 y 2 + 7 x + 21 y − 15 = 0
Therefore, equation of lines parallel to given lines and passes through origin is
homogeneous 2nd degree equation i.e., 2 x 2 − xy − 6 y 2 = 0.
11. (c) Here equation is 2 x 2 + 4 xy − py 2 + 4 x + qy + 1 = 0 .
The lines are perpendicular, if a + b = 0
⇒2− p =0⇒ p = 2
and it will represent two lines, if
abc + 2 fgh − af 2 − bg 2 − ch 2 = 0
2
q q
⇒ 2( −2)(1) + 2   ( 2) ( 2) − 2  + 2( 2) 2 − 1( 2) 2 = 0
2 2
⇒ q − 8q = 0 ⇒ q = 0 or 8.
2

− 2h
12. (c) It is given that m 2 = λm1 ⇒ m1 + λm1 =
b
− 2h
⇒ m1 = .....(i)
b(1 + λ )
a a
and m1 .λm1 = ⇒ m1 = ..…(ii)
b bλ
a − 2h
Hence, by (i) and (ii), =
bλ b(1 + λ )
On squaring both sides, we get 4λh 2 = ab(1 + λ ) 2 .

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13. (a) The equation of given lines are

ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 0 .....(i)

a ' x 2 + 2h' xy + b' y 2 = 0 .....(ii)

Let common line to both is y = mx , then it will satisfy both the above equations.

Hence, a + 2mh + bm 2 = 0 .....(iii)

and a ' + 2mh ' + b' m 2 = 0 .....(iv)

Now eliminating 'm' from the equation (iii) and (iv),

m2 −m 1
we get = =
2ha '−2h' a ba '−b' a 2bh'−2b' h

ha '−h' a
⇒ m2 = .....(v)
bh'−b' h

( ab'−ba ' ) 2
and m 2 = .....(vi)
4(bh'−b' h ) 2

From (v) and (vi), we get the required condition.

14. (b) The equation of lines represented by the equation 3x 2 − 8 xy + 5 y 2 = 0 are 3x − 5 y = 0
and x − y = 0. Therefore, equation of lines passing through (1,2) and perpendicular to given
lines are x + y − 3 = 0 and 5 x + 3 y − 11 = 0 .
15. (d) Given two lines are x − 6 y = 0 and x − y = 0 . A(0,0)
0 + x1 + x 2
We know =1
3 x–6y=0 x–y=0
G(1,0)
⇒ x1 + x 2 = 3 .....(i)
and y1 + y 2 = 0 .....(ii) (x1,y1)B C(x2,y2)

Also x1 − 6 y1 = 0 .....(iii)
x 2 − y 2 = 0 .....(iv)
[Since the point (x1,y1) and ( x 2 , y 2 ) lies on the lines AB and AC respectively]
 18 3   − 3 − 3
Now on solving, the coordinates of B and C are  ,  and  ,  respectively.
 5 5  5 5 
Hence the equation of third side i.e., BC is 2 x − 7 y − 3 = 0 .

16. (b) According to the figure, A(0,0)

(a, –a/2)B C(a, a/2)

x=a

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0 0 1
1 a a2
Area = a − 1 = .
2 2 2
a
a 1
2

17. (c) We know that m1 − m 2 = ( m1 + m 2 ) 2 − 4m1 m 2

 2 tan θ   sec 2 θ − sin 2 θ 

2

=   − 4 
 sin θ  θ
2 2
 sin 

4 tan 2 θ
= − 4(sec 2 θ cosec 2θ − 1) = 2 .
sin 4 θ

18. (a) Let m1 ,m2 be the slopes

2b b
∴ m1 + m2 = − and m1m2 =
h a
Again m2 = 2m1
2b b
∴ 3m1 =− and 2m12 =
h a
2 2
9m1 4b a
∴ = 2 × ⇒ ab : h 2 = 9 : 8 .
2m12 h b
19. (b) Here the equation is ax 2 − bxy − y 2 = 0 and given that m1 = tan α and m 2 = tan β and
we know that
b
m1 + m 2 = = tan α + tan β
−1
a
and m1 m 2 = = tan α . tan β
−1
tan α + tan β −b −b
tan(α + β ) = = = .
1 − tan α tan β 1 − ( −a ) (1 + a )
 49 
2 − 12 
20. (a) Obviously θ 1 = tan −1 
4  = tan −1  1 
 3+ 4   
7
 
