515.

Cell Biology 2085C – Short Answer practice exam

~
1) Draw the structures of three different functional groups. Below each group, mention how would each of these
groups alter (increase or decrease) the solubility of “ Molecule R” in water. If the solubility is increased,
explain your answer in detail by drawing the bonds that would be responsible for this change. Hint: you only
need to draw the functional group next to the “R molecule” (not the rest of the molecule) and show how it
interacts (bonds) with one molecule of water.

/ M11p - H

R – M3 Xo -H R–o h
1H
↑ sol" in water
↓ sol" water
in

0
11
R– u =
0
-
4(0 -
1

↑ s01" in
water

/
2) In order for lipid-based hormones such as testosterone or estrogen to be transported in the bloodstream, they
are bound to and transported by water-soluble proteins. In order to be water-soluble, the transporting protein
contains which one of the following amino acids on its surface in contact with aqueous blood? Explain your
answer
in order to be to soon

the must from polar

binds such /
X
covalent

as
hydrogen bonds. X.
4
↑
-

polar side chain III ( 1

-
↳ charged ↓ H

↳ uncharged in
Bond
. .

/
.

3) A solution of acetone cannot hydrogen bond with itself, however, water dissolves and hydrogen bonds to
acetone.
A. How can this phenomenon be explained? Make sure you include any additional molecules or bonds
required to fully support your conclusion.
4",
CH3
=
0 "H -
-
0F
4
(3
2

CH3XCUB
·"
V B. What type of intermolecular forces can be found in a solution of pure acetone? Explain your answer.

·o
11 11
- -
u

L vAW
Y
4). The amino acid histidine is often found in enzymes. Depending on the pH of its environment, sometimes
histidine is neutral and at other times it acquires a proton and becomes positively charged. Consider an
enzyme with a histidine side chain that is known to have an important role in the function of the enzyme. It is
not clear whether this histidine is required in its protonated or its unprotonated state. To answer this question,
you measure enzyme activity over a range of pH, with the results shown below. Which form of histidine is
necessary for the active enzyme? Fully explain your answer.

not
protonated -
gives
/
5) You are given the task of setting up an experiment to test a new potential compound that will inhibit HGM-
CoA reductase, an enzyme involved in the synthesis of LDL-cholesterol.

To do so, you run two experiments:

A. The control (substrate + enzyme)
B. The inhibited reaction (substrate + enzyme + HGM-CoA potential inhibitor).

experimental
cmhol
You obtain the following results:
4A. Compare graphically how both kinetic
Reaction A Reaction B
characteristics of both experiments vary, utilizing a
Substrate Reaction rate Reaction rate Michaelis-Menten plot
concentration (V) (V)
(S) (μmole) (μmole/min) (μmole/min)
1 0.7 0.4 4B. Indicate the values of Vmax and KM in your plot.
2 1.1 0.6 Make sure the x and y axis are properly labeled
3 1.3 0.7
5 1.4 0.8
6 1.4 0.8
7 1.4 0.8

dear,ene
 came"-"nidrasetin ↓ re
many
1.4
1.2
1.0
rxn
ratt
0.8

↓
0.6
0.4
0.2 non competive
and 0 inhibitor
umaxinhibited 0 1 2
I substrake]
3 4 5 6 7 8

⑥
-> kn ox
Ba umol
vmax -> kMrXn A

KM 1
=

qua