4.

0 Introduction of the chapter

The findings from the research conducted on the data obtained from the case study samples
are presented in this chapter. The interview serves as the primary source of data, with
additional support coming from research conducted in digital library. The results will be
discussed considering the research goals that were outlined in the study. The approach that
was taken to analyse the data is previously covered in the chapter devoted to the
methodology.

4.1.1 Method used: Discourse Analysis

The pioneering usage of the phrase "discourse analysis" dates back to a 1952 essay by
sentence linguist ZelligHarris. A way to extend descriptive linguistics beyond the confines of
a single phrase, as he sees it, discourse analysis is what he calls "a method for the study of
related speech or writing" (Harris 1952). When we talk about "language in use," we're
referring to the conventions, heuristics, and assumptions that put a particular twist on how
words are used in different situations. As an alternative definition, discourse analysis may be
thought of as the study of language structure at the paragraph and essay levels. Words like
"text" and "discourse" are often used interchangeably. Discourse analysis' focus extends
beyond the study of language's formal features to include how language is employed in
different social and cultural settings. Therefore, Discourse Analysis is the study of the
interaction between language (in all its forms, including writing, speech, and formal
discourse) and its social and cultural surroundings. For this to matter, the text must be seen
as making sense. Some of these persons identify primarily as linguists, while others identify
primarily with subjects as diverse as anthropology, communication, cultural studies,
psychology, education, and so on, as noted by arbara Johnstone (2002: 1). This
demonstrates how, although sharing the efficient framework "discourse analysis,"
researchers in different subjects and disciplines employ a wide variety of methodologies and
approaches that are often specific to and applicable to our respective areas of study.

4.1.2 Discourse analysis

One of the most useful methods of collecting information from study subjects is the interview.
Many types of research, including surveys, exploratory studies, and descriptive studies,
make use of interviews. In some interviews, the subject is given unlimited freedom to discuss
whatever topic they choose which is, the interview is highly organised, with the subject's
replies confined to questions posed directly to them (Osisanwo & Kamalu, 2015). The
effectiveness of an interview as a data collection tool relies on the interview's design and the
interviewer's expertise. A badly planned interview, for instance, can include leading
questions or inquiries that the subject cannot comprehend. A bad interviewer may
unintentionally or intentionally steer the subject's answers. In any case, the results of the
study will be skewed.

4.1.3 Respondent sample

Methodological research conducted in this field aims to give direction about saturation and
produce a practical application of procedures that "operationalize" and evidence saturation.
When Hagaman and Wutich broadened the scope of their investigation to include multi-site
and cross-cultural research, they discovered that sample sizes ranging from 20 to 40
interviews were necessary to achieve data saturation of meta-themes that were common to
all study locations. After conducting 17 interviews for a theory-driven content analysis,
Francis et al. hit the point of data saturation for all their pre-determined theoretical constructs
during the 17th interview. Therefore, this research has gathered 30 respondents that
comprises students in UiTM Seremban 3 to ensure the interviews conducted were validated.

4.1.4 Semi Structured Interview

Research in the social sciences frequently makes use of the technique known as the semi-
structured interview. Interviewing is said to as a method of inquiry that is utilised across the
board in the social sciences by Hyman et al. (1954). An exploratory interview is what
Magaldi and Berler (2020) mean when they say that a semi-structured interview is. In a
semi-structured interview, the interviewer would often have a framework of topics that they
want to investigate with the subject. According to Rubin and Rubin (2005, page 171),
effective interviews often include a healthy mix of primary questions, follow-up questions,
and investigative questions. On the other hand, topics that an interviewer want to investigate
during the interview should be carefully prepared in advance. An interview guide is a type of
unofficial grouping of topics and questions that an interviewer would ask different ways to
different participants. Many researchers believe that it is generally beneficial for interviewers
to have a prepared interview guide, which is a type of informal grouping of topics and
questions (Lindlof & Taylor, 2002). The semi-structured interview is characterised by several
distinctive qualities, even though many styles and traditions may be utilised. According to
Mason (2002), each one of these interviews should have the following critical characteristics.
To begin, the interview is a form of conversation that takes place in one's head. This
indicates that qualitative interviews must include either one-on-one conversations, interviews
with large groups of people, or discussions in focus groups. It is also possible for it to take
place in person, over the phone, or over Internet platforms such as WhatsApp, Instagram,
Twitter, or Facebook, amongst other possibilities. Second, the semi-structured interview is
conducted in a manner that is to a large extent casual. As an alternative to the
predetermined, formal questions, the interviewer and the person or people being interviewed
can, for instance, have a chat face-to-face instead. Conversations like this are referred to be
"conversations with a purpose" (Burges, 1984). Thus, this research has been conducted by
applying semi-structured interview and the way interviews conducted are through social
media platform such as Microsoft Teams and face to face session.
4. The challenges youth people face in facing new policy
4.1 Influence of social media has a significant impact on choosing a political party.