 
 25 
2 −6
and θ 2 = tan −1  4  = tan −1  1  . Hence, θ = θ .
 6 +1    1 2
7
 
 

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21. (a) Given lines are not perpendicular i.e., a ≠ −b

a h g
Checking for parallel lines, = =
h b f
9 12 21
(3x + 4 y + 6)(3x + 4 y + 1) = 0 ⇒ = =
12 16 28
Hence lines are parallel.
k2
+ tan 2 A
2
22. (a) Here tan 2 A =
4
1 − tan 2 A
k2
2 + tan 2 A
2 tan A 4
⇒ =
1 − tan 2 A 1 − tan 2 A

k2
⇒ + tan 2 A = tan 2 A ⇒ k = 0 .
4

23. (d) m1 = tan α and m 2 = tan β

1 1
⇒ cot α = and cot β =
m1 m2
1 1 m12 + m 22
Hence, cot α + cot β = 2 + 2 =
2 2

m1 m 2 ( m1 m 2 ) 2
( m1 + m 2 ) 2 − 2m1 m 2 (3) 2 − 2( 2) 5
= = = .
( m1 m 2 ) 2 ( 2) 2 4
24. (c) The equation of any curve through the points of intersection of the given curves is
2 x 2 + 3 y 2 + 10 x + λ (3x 2 + 5 y 2 + 16 x ) = 0 .....(i)
If this equation represents two straight lines through the origin, then this must be
homogeneous equation of second degree i.e., coefficient of x in (i) must vanish
− 10 − 5
∴ 10 + 16λ = 0 ⇒ λ = =
16 8
Substituting this value of λ in (i), we get the equation of pair of straight lines
x2 − y2 = 0 …..(ii)
Hence the lines represented by the equation (ii) are mutually perpendicular.
 2 h 2 − ab   
 = tan −1  4h − 4ab 
2
25. (c) θ = tan −1 
 a+b   a+b 
   
 3a 2 + 3b 2 + 10ab − 4ab 
= tan −1   = 60° .
 a + b 
 

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26. (a) Making equation of curve homogeneous w.r.t. line

3x 2 + 4 xy − 4 x ( 2 x + y ) + ( 2 x + y ) 2 = 0
⇒ 3x 2 + 4 xy − 8 x 2 − 4 xy + 4 x 2 + y 2 + 4 xy = 0
⇒ x 2 − 4 xy − y 2 = 0
2 h 2 − ab 2 4 +1
Angle between these two lines is tan θ = = = ∞ i.e., lines are
a+b 0
perpendicular.
 25 
2 −6
27. (a) Angle = tan −1 
4  = tan −1  1  and it is given by tan −1 m . Hence m = 1 .
 2+3  
 5 5
 
 
28. (a) Since 2 x = 2 y ( 2 x + y ) ⇒ x 2 − 2 xy − y 2 = 0 .
2

Hence, coefficient of x 2 + coefficient of y 2 = 1 − 1 = 0 .

