1.

Carbon Footprint- A carbon footprint is the total green house gas emissions caused by an individual, event,
organization, service, place or product, expressed as carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e). Greenhouse gases, including the
carbon-containing gases carbon dioxide and methane, can be emitted through the burning of fossil fuels, land clearance
and the production and consumption of food, manufactured goods, materials, wood, roads, buildings, transportation and
other services.

In most cases, the total carbon footprint cannot be calculated exactly because of inadequate knowledge of data about the
complex interactions between contributing processes, including the influence of natural processes that store or release
carbon dioxide.

The most powerful indusstrial climate actions are : refrigerant management , land based wind turbines for electricity ,
reduced food waste , and restoring tropical forest by ending use of of the land for other purposes . They calculate benefits
cumulatively to 2050 rather than anually , because industrial actions have long lead times.

2. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)- EIA is the process of evaluating the likely environmental
impact of a proposed project or development , taking into account inter related socio economic , culture and human –
health impacts , both beneficial and adverse .

UNEP defines Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) as a tool used to identify the environmental , social and economic
impacts of a project prior to decision making .

It aims to predict environmental impacts at an early stage in project planning and design , find ways and means to reduce
adverse impacts , shape projects to suit the local environment and present the predictions and options to decision makers

EIA was introduced in india in 1978 , with respect to river valley projects and it comes under notification on EIA of
developmental projects 1994 under the provisions of environment protection act 1986.
3. EMBOIDED ENERGY -Embodied energy is the sum of all the energy required to produce any goods or services,
considered as if that energy was incorporated or 'embodied' in the product itself.
The concept can be useful in determining the effectiveness of energy-producing or energy saving devices, or the "real"
replacement cost of a building, and, because energy-inputs usually entail geenhouse gas emissions in deciding whether a
product contributes to or mitigates global warming .

Embodied energy is an accounting method which aims to find the sum total of the energy necessary for an entire product
lifecycle Determining what constitutes this lifecycle includes assessing the relevance and extent of energy into raw material
extraction, transport, manufacture , assembly, installation, disassembly, deconstruction and/or decomposition as well as
human and secondary resources.

The choice of materials and construction methods can significantly change the amount of energy emboided in a building ,
because emboided energy varies enormously between materials . Different materials also have different capacities to be
reused or recycled , which can help recover the emboided energy at the end of buildings life .

BY-
DHRUV BHATIA
1-A
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