NSTP-CWTS

Module 7: Drug Abuse

Prevention and Control

Stop drugs word collage in hand shape. Published on November 29, 2018
in Walgreens and CVS Install Drug Take Back Kiosks

JHOANNA V. TABI, RN, MAN

JOHNARD B. REBATO, RN, MSN

PALAWAN STATE UNIVERSITY I NSTP-CWTS

2021
TABLE OF CONTENTS
OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................... 2
LEARNING OUTCOMES: ............................................................................................................ 3
Activity 6.1 .................................................................................................................................. 4
COMMON SIGNS OF DRUG USE & ADDICTION ................................................................... 5
Changes in Behavior .................................................................................................................... 5
Psychological Changes ................................................................................................................ 5
Health Problems .......................................................................................................................... 6
Personal Appearance ................................................................................................................... 6
Other Signs .................................................................................................................................. 7
Activity 6.2 .................................................................................................................................. 7
COMMONLY ABUSED DRUGS AND THEIR EFFECTS ......................................................... 8
Activity 6.3 ................................................................................................................................ 12
EFFECT OF DRUG ADDICTION to the family and community ............................................... 13
TREATMENT FOR DRUG ADDICTION .................................................................................. 14
Activity 6.4 ................................................................................................................................ 17
DRUG ADDICTION PREVENTION .................................................................................... 17
LAWS GOVERNING DRUG USE.............................................................................................. 19
Activity 6.5 ................................................................................................................................ 20
PENALTY .................................................................................................................................... 20
Activity 6.6 ................................................................................................................................ 21
QUIZZES ...................................................................................................................................... 22
Quiz 1. Multiple Choice. ........................................................................................................... 22
Quiz 2. Case Scenario. ............................................................................................................... 23
Quiz 3. Pledge of Commitment Against Drug Addiction ......................................................... 24
ANSWER KEY ............................................................................................................................ 25
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 27

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 Hello dear students!
Welcome to this Module 6: Drug Abuse
Prevention and Control.

OVERVIEW

This module aims to educate, spread the word regarding the dangers of drugs to oneself and to the
community and how drug addiction can be prevented.

Drug abuse prevention and control is an important first step in informing people about the dangers
of addiction, prevention techniques and where to find recovery help if it should be deemed
necessary.

We’re here to help you better understand all forms of drug abuse and how addiction can be
prevented.

You will undertake activities that will help you realize importance of drug awareness and
prevention.

You have three weeks to finish this module.

“Get high on grades – not on drugs!!!”

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LEARNING OUTCOMES:

At the end of this module, you will be able to:

1. Differentiate prohibited drugs from regulated substances/drugs.

2. Identify the common signs of drug use and addiction.
3. Describe the effects of drug addiction to individual, family and community.
4. Discuss the different treatments for drug addiction.
5. Explain ways to prevent drug addiction.
6. Determine the agencies for the implementation of R.A. 9165 and R.A. 9344.
7. Cite the penalty for violating 9165 and R.A. 9344.
8. Create a pledge of commitment against illegal drugs/drug addiction.

Let’s get started!

First, you will learn the definition of some key terms…

DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS IN DRUG ADDICTION

Drugs - a chemical substance used in the treatment, cure, prevention, or diagnosis of disease or
used to otherwise enhance physical or mental well-being (Dictionary.com, 2012). ‘Dangerous
drugs’ are those that have high tendency for abuse and dependency, these substances may be
organic or synthetic, and pose harm to those who use them.

Prohibited drugs - a substance, such as a drug, etc, that is banned or forbidden by law or other
authority. (Collins English Dictionary, 2020)

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Regulated substance/Drugs - A regulated drug is one that is researched, manufactured,
distributed, and administered under the supervision of regulatory authorities and are can be bought
through a doctor’s prescription and over the counter.
Drug abuse - The use of illegal drugs or the use of prescription or over-the-counter drugs for
purposes other than those for which they are meant to be used, or in excessive amounts. Drug
abuse may lead to social, physical, emotional, and job-related problems. (NCI, n.d.)

Drug dependence - is an adaptive state that develops from repeated drug administration, and
which results in withdrawal upon cessation of drug use. (Wikipedia, 2020)

Drug addiction - is defined as a chronic, relapsing disorder characterized by compulsive drug

seeking and use despite adverse consequences. It is considered a brain disorder, because it involves
functional changes to brain circuits involved in reward, stress, and self-control. (NIH , 2020)

Now get your notebook and pen. Let’s

begin with activity 6.1

ACTIVITY 6.1 Get your notebook and pen. Complete the sentence
below.

Now I know that the difference between prohibited drugs and

regulated drugs
are_______________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
_________.

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 Great! you’ve completed activity
6.1. You may proceed to the next
topic.

While every person’s experience of drug use or addiction is unique, there are some
signs that are common to many people who abuse substances. Let us now learn the common
signs of drug use and addiction.

