Infinitive - Too/Enough - The -ing form - @ Undetne the cect word ‘The participles are: 2) present participles (playing, running, etc), ») past participles (played, written, etc.) and ¢) perfect participles (having written, etc, © Present and past participles can be used as adjectives. ‘The present participle ing) describes what some- body or something is (it answers the question “What kind?’). The past participle (-ed) describ how somebody feels (it answers the question ‘How do you feel?’). eg. It's a very tiring job. (What kind of job? Tiring.) ‘e's very tired. (How does he fee? Tired.) Participles can also be used © to express tim 2. After doinginaving done her homework, she watched TV. Having done her homework, she watched TV. ‘Alter she had done her homework, she watched TV) ‘He broke his arm (while) playing hockey. ‘He broke his arm while he was playing hockey.) © to express reason. 2.9, Being late, Adam took a tax. Jecause he was late, Adam took a lax) Having spent all her money, Pam asked fora foan. Because she had spent all her money, Pam asked for loan) © instead of a relative pronoun and full verb. ‘2g, The man standing atthe door is my boss. The man who is standing atthe door is my boss) The information presented in the article was invaluable. (=The information which was presented in the anicle was invaluable) @ instead of the past simple in narratives when wwe describe actions happening immediately one after the other. @4g, Seeing the shadow, he screamed. He saw the shadow and he screamed.) to avoid repeating the past continuous in the ‘same sentence. 8. She was cimbing up a ladder camying a bucket she was climbing up a ladder and she was ‘carrying a bucket, A: 8: A: 8 A A 8: A: 8: A 8: a 8 & 8 Have you read that new book yet? Only some of t's very bored/boring. Did you enjoy your holiday? Oh, yes. It was very relaxedirelaxing. 'm going to a lecture tonight. Do you want to come? 'No thanks. I'm not interestediinteresting in the subject. Did you hurt yourself when you fell? No, but it was very embarrassediembarrassing Shall | turn off the lights? No. I'm frightenedifrightening of the dark Was Mother upset when you broke her vase? ‘Not really, but she was very annoyed/annoying. How do you fee! today? | stil feel very treditiring. | haven't seen Mr Green for several days. Neither have |. I's a bit worried/worrying. a Rewrite the sentences using participles. 1 10 " He was lying on the bed and he was reading a ‘book lis He was lying on the bed reading a book. isa took a deep breath and dived into the water. ‘Jack burnt his finger while he was lighting a fire. After Ann had ironed the clothes, she put them away. Because he was cold, James turned on the heater. ‘The photographs, which were taken at the recep- tion, were blurred Al the ison washed the paintbrushes before she painted 2 living room. ‘She was sitting on the sofa and she was knitting a sper. ‘The gir who is sitting next to Alison is Vicky. Because he had forgotten to do the shopping, he te out that night. Emma turned the key in the lock and opened the door.