Hence the lines are perpendicular.
29. (c) The given equation being homogeneous of third degree represents three straight lines
through the origin. Since two of these lines are to be at right angles.
Let pair of these lines be ( x 2 + pxy − y 2 ) , p is constant and other factor is ( ax − dy ) .
Hence, ax 3 + bx 2 y + cxy 2 + dy 3 = ( x 2 + pxy − y 2 )( ax − dy )
Comparing the coefficients of similar terms, we get
b = ap − d ..... (i); c = − pd − a .....(ii)
Multiplying (i) by d and (ii) by a and adding, we get
bd + ac = −d 2 − a 2 ⇒ a 2 + ac + bd + d 2 = 0 .
30. (b) It is obvious.
31. (c) Here one equation of bisector is x − 2 y = 0. We know that both bisectors are
perpendicular, therefore second bisector will be 2 x + y = 0 because it passes through origin.
Hence the combined equations of bisectors is given by
( 2 x + y )( x − 2 y ) = 0 ⇒ −2 x 2 + 3xy + 2 y 2 = 0.
Now comparing it by hx 2 + 3xy − hy 2 = 0 , we get h = –2.
x2 − y2 xy
32. (a) = ⇒ 8 x 2 + 11xy − 8 y 2 = 0 .
11 −8
33. (c) Here equation of one bisector of angle is y − mx = 0, therefore equation of second is
x + my = 0 .
Hence combined equation is ( x + my )( y − mx ) = 0
⇒ −mx 2 − xy ( m 2 − 1) + my 2 = 0 .….(i)
Also equations of bisectors of ax − 2hxy + by 2 = 0 is
2

− hx 2 − ( a − b) xy + hy 2 = 0 .....(ii)
Hence (i) and (ii) are the same equations, therefore

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m m2 −1
= ⇒ h( m 2 − 1) = m( a − b)
h ( a − b)
⇒ m( a − b) + h(1 − m 2 ) = 0 .
34. (d) Bisectors of ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 0 are
x 2 − y 2 xy
= .....(i)
a−b h
and of ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 + λ ( x 2 + y 2 ) = 0
i.e., ( a + λ ) x 2 + 2hxy + (b + λ ) y 2 = 0 are
x2 − y2 xy
= .....(ii)
( a + λ ) − (b + λ ) h
Which is the same equation as equation (i). Hence for any λ belonging to real numbers,
the lines will have same bisectors.
35. (c) Equation of bisectors of angle between the lines represented by px 2 − 2 rxy + qy 2 = 0 is
x2 − y2 xy
= .....(i)
p−q −r
On putting = mx in (i), we get
y
1 − m2 m
= ⇒ r (1 − m 2 ) + m( p − q) = 0 .
p−q −r
36. (d) Let one line be x + y = 0 ⇒ m1 = −1
2h
and we know that m1 + m 2 = − .....(i)
b
a
and m1 m 2 = .....(ii)
b
a
Therefore from (ii), m 2 = −
b
a − 2h
⇒ −1 − = ⇒ ( a + b) 2 = 4h 2 .
b b
37. (d) Here both the equations are perpendicular to each other. So, under the given condition it
is clear that angle is 90° .
38. (d) We have a ( x − 1) 2 + 2h ( x − 1) y + by 2 = 0
or a ( x − 1) 2 + 2h ( x − 1)( y − 0) + b( y − 0) 2 = 0
This equation represents a pair of straight lines intersecting at (1, 0). Therefore shifting the
origin at (1, 0), we have x = X + 1, y = Y + 0 and the equation reduces to
aX 2 + 2hXY + bY 2 = 0 .....(i)
One of the bisectors of the angles between the lines given by (i) is 2 x + y − 2 = 0 or
2( X + 1) + Y − 2 = 0 i.e. 2 X + Y = 0 . Since the bisector are always at right angle,
therefore the other bisector is X − 2Y = 0
i.e., x − 1 − 2 y = 0 or x − 2 y − 1 = 0 .

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39. (c) If the equation is general equation

ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0
hf − bg hg − af 
Then points of intersection are given by  , 2 
 ab − h ab − h 
2

Hence point is (−2, 0) .