COMMON SIGNS OF DRUG USE & ADDICTION

Changes in Behavior
Behavioral change is usually one of the first visible signs of drug use. Some behavioral changes
that may indicate using of drugs include:
• Poor academic performance.
• Missing school and/or extracurricular activities.
• Getting into conflicts or trouble at school.
• Becoming defiant, uncooperative, or hostile (e.g., violating curfew, ignoring rules, lashing
out).
• Increased illegal activity or behavior.
• Decreased interest in activities and hobbies.
• Changing friends or social circles.
• Isolating themselves from friends or family.
• Acting secretive.
• Newfound demand for privacy.
• Lack of respect for authority.
• Avoiding eye contact.
• Complaints from teachers, classmates, etc.
• Unexplained disappearances for significant periods of time.

Psychological Changes
Because many abused drugs are psychotropic, personality or mood changes are also common signs
of drug use. These include:
• Frequent mood swings or emotional instability.
• Extreme highs and lows.
• Manipulative or deceitful behavior.
• Decreased motivation.
• Lethargy or low energy.
• Memory problems.
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 • Poor concentration.
• Slurred or rapid-fire speech.
• Laughing for no apparent reason.
• Being unusually loud and obnoxious.
• Being fearful or paranoid for no apparent reason.
• Periods of drowsiness followed by periods of high energy.
• Other unexplained changes in attitude or personality.

Health Problems
There are many health issues that occur as a result of drug use such as:
• Appetite changes.
• Sleep disturbances.
• Excessive thirst (known as cottonmouth and typically occurs as a result of marijuana use).
• Nausea and vomiting.
• Sweating.
• Headaches.
• Frequent illness.
• Sudden weight loss or gain.
• Coordination problems.
• Nosebleeds (may occur due to the snorting of drugs such as cocaine).
• Constipation.
• Seizures (without a history of epilepsy or other seizure disorder).
• Runny nose.
• Shakes or tremors.
• Accidents or injuries.

Personal Appearance
People who use drugs often begin to neglect their personal appearance as a result of drug use. If a
person is in fact abusing drugs, you may notice some of these signs:
• Poor hygiene. Poor coordination.
• Teeth clenching.
• Bloodshot eyes.
• Bruises, cuts, and sores (from falling, bumping into things, or scratching oneself).
• Constant scratching (a common sign of opiate use).
• Track marks on arms or legs from intravenous drug use.
• Wearing long sleeves even in the summer (to cover up track marks).
• Burns on fingers or lips (from joints).
• Pinpoint pupils (a common sign of opiate use).
• Smelling like drugs, alcohol, or other unusual odor.

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Other Signs
There are several other visible signs of drug use these include:
• Finding drug paraphernalia (e.g., pipes, rolling papers, needles, bottles, unusual
containers, eye drops, butane lighters, smoking devices, cut up straws, mirrors, Ziploc
bags, tin foil, weighing scales, balloons, aluminum foil wrappers, vials, capsules, etc.).
• Finding drug residue or remains (e.g., seeds, stems, powder, etc.).
• Smelling strong incense or perfumes within your teenager’s personal space (commonly
used to hide the smell of drugs).
• Missing medications, alcohol, cigarettes, etc.
• Missing cash or other resources (i.e., valuable items which may be pawned for drugs).
• Finding hidden stashes of drugs or alcohol.

Source: American Addiction Centers

Let’s have a quick test on common signs of

drug addiction. Answer the true or false
questions below.

ACTIVITY 6.2
1. Different drugs cause different symptoms, so it's not always
easy to tell when someone is abusing a substance. One possible
sign of substance-use disorder in teens is when grades slip and
school attendance becomes irregular.
2. Missing medications, alcohol, cigarettes are signs of drug use.
3. Poor academic performance is a sign of drug use.

Refer to the answer key provided at the end of our

module to check your answers. If you got 3/3, you
are doing well. You may proceed to the next activity.
If you have a mistake reread the lesson especially in
the items you missed.

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Information on commonly used drugs with the potential for misuse or addiction can be found
here including its method of use and health risks.

COMMONLY ABUSED DRUGS AND THEIR EFFECTS

Category and Name Examples of Acute Effects/
Commercial and Street Health Risks
Names/ Method of Use
Alcohol Found in liquor, beer, In low doses, euphoria, mild
Alcohol (ethyl alcohol) and wine/ swallowed stimulation, relaxation,
lowered inhibitions; in higher
doses drowsiness, slurred
speech, nausea, emotional
volatility, loss of coordination,
visual distortions, impaired
memory, sexual dysfunction,
loss of consciousness/
increased risk of injuries,
violence, fetal damage (in
pregnant women); depression;
neurologic deficits;
hypertension; liver and heart
disease; addiction; fatal
overdose.
Hallucinogens Altered states of perception and
• Lysergic acid feeling; hallucinations; nausea
• LSD diethylamide: acid,
blotter, cubes, Also, for LSD and mescaline—
microdot, yellow increased body temperature,
sunshine, blue heaven/ heart rate, blood pressure; loss
swallowed, absorbed of appetite; sweating;
through mouth tissues sleeplessness; numbness;
• Mescaline dizziness; weakness; tremors;
impulsive behavior; rapid shifts
• Buttons, cactus, mesc, in emotion
peyote/ swallowed, Also, for LSD—Flashbacks,
smoked Hallucinogen Persisting
Perception Disorder
Also, for psilocybin—
nervousness; paranoia; panic