During the interview conducted, most of the respondents agree that one of the challenges
faced by the youth is the influence of social media gave them difficulty in choosing a political
party. For examples, as quoted by:

Izzatie Qistina: The obstacle faced by young people in relation to Undi18 is that they
are easily influenced by factors such as social media platforms as a platform to make
decisions, vote and choose based on what they see, not what they research. The
danger of social media challenges because certain parties use racial sentiments,
religion and so on.

Sofia Hanna: Just like what I mentioned earlier, right? It's all about social media, so
person who aged around 18 years old thought to be inseparable from social media.
We all know that they depend too much on social media in making election
decisions. Social media is again, not full hundred percent guaranteed its validity,
especially from Twitter and from TikTok because Twitter and TikTok has many
disadvantages whereby most of them touches a lot on racial sentiments and religion.

The foundation of study in this sector has seen significant development ever since
the public gained access to the internet. There has been a dramatic increase in the amount
of discussion regarding the influence that the Internet has on politics (Chadwick & Howard,
2009), and as Castells & Sey (2004) pointed out, this influence is no longer seen as
predetermined, but rather as something that has been established through observation.
Today, we can depend on more empirical information on the effect of the usage of the
Internet in politics (Hardy & Sheufele, 2005; Howard, 2003), which provides the discussion
with more substance. Several studies were conducted to investigate the link between the
Internet and politics from a wide variety of analytical viewpoints. Scholars emphasised that
the Internet may enhance civic involvement by developing linkages between affinity groups
(Diani, 2001; Van Aelst & Walgrave, 2002). These ties would enable the affinity groups to
educate individuals on specific political problems (Bimber,2001). The Internet provides a
wide range of instruments that may be used to influence politics in today's world. The result
of this development is then diverse impacts, for which researchers promptly present fresh
assessments. The proliferation of social media platforms has further revolutionised the
potential of digital platforms to link individuals, making possible their ongoing contact and
collaboration while also amplifying their voices to a more widespread audience (Andrea
Calderaro,2018).
 From our observation, the way in which individuals in Malaysia pick which political
party to support has been significantly influenced by the usage of social media. During the
most recent general election in Malaysia, known as GE15 (15th General Election), political
parties made use of social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram in
order to reach a greater audience and to target certain demographics. Because of this, they
were able to rapidly and effectively communicate their message and the promises made
throughout the campaign to a vast number of individuals. Additionally, the usage of social
media made it possible for a more participatory and personal approach to be taken. Political
parties were able to communicate with people directly through live streaming, comments,
and messages thanks to the accessibility of social media. This personal touch assisted
political parties in establishing confidence and credibility with voters, which may have
affected the decisions that voters ultimately made. Additionally, social media platforms have
been utilised as a tool for voter mobilisation, which is the process of urging individuals to
register to vote and cast their ballots.

During the 15th General Election (GE15), political parties in Malaysia were able to
use social media to their advantage in a number of ways, one of which was through
employing targeted advertising. For instance, the country's ruling coalition, known as the
Barisan Nasional (BN), utilised the advertising platform provided by Facebook in order to
focus on particular demographics, such as rural Malays and urban Chinese. They presented
their message and campaign pledges to these groups in a manner that was most likely to
resonate with them by using a combination of videos, graphics, and text in a presentation
that was tailored specifically for them. This made it possible for the BN to reach a larger
audience and to target certain demographics more successfully than they would have been
able to do through more conventional modes of advertising, such as print or television.

