Combining Conditions - Python Programming MOOC 2023

Combining conditions - Python Programming MOOC 2023 https://programming-23.mooc.
fi/part-2/3-combining-conditions
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Christopher Joshua Fifield Log out
Part 2
Combining conditions
Learning objectives
After this section
!"You will know how to use the operators and , or and not in conditions
!"You will be able to write nested conditionals
Logical operators
You can combine conditions with the logical operators and and or . The operator
and specifies that all the given conditions must be true at the same time. The
operator or specifies that at least one of the given conditions must be true.
For example, the condition number >= 5 and number <= 8 determines that
number must simultaneously be at least 5 and at most 8. That is, it must be between
5 and 8.
number = int(input("Please type in a number: "))

if number >= 5 and number <= 8:
print("The number is between 5 and 8")
Meanwhile, the condition number < 5 or number > 8 determines that number
must be either less than 5 or greater than 8. That is, it must not be within the range of
5 to 8.

if number < 5 or number > 8:
print("The number is not within the range of 5 to 8")
The following truth table contains the behaviour of these operators in different
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Combining conditions - Python Programming MOOC 2023 https://programming-23.mooc.fi/part-2/3-combining-conditions
situations:
a b a and b a or b
False False False False
True False False True
False True False True
True True True True
Sometimes it is necessary to know if something is not true. The operator not negates
a condition:
a not a
True False
False True
The above example with the range of 5 to 8 excluded could also be programmed like
this:

if not (number >= 5 and number <= 8):
print("The number is not within the range of 5 to 8")
Especially in programming, logical operators are often called Boolean operators.
Simplified combined conditions
The condition x >= a and x <= b is a very common way of checking whether
the number x falls within the range of a to b . An expression with this structure
works the same way in most programming languages.
Python also allows a simplified notation for combining conditions: a <= x <= b
achieves the same result as the longer version using and . This shorter notation
might be more familiar from mathematics, but it is not very widely used in Python
programming, possibly because very few other programming languages have a
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similar shorthand.
Combining and chaining conditions

The following program asks the user to type in four numbers. It then works out which
of the four is the greatest, with the help of some conditions:
n1 = int(input("Number 1: "))
if n1 > n2 and n1 > n3 and n1 > n4:

greatest = n1
elif n2 > n3 and n2 > n4:
greatest = n2
elif n3 > n4:
greatest = n3
else:
greatest = n4
print(f" {greatest} is the greatest of the numbers.")
Sample output
Number 1: 2
Number 2: 4
Number 3: 1
Number 4: 1
4 is the greatest of the numbers.
In the above example the first condition n1 > n2 and n1 > n3 and n1 > n4 is
true only if all three conditions within are true.
Programming exercise: Points:
Age check 0/1
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Please write a program which asks for the user's age. If the age is not
plausible, that is, it is under 5 or something that can't be an actual human age,
the program should print out a comment.
Have a look at the examples of expected behaviour below to figure out which
comment is applicable in each case.
Sample output
What is your age? 13

Ok, you're 13 years old
Sample output
What is your age? 2

I suspect you can't write quite yet...
Sample output
What is your age? -4

That must be a mistake
1 # Write your solution here
RUN TEST Reset
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Nephews 0/1
Please write a program which asks for the user's name. If the name is Huey,
Dewey or Louie, the program should recognise the user as one of Donald
Duck's nephews.
In a similar fashion, if the name is Morty or Ferdie, the program should

recognise the user as one of Mickey Mouse's nephews.
Some examples:
Sample output
Please type in your name: Morty

I think you might be one of Mickey Mouse's nephews.
Sample output
Please type in your name: Huey

I think you might be one of Donald Duck's nephews.
Sample output
Please type in your name: Ken

You're not a nephew of any character I know of.
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RUN TEST Reset
Grades and points 0/1
The table below outlines the grade boundaries on a certain university course.
Please write a program which asks for the amount of points received and then
prints out the grade attained according to the table.
points grade
<0 impossible!
0-49 fail
50-59 1
60-69 2
70-79 3
80-89 4
90-100 5
> 100 impossible!
Some examples:
Sample output
How many points [0-100]: 37

Grade: fail
Sample output
How many points [0-100]: 76
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Grade: 3
Sample output
How many points [0-100]: -3

Grade: impossible!
RUN TEST Reset
FizzBuzz 0/1
Please write a program which asks the user for an integer number. If the
number is divisible by three, the program should print out Fizz. If the number
is divisible by five, the program should print out Buzz. If the number is
divisible by both three and five, the program should print out FizzBuzz.
Some examples of expected behaviour:
Sample output
Number: 9
Fizz
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Sample output
Number: 7
Sample output
Number: 20
Buzz
Sample output
Number: 45
FizzBuzz
RUN TEST Reset
Nested conditionals
Conditional statements can also be nested within other conditional statements. For
example, the following program checks whether a number is above zero, and then
whether it is odd or even:
if number > 0:
if number % 2 == 0:
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print("The number is even")

else:
print("The number is odd")
else:
print("The number is negative or zero")
Some examples of how this program behaves:
Sample output
Please type in a number: 3

The number is odd
Please type in a number: 18

The number is even
Please type in a number: -4

The number is negative or zero
With nested conditional statements it is crucial to get the indentations right.