• Psilocybin
• Magic mushrooms,
purple passion,
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 shrooms, little smoke/
swallowed

Cannabinoids
• Blunt, dope, ganja, Euphoria; relaxation; slowed
• Marijuana
grass, herb, joint, reaction time; distorted sensory
bud, Mary Jane, pot, perception; impaired balance
reefer, green, trees and coordination; increased
smoke, sinsemilla, heart rate and appetite;
skunk, weed/ impaired learning, memory;
smoked, swallowed anxiety; panic attacks;
psychosis/cough; frequent
respiratory infections; possible
mental health decline;
addiction
• Hashish • Boom, gangster,
hash, hash oil, hemp/
smoked, swallowed,
weed.

Opioids
• Heroin • Diacetylmorphine: Euphoria; drowsiness;
smack, horse, brown impaired coordination;
sugar, dope, H, junk, dizziness; confusion; nausea;
skag, skunk, white sedation; feeling of heaviness
horse, China white; in the body; slowed or arrested
cheese (with OTC breathing/constipation;
cold medicine and endocarditis; hepatitis; HIV;
antihistamine)/ addiction; fatal overdose
injected, smoked,
snorted

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 • Laudanum,
• Opium paregoric: big O,
black stuff, block,
gum, hop/
swallowed, smoked

Stimulants
• Cocaine • Cocaine Increased heart rate, blood
hydrochloride: blow, pressure, body temperature,
bump, C, candy, metabolism; feelings of
Charlie, coke, crack, exhilaration; increased energy,
flake, rock, snow, mental alertness; tremors;
toot/ snorted, reduced appetite; irritability;
smoked, injected anxiety; panic; paranoia;
violent behavior;
psychosis/weight loss;
• Amphetamine • Biphetamine, insomnia; cardiac or
Dexedrine: bennies, cardiovascular complications;
black beauties, stroke; seizures; addiction
crosses, hearts, LA Also, for cocaine—nasal
turnaround, speed, damage from snorting
truck drivers,
uppers/ swallowed, Also, for methamphetamine—
snorted, smoked, severe dental problems
injected

• Methamphetamine • Desoxyn: meth, ice,

crank, chalk, crystal,
fire, glass, go fast,
speed/ swallowed,
snorted, smoked,
injected

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 Psychoactive Substances
ECSTASY, Adam,
Ecstasy Cadillac, Beans, Feeling of depersonalization,
MDMA,3,4 California Sunrise, elevated anxiety, muscle
methylenedioxymethamphetamine Clarity, E, Essence, tension, involuntary teeth
Elephants, Eve, Hug, clenching, nausea, blurred
Hug Drug, Love Drug, vision, faintness, chills and
Love pill, Lover’s speed, sweating, hypertension,
Roll, Scooby snacks, tremors, seizures, and
Snowball, X, XE, XTC increased body temperature.
Other Compounds:
• Anabolic steroids • Anadrol, Oxandrin, Steroids—no intoxication
Durabolin, Depo- effects/hypertension; blood
Testosterone, clotting and cholesterol
Equipoise: roids, changes; liver cysts; hostility
juice, gym candy, and aggression; acne; in
pumpers/ injected, adolescents––premature
swallowed, applied stoppage of growth; in males––
to skin prostate cancer, reduced sperm
production, shrunken testicles,
• Solvents (paint breast enlargement; in
• Inhalants thinners, gasoline, females––menstrual
glues); gases irregularities, development of
(butane, propane, beard and other masculine
aerosol propellants, characteristics.
nitrous oxide); Inhalants (varies by
nitrites (isoamyl, chemical)—stimulation; loss of
isobutyl, inhibition; headache; nausea
cyclohexyl): or
laughing gas,
poppers, snappers, vomiting; slurred speech; loss
whippets/ inhaled of motor coordination;
through nose or wheezing/cramps; muscle
mouth weakness; depression; memory
impairment; damage to
cardiovascular and nervous
systems; unconsciousness;
sudden death.
Source: National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2012

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 ACTIVITY 6.3
1. Common Street name of cocaine is_____________.
a. Smack b. Brown sugar c. Crack d. Angel dust
2. Increased vital signs are a common side effect of what drug?
a. Opium c. Cocaine
b. Anabolic steroids d. Inhalants
3. The following are examples of inhalants, except:
a. Poppers c. Thinners
b. Beans d. Solvents
4. What is the deadliest effect of heroine?
a. Euphoria c. Confusion
b. Drowsiness d. Arrested breathing
5. What is most common name of marijuana?
a. Weed c. Boom
b. Gangster d. Hash oil

Whew... That’s a lot! Right? Break time! Lean back

and close your eyes. Relax and listen to your favorite
music! You may check the correct answer for Activity
6.1 at the end of this module.