Pakatan Harapan (PH), the opposition party, on the other hand, made use of social
media platforms in order to communicate with younger people, who are more likely to be
engaged on social media. Their campaign was quite successful in reaching out to the
younger generation of Malaysians because to the mix of live streaming, social media
influencers, and memes that they employed to engage with the youth. It is important to keep
in mind that utilising social media in political campaigns is not without its inherent difficulties
and the possibility of negative outcomes. Concerns have been raised in Malaysia and
elsewhere in the globe over the proliferation of false information and fake news, particularly
on social media platforms like WhatsApp and Facebook. As a result, there has been a
growing need for increased regulation and transparency in the political advertising that takes
place on social media sites. However, we could not deny that certain parties tend to use
social media to spreads opposition negativity to persuade youngers voter to vote for them.
Most of them tend to use issues such as racism, Malay rights and other sensitive issue to
manipulate their decision. For example, a 28-second long campaign video went viral, Pas
Kawasan Sik Youth Leader, Mohd Shahiful Mhd Nasir, who claimed that those who voted for
Barisan Nasional (BN) or Pakatan Harapan (PH) in GE-15 will go to hell. It can be argued
that the ways taken by these certain parties are completely wrong, instead they need to
focus on matters that reflect the credibility of the political party and the candidates such as
failed project from the last ruling government and personal issues in handling big portfolio
such as corruption and abuse power.

In general, the usage of social media has played a key part in creating the political
landscape in Malaysia and has affected the decisions that voters made in the most recent
general election (15th General Election). It is possible that the outcome of the election was
influenced by the fact that political parties were able to target specific demographics more
effectively and reach a wider audience than they would have been able to with traditional
forms of advertising. This could have led to a different candidate being elected. However, it
is also important to be aware of the potential risks that are associated with the use of social
media in political campaigns, such as the spread of misinformation and fake news, and to
work toward finding solutions to mitigate these risks. It is also important to be aware of the
potential risks that are associated with the use of social media in political campaigns.
4.2 Political illiteracy

Two of our respondents, agreed that of one the challenge youth people face in facing
new policy is most of the youth did not aware in regards with political literacy and the
process to cast their vote. For examples, as quoted by:

Qayyum Abdullah: For me, the obstacle is that young people tend to choose their
respective parties based on their sentiments and idealism, which can influence their
votes. For example, we can see the influence of our peers motivate them to vote on
certain parties and it can be said that young voters are considered immature about
the country's political issues because they lack knowledge in regards with political
matters.

Muazzam Shah: So, the challenge is they does not get enough exposure in political
matters. So, they are illiterate in the election and in political knowledge. But we
cannot judge either in terms of thinking, there are also some of those who are able to
think in a relevant and rational way.

In Malaysia, people are required to vote for our government once every five years as
part of our country's practise of the democratic system. According to Weber (1947), the term
"bureaucracy" refers to any organisation of modern society that possesses several essential
features such as unity of command, clear line of hierarchy, division of labour and
specialisation, record keeping, merit system for hiring and promotion, and lastly, laws and
regulations to govern relationship and organisational performance. According to Junaidi
(1993), students are the intellectual group that has been categorised as having high political
consciousness. This is because they are visionary, vigilant, and sensitive to the needs of
society. Students will not only be able to obtain the awareness that has been assigned in
their course plan at the university or educational institution, but they will also be required to
equip themselves with a wide range of information that may become useful to them in the
future. This will ensure that they are prepared for whatever the future may hold for them. The
understanding of politics is one example of this type of knowledge. Moreover, a ccording to
Delli Carpini and Keeter (1996), the term "political awareness" describes the level of
knowledge that voters possess regarding politics. In a broad sense, political awareness
refers to having access to political information, taking part in political activities, being
exposed to various forms of media, having an interest in politics, and receiving an education.
In addition, political awareness may be described as the degree to which a person is
attentive to politics and able to comprehend information regarding political affairs, as stated
by Zaller (1999).  According to the interpretation of this statement, a person's level of political
knowledge may be inferred from the amount to which they are politically conscious. The
word "political knowledge" refers to a broad variety of information about politics that is either
retained in long-term memory or acquired via political discourse with other people. Students
at the university or other educational institution should be made aware of the significance of
politics to them, and they should be provided with the chance to study the topic as well as
participate in political activities. A citizen or member of the general public in a democratic
nation should have a high level of political knowledge. This is due to the fact that they have a
responsibility to be aware of and comprehend how to respond to any political concerns that
arise in their nation. However, the issue of insufficient civil awareness among members of
the general public, notably young people, can be the reason why invalid votes are cast in
general elections.