Indentations determine which branches are linked together. For example, an if
branch and an else branch with the same amount of whitespace are determined to
be branches of the same conditional statement.
The same result can often be achieved using either nested conditional statements or
conditions combined with logical operators. The example below is functionally no
different from the example above, in the sense that it will print out the exactly same
things with the same inputs:
if number > 0 and number % 2 == 0:

print("The number is even")
elif number > 0 and number % 2 != 0:
print("The number is odd")
else:
print("The number is negative or zero")
Neither approach is intrinsically better than the other, but in different situations one
or the other may seem more logical. In this particular example most people tend to
find the first version with nesting to be more intuitive.
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Leap year 0/1
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Generally, any year that is divisible by four is a leap year. However, if the year
is additionally divisible by 100, it is a leap year only if it also divisible by 400.
Please write a program which asks the user for a year, and then prints out
whether that year is a leap year or not.
Some examples:
Sample output
Please type in a year: 2011

That year is not a leap year.
Sample output

That year is a leap year.
Sample output

That year is not a leap year.
RUN TEST Reset
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Alphabetically in the middle 0/1
Please write a program which asks the user for three letters. The program
should then print out whichever of the three letters would be in the middle if
the letters were in alphabetical order.
You may assume the letters will be either all uppercase, or all lowercase.
Some examples of expected behaviour:
Sample output
1st letter: x
2nd letter: c
3rd letter: p
The letter in the middle is p
Sample output
1st letter: C
2nd letter: B
3rd letter: A
The letter in the middle is B
RUN TEST Reset
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Gift tax calculator 0/1
Some say paying taxes makes Finns happy, so let's see if the secret of
happiness lies in one of the taxes set out in Finnish tax code.
According to the Finnish Tax Administration, a gift is a transfer of property to

another person against no compensation or payment. If the total value of the
gifts you receive from the same donor in the course of 3 years is €5,000 or
more, you must pay gift tax.
When the gift is received from a close relative or a family member, the
amount of tax to be paid is determined by the following table, which is also
available on this website:
Value of gift Tax at the lower limit Tax rate for the exceeding part (%)
5 000 — 25 000 100 8
25 000 — 55 000 1 700 10
55 000 — 200 000 4 700 12
200 000 — 1 000 000 22 100 15
1 000 000 — 142 100 17
So, for a gift of 6 000 euros the recipient pays a tax of 180 euros (100 + (6 000
- 5 000) * 0.08). Similarly, for a gift of 75 000 euros the recipient pays a tax of 7
100 euros (4 700 + (75 000 - 55 000) * 0.12).
Please write a program which calculates the correct amount of tax for a gift
from a close relative. Have a look at the examples below to see what is
expected. Notice the lack of thousands separators in the input values - you
may assume there will be no spaces or other thousands separators in the
numbers in the input, as we haven't yet covered dealing with these.
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Sample output
Value of gift: 3500

No tax!
Sample output
Value of gift: 5000

Amount of tax: 100.0 euros
Sample output
Value of gift: 27500

Amount of tax: 1950.0 euros
RUN TEST Reset
You have reached the end of this section! Continue to the next section:
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4. Simple loops
You can check your current points from the blue blob in the bottom-right corner of
the page.
In this part:
1. Programming terminology
2. More conditionals
3. Combining conditions
4. Simple loops
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Source code of the material
Report issue Edit page
This course is created by the Agile Education Research group of the University of Helsinki.
About the material and its creators.
16 of 16 2/12/23, 11:51 AM

Combining Conditions - Python Programming MOOC 2023

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Combining conditions - Python Programming MOOC 2023 https://programming-23.mooc.

Christopher Joshua Fifield Log out

After this section

number = int(input("Please type in a number: "))

number = int(input("Please type in a number: "))

False False False False

True False False True

False True False True

True True True True

number = int(input("Please type in a number: "))

Especially in programming, logical operators are often called Boolean operators.

Simplified combined conditions

Combining and chaining conditions

if n1 > n2 and n1 > n3 and n1 > n4:

print(f" {greatest} is the greatest of the numbers.")

Programming exercise: Points:

Age check 0/1

What is your age? 13

What is your age? 2

What is your age? -4

RUN TEST Reset

Programming exercise: Points:

In a similar fashion, if the name is Morty or Ferdie, the program should

Please type in your name: Morty

Please type in your name: Huey

Please type in your name: Ken

RUN TEST Reset

Programming exercise: Points:

Grades and points 0/1

> 100 impossible!

How many points [0-100]: 37

How many points [0-100]: 76

How many points [0-100]: -3

RUN TEST Reset

Programming exercise: Points:

Some examples of expected behaviour:

RUN TEST Reset

number = int(input("Please type in a number: "))

print("The number is even")

Some examples of how this program behaves:

Please type in a number: 3

Please type in a number: 18

Please type in a number: -4

With nested conditional statements it is crucial to get the indentations right.

number = int(input("Please type in a number: "))

if number > 0 and number % 2 == 0:

Programming exercise: Points:

Leap year 0/1

Please type in a year: 2011

Please type in a year: 2020

Please type in a year: 1800

RUN TEST Reset

Programming exercise: Points:

Alphabetically in the middle 0/1

Some examples of expected behaviour:

RUN TEST Reset

Programming exercise: Points:

Gift tax calculator 0/1

According to the Finnish Tax Administration, a gift is a transfer of property to

5 000 — 25 000 100 8

25 000 — 55 000 1 700 10

55 000 — 200 000 4 700 12