HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF TLE

(TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD

EDUCATION)

- One of the learning areas of the Secondary Curriculum used in the Philippine
secondary schools. As a subject in high school, its component areas are: Home
Economics Agri-Fishery Arts, Industrial Arts, information and communication
Technology. TLE is also referred to CP TLE for Career Pathways in Technology and
Livelihood Education. The CP TLE is required to, include practical work experience in
the community which may extend beyond its specific school hours.

And study the well-being of individuals, families, or societies

TLE – its nature is dominantly a skill subject, hence the teacher must engage the students in
an experiential and authentic teaching-learning process. Demonstration project based
method and hands -on learning provide effective and efficient result thus, improve the
learners’ skills and capabilities.

SCOPE AND NATURE OF TLE

TLE is considered as the real life related subject for it entails lessons that are relevant to
practical wages of life as in the house, in business and at work.
The legal basis of teaching TLE is based on Republic Act 10647, entitled an Act
Strengthening the ladderized interface between the Technical Vocational Education and
training (TVET, an education that leads to higher education, middle-level manpower,
entrepreneurship, and employment.
The Home Economics (senior secondary) will provide students with opportunities to
understand basic human necessities and study the well-being of individuals, families and
societies, building up their awareness of the various dimensions affecting well-being.
The curriculum at the secondary level will prepare students for further studies for work
or both. The curriculum at this level therefore aims to strike a balance between breadth and
depth and to respond to current social, economic, and technological developments both
globally and locally.
CONTRUCTIVISM
Theory in education which posits (prove to be true) that individuals or learners do not
acquire knowledge and understanding by passively perceiving it with a direct process of
knowledge transmission, rather they construct new understanding and knowledge
through experience and social discourse integration new information with what they
already know.
For children, this includes knowledge gained prior to entering school.

CONTEXTUALIZATION
Refers to the use of language to signal relevant aspects of an integration or
communicative situation.
-the fact or process of considering something in its context (= the situation within which
exists or happens) which can help in understanding it.

INTEGRATIVE
Serving to integrate or favoring integration or bring together.

EXPERIENTIAL
Involving or based on experience and observation. (The experiential learning
associated with employment)

AUTHENTIC LEARNING
Real life learning. Style of learning that encourages students to create a tangible,
useful product/outcome to be shred with their world.

ENTREPRENEURAL LEARNING
Entails solving real world problems
- More effective approach is to build a learning ecosystem that involve students,
teachers, employers and other social partners.
DESCRIPTION OF FRAMEWORK
TLE (Technological and Livelihood Education) encompasses the field of Economics,
Industrial Arts, Agri-fisheries, and ICT.
The entrepreneur-based TLE attached entrepreneurship concepts in the teaching of VALUES
subjects in H.E., AFA, IA and ICT.

TLE is geared toward the development of technological proficiency and is anchored on skills.
knowledge and information, entrepreneurial concepts, process and delivery work values and
life skills. This means that the TLE that works is one which is built on adequate skills and
processes, and the acquisition of right work values and life skills.
The TLE that is functional is one which equips students with skills for life-long learning. TLE
that is considered only with mere definition of terms is meaningless and shallow.
TLE is focused on mastery of skills and processes without right work values is anemic and
dangerous.
An effective TLE is one that is founded on the cognitive, behavioral or psychomotor and
effective dimensions of human development.
Therefore teaching TLE means teaching facts, concepts, skills and values in their entire life.
TLE by its nature is dominantly a skill subject hence the teacher must engage students in an
experiential, contextualized, and authentic teaching-learning process.
TLE is a subject in which students learn best by doing.
It is integrative in approach. Ex. It integrates entrepreneurship with all the areas of TLE.
It integrates concepts, skills, and values.

i
 AGRICULTURAL ARTS

PLANT PRODUCTION

Plant Production - means an economic technical agricultural industry in connection to the

cultivation of agricultural crops, ornamental plants, and edible mushrooms for human use.
Production of agricultural crops including the production of wild plant products for
commercial purposes.
Plant Production also means production of agricultural crop including the production of
wild plant products for commercial purposes.
It is also the multiplication and or propagation of more plants by either sexual or asexual
propagation methods
 Agricultural Arts – is the study of arts or science of cultivating the ground including
harvesting crops and the rearing, management of stock, farming as one of the important
areas of TLE.
Plant Propagation can be divided into 4 basic types:
1. Sexual
2. Asexual (vegetative)
3. Layering
4. Grafting
Materials commonly used for plant propagation are seeds and cuttings.

7 Methods of Plant Propagation:

1. Sexual Propagation
Involves the union (fertilization) of pollen and egg leading to seed formation. It
can also be called “seed propagation”, an old easy, single and effective technique for
ornamental or flowering plants, vegetables, fruits, and medicinal plant.
It also involves the sowing of seeds which result in most new seedlings being unique
in genetic makeup.

Disadvantages:
- Delayed flowering and fruiting, plants that do not produce seeds can be propagated
by this method, identical plants cannot be produced and mass production is harder
to achieve.

Sexual Production
 There are six types of Sexual Reproduction:
1. Fusion
2. Budding
3. Spore formation
4. Regeneration
5. Fragmentation
6. Vegetative propagation

Asexual Reproduction
- Means of propagation are- difficulty in producing new varieties, the practice and
skillsets required to follow these methods and plant being more prone to any kind of
stresses.
- Involves taking cuttings from a desirable plant and encouraging them to form roots.,
thus new plants. The offspring is genetically identical to the parent plant. This
includes tissue culture production.