It is possible that younger voters will not have enough required understanding and
awareness of political matters and the voting process in order to make informed decisions if
the voting age is lowered to 18. This can be a significant obstacle in the implementation of
the lower voting age, which has been proposed to be lowered to 18. This might result in
voters making decisions at the polls without adequate information, which would be
detrimental to the democratic process.

As a result of their lack of familiarity with the political parties and the positions they
take, many young voters found it challenging to make decisions based on accurate
information when they went to the polls in the context of the 15th General Election. For
instance, during the General Election of 2015 (GE15), it was discovered that some young
people based their voting decisions on popular feelings and influencers, rather than on the
programmes and manifestos of the parties. This demonstrates how political illiteracy can
lead to voting decisions that are not informed, which in turn has the potential to damage
democratic processes. In addition, a significant number of eligible young voters lacked prior
experience with the voting procedure. They were unaware of how to become registered
voters, where to go to vote, or the procedures involved in casting their ballots. This lack of
understanding about the voting process might have contributed to uncertainty,
discouragement, and eventually, a reduced voter participation among young people.  As
consequences of political illiteracy, from the research conducted by Mohd Ramlan Mohd
Arshad: Refusal of Youth to Vote in Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia, the pattern of voting
declining from 80% to 60% in 2018. The researcher claimed that one of the reasons is
because the youth did not aware the importance of casting a vote.
5.0 The activities should be taken to help the youth prepare for implementing UNDI18

5.1 NGOs and influencers should create more programs and events to help both youth and
Malaysian citizens regarding the importance of voting.

During the interview, one of the respondents agreed that Non-Governmental

Organization plays a vital role in educating the youth in regards with politics and another
respondent also agreed that influences carry the same duty as NGOs. As quoted by:

Ain Syakirah: Okay, Of course, in my opinion, the NGOs needs to give awareness
and exposure to these people. It doesn't matter through what platform, whether it's
social media or making programs to give exposure about politics and the media also
play a very big role in this era because these teenagers spend a lot of time with
gadgets exploring the social media.

Farah Hani Afiqa: Among the progressive and proactive measures taken for
example, Fahmi Reza who represents the social media influencer which he has
created a democracy class on TikTok and in several IPTAs in Peninsular Malaysia
following to give awareness and knowledge about how the voting process will take
place. For me this is a very proactive step because not everyone has the same level
of thinking. Maybe there are people who know the right way to vote, but there are
also people who don't know what to do with voting.

According to Vakil (1997), non-governmental organisations, often known as NGOs,

are private, non-profit, and self-governed organisations that are driven by goals to enhance
the quality of life in some aspect of society of life for the people that are marginalised. The
most well-known activities that non-governmental organisations (NGOs) carry out include
lobbying and public awareness campaigns, as well as the provision of social services. At the
same time, they are involved in a diverse array of specialised activities, such as becoming
campaigners for human rights and the environment. Many nongovernmental organisations
(NGOs), particularly those based in underdeveloped countries, have only made modest
contributions to environmental governance (Tortajada, 2016). As a result of a political
system that is less democratic, nongovernmental organisations (NGOs) are deteriorating
and their participation in governance activities is being limited (Buyse, 2018). According to
Nasiritousi et al. (2016) and Pacheco-Vega (2010), non-governmental organisations (NGOs)
have the potential to affect both international and national environmental policy. As a result,
given that they reflect the voices of the critical masses, they are entitled to a substantial
amount of space inside the process of governance. Campaigns and demonstrations are
likely to be used as a form of protest if people are denied the ability to take part in political
and administrative processes. The purpose of the demonstrations is to get the government's
attention (Boulding, 2010). Because of this, the image of the administration has been
damaged in many different ways as a direct result of the demonstrations.