40. (c) Putting X = x + 2, Y = y − 2
Equation becomes 2 X 2 + 3 XY − 2Y 2 = 0
Which cuts at X = 0, Y = 0
So, x + 2 = 0, y − 2 = 0
Point of intersection (−2,2) .
Trick: Only (–2,2) is satisfying the given equation.
41. (b) The family of lines passing through point of intersection of the given curves will be
ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 + 2 gx + λ ( a ' x 2 + 2h' xy + b' y 2 + 2 g ' x ) = 0
⇒ ( a + a ' λ ) x 2 + ( 2h + 2h' λ ) xy + (b + b' λ ) y 2 + ( 2 g + 2 g ' λ ) x = 0
Now the condition for perpendicularity is ∆ = 0 and a + b = 0 .
a+b
⇒ a + a ' λ + b + b' λ = 0 ⇒ λ = −
a ' + b'
and ∆ = abc + 2 fgh − af − bg − ch 2 = 0
2 2

⇒ 0 + 0 − 0 − (b + b' λ )( 2 g + 2 g ' λ ) 2 − 0 = 0
⇒ 4(b + b' λ )( g + g ' λ ) 2 = 0
Now on putting the value of λ, we get
g ( a ' + b' ) = g ' ( a + b ) .
42. (a) First check for parallel lines
a h g 1 3 − 3/ 2
i.e., = = ⇒ = =
h b f 3 3 −3 3/2
which is true, hence line are parallel. Applying formula for distance between two parallel
9
+4
g 2 − ac 4 5
straight lines, the required distance is 2 =2 = .
a ( a + b) 4 2
fx − gy
43. (d) Making the equation of curve homogeneous with the help of equation of line =1
λ
and to be perpendicular to both the lines represented by this homogeneous equation
a + b = 0 ⇒ λ + gf − λ − gf = 0 ⇒ 0 = 0
Hence, λ may have any value.

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44. (b) Clearly from figure xy = 0 represents the pair of straight lines.
Y
2 2
(x +y –ax–ay=0)
(0,a)
(a/2,a/2)

O (a,0) X

2 2 2
(x +y –a =0)
i.e., combined equation of both axes.
45. (a) Equation can be found by homogenising the curve w.r.t. line.
 y− x
2

i.e., x + y = 4
2 2
 or x + y = ( y − x ) .
2 2 2

 2 
46. (c) We get the desired lines by homogenising the equation of curve w.r.t. line.
5 x 2 + 12 xy − 8 y 2 + 8 x − 4 y + 12 = 0
x− y x− y
2

or 5 x 2 + 12 xy − 8 y 2 + (8 x − 4 y )  + 12   =0
 2   2 
⇒ 5 x 2 + 12 xy − 8 y 2 + 4 x 2 − 4 xy − 2 xy + 2 y 2 + 3x 2 + 3 y 2 − 6 xy = 0
⇒ 12 x 2 − 3 y 2 = 0 or 4 x 2 − y 2 = 0
or ( 2 x − y )( 2 x + y ) = 0 ; ∴ m1 = 2, m 2 = −2 .
47. (a) If the equation of line is y = mx and the length of perpendicular drawn on it from the
y − mx1 y
point ( x1 , y1 ) is d, then 1 = ± d ⇒ ( y1 − mx1 ) 2 = d 2 (1 + m 2 ). But m = ,
1+ m 2 x
therefore on eliminating 'm' , the required equation is ( xy1 − yx1 ) 2 = d 2 ( x 2 + y 2 ) .

( k 2 / 4) − 0 k
48. (c) Applying the formula, the distance between them is 2 = ,
1.(1 + 4) 5
k
∴ = 3 ⇒ k = ±3 5 .
5
49. (c) Homogenising the curve, we get
2
 y − 2 2x 
x + y − 2
2 2
 =0
 …..(i)
 c 
But lines represented by (i) are perpendicular. Hence coefficient of x 2 + coefficient of
y2 = 0
16 2 18
⇒ 1 − 2 + 1 − 2 = 0 ⇒ 2 = 2 ⇒ c2 − 9 = 0 .
c c c
50. (d) Distance between parallel lines given by
ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0 is
g 2 − ac ( 4a ) 2 + 9a 2 25a 2
2 =2 =2 = 5 2a .
a(a + b) 1(1 + 1) 2

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