Hi! Rested? Invigorated? Now you’re ready for

our next topic which is about the Effects of Drug
Addiction to the Family and Community. Let’s
move forward.

Young people who persistently abuse substances often experience an array of problems,
including academic difficulties, health-related problems (including mental health), poor peer
relationships, and involvement with the juvenile justice system. Additionally, there are
consequences for family members, the community, and the entire society.

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EFFECT OF DRUG ADDICTION TO THE FAMILY AND COMMUNITY
Academics
Declining grades, absenteeism from school and other activities, and increased potential for
dropping out of school are problems associated with adolescent substance abuse.
Physical health
Injuries due to accidents (such as car accidents), physical disabilities and diseases, and the effects
of possible overdoses are among the health-related consequences of teenage substance abuse.
Disproportionate numbers of youth involved with alcohol and other drugs face an increased risk
of death through suicide, homicide, accident, and illness.
Mental health
Mental health problems such as depression, developmental lags, apathy, withdrawal, and other
psychosocial dysfunctions frequently are linked to substance abuse among adolescents. Substance-
abusing youth are at higher risk than nonusers for mental health problems, including depression,
conduct problems, personality disorders, suicidal thoughts, attempted suicide, and suicide.
Marijuana use, which is prevalent among youth, has been shown to interfere with short-term
memory, learning, and psychomotor skills. Motivation and psychosexual/emotional development
also may be influenced.

Peers
Substance-abusing youth often are alienated from and stigmatized by their peers. Adolescents
using alcohol and other drugs also often disengage from school and community activities,
depriving their peers and communities of the positive contributions they might otherwise have
made.
Families
In addition to personal adversities, the abuse of alcohol and other drugs by youth may result in
family crises and jeopardize many aspects of family life, sometimes resulting in family
dysfunction. Both siblings and parents are profoundly affected by alcohol- and drug-involved
youth. Substance abuse can drain a family's financial and emotional resources.
Social and economic consequences
The social and economic costs related to youth substance abuse are high. They result from the
financial losses and distress suffered by alcohol- and drug-related crime victims, increased burdens
for the support of adolescents and young adults who are not able to become self-supporting, and
greater demands for medical and other treatment services for these youth.

Delinquency
There is an undeniable link between substance abuse and delinquency. Arrest, adjudication, and
intervention by the juvenile justice system are eventual consequences for many youth engaged in
alcohol and other drug use. It cannot be claimed that substance abuse causes delinquent behavior
or delinquency causes alcohol and other drug use. However, the two behaviors are strongly

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correlated and often bring about school and family problems, involvement with negative peer
groups, a lack of neighborhood social controls, and physical or sexual abuse.
Source: Drug Identification and Testing in the Juvenile Justice System

Mind Exercise!
Imagine one activity that you like doing and would not be able to do if you
were drunk or under the influence of drugs. What would the consequences
for your family and dear ones be, if you become drunk or begin taking drugs?

Have you thought about your answer in our mind exercise

above? How does that made you feel? I hope that you
realized that Drugs will hurt your family and dear ones.
Moving on, here are various treatment modalities for drug
addiction.

TREATMENT FOR DRUG ADDICTION

Detox

Detox (or detoxification) is where their body finishes flushing the drugs or alcohol out so that the
real healing can begin. The human body will do this naturally, and it can take a couple days or a
couple weeks — depending on the patient’s situation. Detoxing under the care of professionals
ensures that it’s done safely out of reach from harmful substances. Your teen may experience
withdrawal symptoms as well — physical or mental anguish from not feeding their addiction. By
undergoing detox with medical supervision, doctors can aid them through any withdrawal pains
(potentially with the help of medication).

Therapies

Teen drug rehab or alcohol rehab is often focused primarily around therapy. In teenagers with
SUDs, biological factors play an immense role. Segments of the brain typically show
underdevelopment or other abnormalities. This includes the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible
for goal setting, impulsivity, reasoning, and judgment. The nucleus accumbens is also still

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developing in teens, which explains their tendency for thrill seeking. These factors, when
combined with genetic and environmental factors, can help doctors understand why a teen may be
struggling with substance abuse. To fully understand an individual teen’s problem — and to then
address it comprehensively — the first course of action in rehab is one or more types of therapy.