Moreover, according to Abu Elsnar, Mohammed, Parvis, and Mahmood Khan (2016),
the activities that comprise social media include the following which are monitoring the news,
participating online in public debate and forum, communicating with friends, and playing
games. The subject matter of the conversation or the contact is a direct effect of the
interactive social environment. Teenagers in Malaysia spend an average of 19 hours each
week online (Bates, 2010). Those between the ages of 20 and 24 make up the largest
demographic of internet users, with 57% of this age group having a regular online presence
and spending an average of 22.3 hours per week in cyberspace (Factbrwoser, n.d). A
growing number of academics have pointed to the correlation between the proliferation of
social media in Malaysia and subsequent political shifts in the country (Fiske, 1996), as well
as between young engagement in politics and the use of social media (Prensky, 2001;
Jenkins, 2006; Vadrevu & Lim, 2012). Among the eight primary categories of social media's
effects on children and young people that Swist, Collin, McCormark et al. (2015) explored
was the influence of social media on young people's engagement in civic and political life.
There appears to be a stronger connection between young people, politics, and the rise of
social media.

Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) are crucial to raising political awareness

because they provide regular people with the knowledge and tools they need to discuss and
act on political problems. They keep an eye on the government and make sure politicians
are held accountable. They may also promote certain policies or offer programmes to raise
people's level of political knowledge. In the run-up to GE15, certain NGOs in Malaysia have
been holding events, offering training, publishing research and analysis, and spreading the
word via social media to raise political awareness and education.

As they have the power to reach a broad audience and change public opinion, social
media influencers can play a part in fostering a more politically literate populace. They have
a unique opportunity to utilise their influence to engage their audience in political discourse
by providing them with access to relevant information and resources. Many young people
were inspired to vote by the activism of social media celebrities who used their channels to
spread their political messages throughout the GE15 campaign. For example, the most
popular social media influencer, who is Fahmi Reza utilized social media to create political
awareness by using Tiktok to ensure our youth is fully ready to face the new policy
implemented in terms of political literacy and democratic processes.When it comes to getting
people interested in politics and involved in the political process, non-governmental
organisations (NGOs) and social media influencers (SMVs) play equally essential roles in
facilitating these goals.
5.2 Ministry could improve or modify the current school syllabus to educate students about
the basic political system.

Some of the respondents argues that one of the activities can be carried to help the
youth prepare for implementing UNDI18 is by improving and modifying the current syllabus
to educate students about the fundamental of politics in the education system. As quoted by:

Izzatie Qistina: Activities that can be done by government which is the Ministry of
Education to create subjects related to democracy.

Sofia Hanna: The government can make the subject of democracy because this
subject of democracy is very essential because people who are eighteen years old it
allow them to prepare themselves with matters related to politics.

Ain Syakirah: The Ministry of Education can also take the initiative to change the
syllabus related to politics in Malaysia so that they are given early exposure from
school.

Students can have a better understanding of the political and social issues that
impact their lives, as well as the ways in which they can engage in the formation of their
community and nation, if politics are taught within the context of the educational system.
Additionally, it can assist students in the development of skills necessary for critical thinking,
such as the ability to analyse and evaluate political ideas, policies, and actions. In addition to
this, it assists students in cultivating a feeling of civic duty and involvement, both of which
are essential to the successful operation of a democratic society.In the context of the GE15
election that will take place in Malaysia, teaching children about politics may assist them in
gaining an understanding of the many political parties, candidates, and problems that will be
on the ballot, as well as the policies and concerns that are vital to the nation. This may
include the state of the economy, schools, hospitals, and other social services. A student
may, for instance, study about the many economic policies that have been suggested by
various political parties, such as the party that is now in power as well as the one that is in
opposition. They would then be able to have a better understanding of the possible effects
that these policies may have on the nation and make educated selections regarding which
political party best represents their values. Restructuring the curriculum taught in
government schools according to the recommendations of political scientists working in the
education sector is something that political scientists working in the education sector
recommend.

A lecturer at the International Islamic University Malaysia named Rabi'ah Aminudin

said that civic education in Malaysia must be broadened to encompass the ideals and
responsibilities of a Malaysian citizen. She stated that this would be crucial in assisting the
younger generation in comprehending the importance of exercising their right to vote in
elections. Political literacy does not receive as much emphasis, especially in our curriculum.
It is necessary to interact with them in a planned way so that they may take part in an
enlightening conversation about the responsibilities and rights that they have as members of
society. (MalaysiaNow, 2021)

In a similar vein, students could also get knowledge on the many candidates that are
running for office, including their credentials, experiences, and previous activities. They
might be able to make an educated choice on who they want to lead them as their future
prime minister if they have this information. In general, incorporating politics in the school
curriculum honours the students by giving them with the knowledge, skills, and attitude
necessary to participate in the political process and to make decisions based on accurate
information. In addition to this, it contributes to the development of an informed and engaged
populace, both of which are essential to the successful operation of democratic societies.

The establishment of political clubs at UiTM campuses across Malaysia is a

worthwhile endeavour, as it will assist educate and motivate students to take an active role
in politics. Students may gain insight into how politics impacts their lives and how they can
shape their communities and countries by engaging in political discourse and learning about
current political concerns. In addition, it gives students a platform from which to voice their
opinions and impart their expertise. Students are given the chance to engage in political
discourse, gain insight into pressing political topics, and hone their capacity for analytical
thought. Moreover, they give students a place to voice their views and discuss political
issues openly and constructively with their peers. This can be seen particularly in UiTM
Seremban 3 which there are many clubs that aim to promote political literacy among the
students, for example, Voters Educational Society (VES) and Student Representative
Council (MPP) which aims to represent the views and interests of the students to the school
administration, teachers, and other decision-making bodies.

In conclusion, students need opportunities to learn about politics, express

themselves and share what they have learned and grow in their feeling of civic duty and
participation by participating in activities that aim to build clubs that encourage political
literacy.
5.0 Conclusion and discussion

This chapter is focusing on the summary of findings, research recommendations,

research limitations and recommendation for the future study in making the improvement for
the research. Also, conclusion of this research paper is included in the end of this chapter
which is to conclude the overall points and statements regarding the topic of the research
which is Undi18: The impact on our political landscape in Malaysia. A case study in
Seremban.

5.1 The Results and Objectives

As stated in Chapter 1, the objective of this study is to identify the factors affecting
lowering the voting age to 18 years old. From the result of descriptive analysis. It shows that
it shows that the independent variable of the demand from the youth leads to the reason on
why government reduced the voting age to 18 years old. The independent variable
mentioned also has been supported during the interviews conducted which there are
respondents who agreed that government need to lower the voting age to aligned with the
most other rights and aligned with other legal age to votes.

The second objective of the study is to identify the effect of the policy from the latest
state election. It shows that the independent variable of the awareness of the youth, the
participation of the youth and the support from the youth contributes to the second objective.
There will be a total of 10.6 million voters across the nation who are between the ages of 18
and 39 during this General Election (GE15), according to figures that were issued by the
Election Commission (SPR). There are 1,393,549 million voters in the world who are
between the ages of 18 and 20. If more young people become politically engaged, it would
be because they were more informed about the issues. This is due to the fact that young
people are more inclined to participate in the democratic process and to believe that their
vote will have an impact if they are educated about our political landscape and the politicians
running for office. Voter turnout among young people in Malaysia's General Election 15th
was much higher than in previous elections. This was ascribed to an increase in youth
mobilisation and voter education initiatives by civil society groups, as well as a heightened
knowledge of political problems among young people. This resulted in more young people
exercising their right to vote and strengthening our nation's democracy.

The third objective of the study is to identify the preparations and challenges of
Malaysian youth for facing the new policy. In our political landscape context, respondents
tend to point out the preparation of the youth in facing the new policy are make research and
readings towards information on the election system and Malaysia system of government,
concerned about Malaysia's political system must be developed and sharing the right
sources of information. There is a link between youngster interest in learning about the
election process and Malaysia's system of government and their level of preparedness for
dealing with new policies. Young people are more inclined to be involved and active in the
democratic process if they are well-informed about the system and its workings, according to
most respondents. This link emphasises the value of giving young people trustworthy
knowledge about the political system. It also implies that young people are more likely to be
involved and contribute to the democratic process when they are concerned about the
evolution of Malaysia's political system and have access to the appropriate sources of
information. The development of a more educated and involved voter is essential to the
health of any democracy, and in this light, it is of the utmost importance that young people
have access to trustworthy information about the political system.