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (also known as psychotherapy, talk therapy or CBT) is a treatment

option that seeks to uncover the thinking behind a teenager’s addiction and work towards reshaping
these thought patterns. On a whole, CBT is based on the notion that thoughts cause behaviors and
the way we perceive, interpret and assign meaning to our environment. During a teen’s rehab for
substance abuse, sessions of CBT encourage them to:

• Develop self-regulation and coping skills by helping them identify stimulus cues that
precede their substance use
• Use various strategies to avoid high-risk situations, people, or places
• Develop skills for communication and problem-solving

Family Therapy

Family-based therapy emphasizes the role of family (or lack thereof) in a young person’s substance
abuse. Sessions of family therapy bring together those closest to an addicted teen and address
issues such as poor family communication, cohesiveness and problem solving. This method of
treatment is centered on the premise that family carries the most profound and long-lasting
influence on development, and in modeling both good and bad behaviors and beliefs. For instance,
in a case of alcohol abuse treatment, family therapy may bring up the role of alcohol in the
household. If the parents are casual drinkers, or haven’t discussed the risks of alcohol use with
their children, this may be a major influence in a teen’s drinking problem.

Contingency Management

A relationship with drugs or alcohol can rewire certain functions of the brain, specifically the
reward centers. When a teen smokes marijuana every time they accomplish something or feels
they deserve a break, the brain can come to expect marijuana as a reward, and nothing else will
suffice. Contingency management (or “motivational incentives”) is utilized in many substance
abuse treatment models for adolescents. This form of therapy tracks each patient’s progress in
rehab, including each day they succeed in staying sober, and rewards them with a prize. Prizes
might include gift certificates, electronics, clothing or even cash. The more teens feel satisfied with
their rewards, not only will they continue striving to stay sober, but their brain will relearn how to
appreciate rewards that aren’t drugs or alcohol.

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Motivational Interviewing

Motivational interviewing (or “brief intervention”) techniques use a person-centered, non-

confrontational style in assisting the patient to explore various facets of their substance habit.
During these sessions, the teen patient is encouraged to examine the pros and cons of their use,
and with the help of their therapist, create goals to help them achieve a healthier lifestyle. While
the patient’s freedom of choice regarding their substance use is respected, the therapist will provide
personalized feedback with the goal of gradually helping them realize the consequences of their
actions. This type of therapy has grown significantly more popular in recent years, especially in
addressing teenage substance abuse.

Recreational Therapy

Recreational therapy (also called Therapeutic Recreation or TR) engages teen rehab patients in
active leisure activities (e.g. sports, arts and crafts, games). Healthy leisure can benefit a recovering
addict in several ways, and TR has an emphasis on treating the “whole person,” not just the mind.
In the worst of a substance addiction, a teenager can easily forget how to enjoy life outside of drugs
or alcohol. Recreational therapy encourages them to loosen up throughout the treatment process
and helps them rediscover the positive traits of their personality. It also allows them to bond with
other recovering addicts, and relearn how to interact with others in a healthy way. Along the way
they may learn new skills, improve their physical health, and feel a boost to their self-esteem and
self-worth.

Medications for Treatment

Prescribing medications during substance abuse treatment may help your teen reduce cravings,
restore their normal health, or address any underlying psychiatric disorders (which is also known
as a dual diagnosis). Pharmacotherapy, as it’s called, is far more common in adult treatment
patients. But if your doctors determine that medication would be beneficial, it may be implemented
into your teen’s treatment plan.

Medications prescribed in substance abuse treatment may include:

• Opioids – drugs like Vicodin and Percocet that help numb patients to pain
• Stimulants – drugs like Adderall and Ritalin that increase mental functions like alertness
and energy
• Mood stabilizers – drugs like Lithium that reduce the appearance of emotional swings
(Brittany Tackett, 2020)

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 ACTIVITY 6.4
Complete the paragraph below with what you learned in the topic under
“Treatment for Drug Addiction.” Write your answer in your notebook.

First, I know that treatment for drug addiction is DETOX, it

___________________________________________________________.

In addition, FAMILY THERAPY also

_______________________________________________________.
Finally, prescribed MEDICATIONS during substance abuse treatment may
____________________________________________________________
_____.

Here are several effective ways to prevent drug

addiction before it even starts.
Are you now ready to proceed to the next lesson?
Okay, let’s go.

Youth drug abuse is challenging for several reasons. You are still developing important life
skills, your identity, likes, and dislikes. If you begin experimenting with drugs to fit in or gain
friends, you can unknowingly set yourselves up for a potentially life-threatening habit.
DRUG ADDICTION PREVENTION

1. Find healthy ways to cope with stress.

Many people begin using drugs to deal with stress and tension. The reality is, however, that drugs
are only a temporary fix. Once a person comes down from drugs, they are likely to experience
physical and psychological side effects that only intensify feelings of anxiety. Finding coping
methods such as exercise or meditation can eliminate the urge to try drugs.