For the mediator and feedback, the political climate in Malaysia, and especially
among young people, has been profoundly influenced by social media. Young people today
are more informed and more politically active than ever before because to the widespread
availability of resources and the simplicity with which they can interact with others who share
their ideas. The widespread availability of news and information is one of the primary ways in
which social media has impacted young people's political literacy. This argument also
agreed by most of the respondent whereby social media plays a vital role in acknowledging
the youth in regards with political matters. Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, among others,
have facilitated people's access to and dissemination of information on current events and
political problems. The result has been a younger generation that is more equipped to
engage in political discourse and make reasoned judgements. Young people's involvement
in politics has increased in part because of the rise of social media. Young people's
participation in political action and advocacy has been facilitated by the ease with which they
may interact with like-minded persons and build online networks. Furthermore, this has
expanded young membership in established political groups and led to the formation of new
youth-driven political initiatives. Social media has had a major influence on Malaysia's
political climate by educating and engaging the country's young. Youngster as a result is
more equipped to take part in political life and determine the destiny of their country.
5.2 Implication and recommendation

The results of the analyses in this study are concluded, and the discussion on the results
of impact of UNDI18 on our political landscape has been presented. In addition, the
explanation will be on the implications of the study conducted on all parties involved. With
this explanation, the involved parties can act and make an effort to ensure to be fully
prepared for the implementation of UNDI18. The government agencies and media should
also evaluate the recommendations made.

As mentioned in paragraph 2.3, in ensuring there is positive impact of the new policy of
UNDI18 towards our political landscape, it is important in ensuring our government, media
and other agencies to handle the independent variables. It means that, such bodies need to
ensure that the awareness of the youth, the demand of the youth, the support of the youth
and the participation of the youth are increase in ensuring positive impact towards
Malaysia’s political landscape.

The recommendation that can be proposed which also derived from the interview is to
improving and modifying the current syllabus to educate students about the fundamental of
politics in the education system. The educational system is crucial in developing youngsters'
knowledge of politics and their interest in participating in the democratic process. It is crucial
that the course outline is periodically reviewed and revised to ensure that youngsters are
learning the most up-to-date and relevant material possible about politics. This covers
lessons on topics including current events, political systems, and the basics of democracy
and governance. Youth can be better prepared to be educated and engaged citizens if they
are exposed to several ideas and encouraged to think critically. For example, Ministry of
Education can propose to replace the subject of “Civic and Citizenship” to the fundamental of
politics and democracy. This effort can increase the political literacy of the youngster in
school and when they reach their legal age, they able to cast their vote wisely.

The next recommendation that can be proposed is NGOs and influencers should create
more programs and events to help both youth and Malaysian citizens regarding the
importance of voting. As mentioned in previous paragraph, the work of non-governmental
organisations (NGOs) is vital to the purpose of educating the public about politics because it
equips ordinary citizens to engage in meaningful discourse about and solutions to political
issues. They maintain vigilance on the administration and ensure that lawmakers face
consequences for their actions. Not only that, NGOs also can be consider one of the bodies
which can lobby the politician to pursue citizen interest. Hence, NGOs has the capability in
ensuring the youngster are fully acknowledge and aware in regards with political matters.
For example, lobbying the politician to replace the current syllabus to create a more dynamic
and intense subject for student to get engage in political world.

5.3 Research Limitation and Future Recommendation

Discussed below are the drawbacks and suggestions for future research that may be
utilised to strengthen the current study.

Getting people to take part in an interview or survey for a study can be challenging
for several different reasons. Reasonable scepticism of the researcher and the study itself
may be a contributing factor. They could worry that their identities will not be safeguarded or
that their involvement will not be secret. People may be hesitant to take part in research
because they do not think it has any bearing on their own life. It is possible that they will not
see the value in taking part or will not grasp the point of the study. Time restrictions may also
prevent people from taking part. As a result of their hectic schedules, some potential
respondents may not be reachable or available for an interview or survey. Financial
incentives may be a factor for certain people. If researcher do not offer individuals anything
in return for their time, like money or a gift card, they might not be inclined to help.

Researchers can employ a variety of participant recruitment strategies to address

these obstacles. They can employ targeted recruiting to find hard-to-reach demographics, as
well as social media and internet platforms to reach a larger audience. Trust with potential
volunteers may also be cultivated by open and honest communication regarding the study's
goals, methods, and intended use of the collected data. Finally, monetary, or nonmonetary
incentives can be effective in increasing involvement.