2. Seek therapy or counselling.

It is not at all uncommon to experience feelings of depression. Many people experience highs and
lows that can be difficult to cope with. Drug users often are attempting to self-medicate for their
psychological issues.
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The problem is that drugs do not treat mental issues themselves. They simply treat the symptoms.
Working through problems with a mental health professional is a much more effective and long-
lasting way of treating a psychological or emotional problem.

3. Maintain a lifestyle that makes you happy.

Low self-esteem and depression are major triggers for drug abuse. It is easy to let one aspect of
your life, such as work, become overwhelming, to the point that you do not enjoy or partake in
other important aspects of your life.

Maintaining strong relationships and a healthy balance between physical and mental activity can
help you maintain the stability that is needed to stay drug free.

4. Have things in your life that you care deeply about.

Whether it’s a sport, artistic endeavor, or personal relationships, having something that you are
passionate about motivates you to stay healthy and mentally and emotionally in shape. If you care
deeply enough about the people and activities in your life, you are less likely to jeopardize them
by experimenting with drugs.

5. Be aware of your family’s history with substance abuse.

The tendency toward addiction is linked to genetics, so be familiar with any parents or other family
members who have struggled with addiction. If you know that you have a higher chance of
becoming addicted, take extra precautions to avoid drugs and alcohol.
It is much easier to avoid substances altogether than it is to recover from addiction. If you were
around a parent who abused drugs as a child, you may also want to seek counseling to help you
resolve any issues you may have around alcohol or other addictive drugs.
No matter what your background or current situation is, it is possible to avoid slipping into the
dangers of addiction. They key lie in keeping yourself happy and healthy while you are drug-free.
(Seeley, 2018)
Source: PsychCentral

At this point, I know that you are expecting an

activity, but instead I want you to click the link
below and perform the breathing meditation.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SEfs5TJZ6
Nk

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 Now that you feel more energetic,
charged, and refreshed let’s proceed
to the next topic.

LAWS GOVERNING DRUG USE

One of the Philippines’ main weapons against illegal drugs is Republic Act 9165 or the
Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002. It mandates the government to "pursue an intensive
and unrelenting campaign against the trafficking and use of dangerous drugs and other similar
substances."

The Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) or Ahensiya ng Pilipinas sa Pagpapatupad ng

Batas Laban sa Bawal na Gamot is the lead anti-drug law enforcement agency, responsible for
preventing, investigating, and combating any dangerous drugs, controlled precursors, and essential
chemicals within the Philippines. The agency is tasked with the enforcement of the penal and
regulatory provisions of Republic Act No. 9165 (R.A. 9165), otherwise known as the
Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002. (Wikipedia, 2020)

PDEA is the implementing arm of the Dangerous Drugs Board (DDB). The DDB is the policy-
making and strategy-formulating body in the planning and formulation of policies and programs
on drug prevention and control. PDEA and DDB are both under the supervision of the Office of
the President of the Philippines.

Drug abuse among the youth is a pressing problem in many countries including the Philippines.
Drug abuse has destroyed numerous lives. The threat of illegal drugs exists, and it’s closer than
we think. In the Philippines, the drug-abuse situation has increased over the years.

Philippine National Police (PNP) reports that from January 2017 to December 2018, the police
have caught over 1,300 children aged 17 years and below for their alleged involvement in illegal
drugs. In 2017, police captured – or "rescued," as law enforcers prefer to say – and turned over to
rehabilitation agencies 481 minors who allegedly violated the Dangerous Drugs Act or Republic
Act No. 9165 (RA 9165). Police caught almost double that figure or 857 minors in 2018. This
means that in a span of two years, a total of 1,338 minors were caught for their alleged involvement
in illegal drugs. This is equivalent to around 13 apprehensions of minors a week. (TALABONG,
2019)

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Children caught to illegal drug activity, whether drug trade and drug abuse is a violation of drug
law. “Child in Conflict with the Law” or CICL on the other hand refers to a child who is alleged
as, accused of, or adjudged as, having committed an offence under Philippine laws. (Sanchez, n.d.)
Republic Act No. 9344 or the “Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act” defines the Juvenile Justice and
Welfare System as a system dealing with children at risk and children in conflict with the law,
which provides child-appropriate proceedings, including programs and services for prevention,
diversion, rehabilitation, re-integration, and aftercare to ensure their normal growth and
development.

Republic Act No. 9344 or the Juvenile Justice Law of 2006 sets the minimum age of criminal
liability at 15 years old – meaning those between 15 to 18 years old may be detained in youth
centers and be put through rehabilitation programs. Those under 15 years old are exempted from
criminal liability and undergo intervention.

ACTIVITY 6.5
Look for the hotline numbers of PDEA and PNP where you can report drug
related incidents. Write your answer in your notebook.
PDEA (Puerto Princesa City) - ____________________________
PNP (Puerto Princesa City/ Palawan) ______________________

Hooray! We’re nearing the end of Module 6! Yes, you’re almost there!
But first, let’s refer to the provisions in Article II of R.A. 9165

PENALTY

ARTICLE II
Unlawful Acts and Penalties

Section 4. Importation of Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled Precursors and Essential

Chemicals.- .The penalty of life imprisonment to death and a ranging from Five hundred thousand
pesos (P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos (P10,000,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person,
who, unless authorized by law, shall import or bring into the Philippines any dangerous drug,

20
regardless of the quantity and purity involved, including any and all species of opium poppy or
any part thereof or substances derived therefrom even for floral, decorative and culinary purposes.

The penalty of imprisonment ranging from twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty (20) years
and a fine ranging from One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand
pesos (P500,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who, unless authorized by law, shall
import any controlled precursor and essential chemical.

The maximum penalty provided for under this Section shall be imposed upon any person, who,
unless authorized under this Act, shall import, or bring into the Philippines any dangerous drug
and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical using a diplomatic passport, diplomatic
facilities or any other means involving his/her official status intended to facilitate the unlawful
entry of the same. In addition, the diplomatic passport shall be confiscated and canceled.

The maximum penalty provided for under this Section shall be imposed upon any person, who
organizes, manages, or acts as a "financier" of any of the illegal activities prescribed in this Section.

The penalty of twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty (20) years of imprisonment and a fine
ranging from One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos
(P500,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who acts as a "protector/coddler" of any violator
of the provisions under this Section.

ACTIVITY 6.6
NOW, PAUSE A WHILE AND COMPLETE THE STATEMENT BELOW.
WRITE YOUR ANSWER IN YO UR NOTEBOOK.
I can explain that, when I violate drug laws specifically “Importation of Dangerous
Drugs and/or Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals “, I will face the following
penalties:
1. ___________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________

Here we are at the end of another module.

CONGRATULATIONS for doing a great job!
To test what you have learned, be ready for a quiz.

21
 Answer the following questions. Submit/post your answers in our Google
classroom under Quiz Assignment Module 6: Drug Abuse Prevention and
Control.
Relax, focus, and take a deep breath! You may now start taking your quiz.

QUIZZES
PART 1. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Select the response that best answer the question or
statement.
1. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of addiction?
a. Denial
b. Loss of control
c. Habitual Behavior
d. Negative consequences

2. Which term describes the use of a drug for a purpose for which it was not intended?
a. Abuse c. Tolerance
b. Misuse d. Addiction

3. Which if the following is a sign of addiction?

a. Risk of losing one's job or failing out of school
b. Preoccupation with the addictive behavior
c. Amount of debt or financial problems
d. Tolerance for alcohol or drugs

4. When increased amounts of a drug, other substance, or behavior is needed to produce the
desired effect, this phenomenon is known as:
a. Tolerance
b. Withdrawal
c. Physiological dependence
d. Physiological dependence

5. Which of the following constitutes excessive use of any drug (legal or illegal)?
a. Drug abuse
b. Drug misuse
c. drug addiction
d. drug tolerance

22
 6. Temporary physical and psychological symptoms that occur when use of an addictive
substance is discontinued is referred to as:
a. Withdrawal
b. Compulsion
c. Addiction
d. Relapse

7. Process addictions include all the following, EXCEPT:

a. Exercise addiction to the point of working out at least 3 hours a day.
b. Compulsive gambling that results in the need to borrow money.
c. The use of Ritalin to help concentration when studying.
d. Compulsive buying, both in stores and online.

8. Which of the following is classified as a stimulant?

a. Methamphetamine
b. Marijuana
c. Alcohol
d. LSD

9. Which of the following statements about cocaine is NOT true?

a. It is a powerful stimulant.
b. When snorted, it can damage the mucous membranes.
c. It can cause drowsiness, depression, and loss of appetite.
d. A cheap and widely available form of cocaine that can be smoked is known as
crack.

10. Which of the following statements about amphetamines is true?

a. They can cause a dangerous drop-in heart rate and respiratory rate.
b. They have no known side effects.
c. They are not addictive.
d. They are stimulants.

PART 2. CASE SCENARIO. Provide a brief answer on how you will deal with the situations
given. (8 points each)

Scenario 1
A friend invites you to a disco where it is rumored that (meth) amphetamines and other drugs are
widely available. What might happen if (1) you accept the invitation, or (2) you refuse the
invitation?

23
Scenario 2
You meet an old friend whom you haven't seen for some time. She/he lights a marijuana cigarette
(a “joint”) and offers it to you. What will you do?

Scenario 3
You go out with some friends and someone offers you a tablet. They insist that it will make you
feel great, that everybody is taking them and that, surely, you do not want to be left out. What
should you do? What would you say?

Scenario 4
You are with your friends. Someone offers you some alcohol and some capsules, which someone
suggests will take away the effects of the alcohol. How would you respond?

Scenario 5
One of your friends is becoming increasingly involved with another group. You have heard that
this group regularly uses solvents and amphetamines. What will you do?

QUIZ 3. PLEDGE OF COMMITMENT AGAINST DRUG ADDICTION

After internalizing the content of this module, as a youth of today and a responsible citizen of this
country, create a pledge of commitment against illegal drug/ drug addiction to our country, to your
family and to yourself. At least 100 words. 30pts.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________.

24
ANSWER KEY
Activity 6.2
1. True
2. True
3. True

Activity 6.3
1. C
2. C
3. B
4. D
5. A

Quiz 2. Case Scenario

Grading Rubric

Grading Factors Very Good Needs

good Improvement
Completeness 2 1 0
Does your response directly answer each part of the
question(s)?
Knowledge 2 1 0
Does your response clearly show you have read and
understand the lesson content by correctly defining key
terms, key persons and summarizing concepts?
Analysis 2 2 0
Have you clearly stated analysis and give examples to back
them up? Does your response provide analysis to the larger
concepts of the lesson?
Writing Skills 2 2 0
Do you write clearly, in complete sentences, with minimal
errors in grammar and spelling?

25
Quiz 3. Pledge of Commitment

Grading Rubric

Grading Factors Good Fair Poor

10-8pts 7-5 pts 5-0 pts

3 Promises The writer gives 3 The writer gives 2 The writer gives 1
(Country, family, & promises they pledge promises they pledge. promise.
self) to country, family,
and themselves)

Use of vocabulary The writer uses the The writer only uses The writer did not use
words "pledge" and either "pledge" or "pledge" or
"allegiance" "allegiance", but not "allegiance" in the
correctly. both in the paper. paper.

Spelling and The paper has few The paper has more The paper has many
Grammar spelling and grammar than a few spelling spelling and grammar
errors. and grammar errors errors.
but is understandable.

26
REFERENCES
Brittany Tackett, M. (2020). Teen Drug Abuse: The Warning Signs. Retrieved from
DrugAbuse.com: https://drugabuse.com/teen-drug-abuse-signs/

Collins English Dictionary. (2020). Retrieved from Collins English Dictionary:

https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/prohibited-substance

Dangerous Drugs Board. (2020, September 3). 2019 Statistics. Retrieved from GOVPH:
https://www.ddb.gov.ph/research-statistics/statistics/45-research-and-statistics/499-2019-
statistics

Dictionary.com. (2012). Retrieved from COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY - COMPLETE &

UNABRIDGED 2012 DIGITAL EDITION: https://www.dictionary.com/browse/drug

Drug Identification and Testing in the Juvenile Justice System. (1998, May). Consequences of
youth substance abuse. Retrieved from Drug Identification and Testing in the Juvenile
Justice System: https://ojjdp.ojp.gov/sites/g/files/xyckuh176/files/pubs/drugid/ration-
03.html

NCI. (n.d.). Search NCI's Dictionary of Cancer Terms. Retrieved from National Cancer Institute
at the National Institutes of Health:
https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/drug-abuse

NIDA National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2012, April). Commonly Abused Drugs. Retrieved from
DrugAbuse.gov: https://www.drugabuse.gov/sites/default/files/cadchart_2.pdf

NIH . (2020). Drug Misuse and Addiction. Retrieved from NIH National Institute of Drug Abuse:
https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugs-brains-behavior-science-addiction/drug-
misuse-addiction

NIH. (2014, January). Principles of Adolescent Substance Use Disorder Treatment: A Research-
Based Guide. Retrieved from NIH National Institute on Drug Abuse:
https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/principles-adolescent-substance-use-disorder-
treatment-research-based-guide/frequently-asked-questions/why-do-adolescents-take-
drugs

Sanchez, J. M. (n.d.). OVERVIEW OF PHILIPPINE JUVENILE JUSTICE AND WELFARE.

Retrieved from UNAFEI:
https://www.unafei.or.jp/publications/pdf/RS_No101/No101_17_IP_Philippines.pdf

Seeley, K. (2018, July 8). 5 Steps to Stop Drug Addiction Before it Starts. Retrieved from
PsychCentral: https://psychcentral.com/blog/5-steps-to-stop-drug-addiction-before-it-
starts/

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TALABONG, R. (2019, January 21). PNP: Over 1,300 children caught for drug violations since
2017. Retrieved from Rappler: https://rappler.com/nation/pnp-report-number-children-
caught-drug-violations-since-2017

The Recovery Village Drug and Alcohol Rehab. (2020). Teen Addiction Treatment Options.
Retrieved from The Recovery Village Drug and Alcohol Rehab:
https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/teen-addiction/drug/substance-abuse-treatment-
options/

Wikipedia. (2020, September 17). Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency. Retrieved from
Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Drug_Enforcement_Agency

Wikipedia. (2020, September 1). Substance dependence. Retrieved from Wikipedia:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substance_dependence

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