Asexual Reproduction in Plants:

1. Involves only one parent.

2. Does not involve seeds.
3. Instead parts of a plant’s stem, leaves, or roots can become new plants.
4. Produce offspring/clones genetically identical to the plant.
5. Allows plants to be produced much faster than sexual reproduction.

1. Cutting

- Cutting the vegetative part of the plant (leaf, stem, and roots) and planting it again to
regenerate the whole plant. The 3 types of cutting are named after the plant part
being detached/cut.
-
1. Stem cutting
2. Leaf cutting
3. Root cutting

Stem Cutting
 Leaf Cutting

Root Cutting

2. DIVISION – suitable technique for perennial plants that live more than 2 years. It
involves dividing the plant by digging and moving it to an already prepared site.
This helps the plant to rejuvenate and reduce water and nutrient competition.
3. Layering
In this technique the attached and bent branch of the plant is covered with
soil and allowed to roots after the emergence and development of roots that
specific part of the plant is cut and allowed to grow as a new plant.

4. GRAFTING – Involves cutting a twig of one plant with the stem of another plant in
such a matter that they form a unit and function; it is a bit of a complex process
to bring the desired character to your plant. However, be sure to sterilize your
hands and tools to make sure you don’t transfer any infections during the
process.

5. Budding – In this method, a cut is made in the rootstock and a single bud with
little or no wood is inserted into it, in such a way that they unite ang grow as a
new plant.
 6. TISSUE CULTURE – Most recent and advanced technique in which plant tissues
are grown in media under controlled and sterile condition of environment. It is
extensively used for commercial purposes to produce clones of plants or mass
produce plants.

Advantages:

1. It allows for the production of clones or exact copies of the mother plant.
2. Plants with desired traits or characters can be grown using this technique.
3. It is beneficial in propagating plants without seeds.
4. It allows the production of plants in a shorter period of time compared to traditional
concerned with animals.
5. Plants that are difficult to grow by traditional method can be grown by this method.
6. Disease-free plants can be produced.
7. Mass production of plants is possible with this technique.
8. Enhance productivity.
9. Easy transportation of plants
 FOUR (4) METHODS OF PLANT PRODUCTION

1. Vegetative Reproduction
A. Natural Methods of Propagation
a. Lower Plants
 Budding
2. Asexual Reproduction
A. By Fission: In many unicellular algae, fungi, and bacteria, the mother cell
splits into two (2) new cells.

3. Sexual Reproduction
A. By conjugation

4. Induced Sex Modification

A. By growth hormones

The following points highlighted the 4 methods of plant reproduction:

1. Vegetative Reproduction
A. In lower plants:
(i) By Budding
Experiment:
Some yeast are grown in sugar solution and observed under the
microscope from time to time.

Observation:
It is observed that one or more tiny outgrowth s appear on one or
more sides of the vegetative cells immerged in sugar solution. In some
cases the outgrowths may be etched from the mother cells (which will
grow into new individuals)

Inference:
This method of outgrowth formation is known as Budding. After
budding continues one after the other so that finally a chain of cells is
formed. All the individual cells of the chain separate from one another
and form new yeast parts.

(ii) By gemmae
A gemma (plural of gemmae) is a single cell or a mass of cells, or a
modified bud of tissue, that detaches from the parent and develops into
 a new individual. This type of asexual reproduction is referred to as
fragmentation.

Experiment:
Some gemmae cups are collected from Marchantia and placed in
natural habitat.
Inference:
This is a new method of vegetative reproduction. The gemmae
develop in the gemmae cup and each gemmae is a small more or less
circular flattened structure with a conspicuous depression on each side.
The growing point lies in the depression.
(iii) By leaf tip
The leaf tip of adiontum is made to touch the soil in which it grows and
after a few days, observation is made. When the leaf bends down and
touches the ground, the tip strikes root and forms a bud. The bud grows
into a new independent fern plant.

(b) In higher plants:

(i) By underground stems:
Some tubers of potato or bulb of onions or rhizomes of ginger are
planed in pots, observation is made after 10-15 days.

Observation:
Many flowering plants reproduce themselves by means of rhizome,
tuber, bulb. New buds are produced on these modified stems which
usually grow up into new plants.
(ii) By sub aerial stems:

Experiment:
Some pistia, Hydrocotyle, Colocasia or Chrysantimum plants are
observed:

Observation and Inference:

Here, vegetable propagation takes place by means of sub-aerial
stems. Example by runner in Hydrocotyle, by offset in Pistia, by stolon in
Colocasia and by sucker in Chrysantimum.

(iii)By event status buds

 Experiment:

Some Bryophyllutn leaves are kept in moist soil.

Observation and Inference:

A series of event status foliac buds are produced in the leaf margin,
each at the end of vein. These buds grow up into new plants.

(i) By Bulbs
In Globba or Allium sativum of the lower flower of the
inflorescense become modified into small multicellular bodies
known as bulbils. Some bulbils are kept in moist ground and
observed after a few days.

Observation and Inference:

Bulbils grow up into new plants (sometimes they are seen to
grow to some extent on the plant itself.
 B. Artificial Methods of Propagation

(1.)By Cutting
a. By Stem Cuttings he physiological polarity should be maintained) int
moist soil they strike roots at the base and develop buds which grow up
(b) By root cutting
When some root cuttings of lemons, citrus, tamarind, etc. are into moist soil they uproot
forming roots and shoots.
(ii) By layering:
In this case, a lower branch of lemon, rose, jasmine, is bent down, a ring of bark to the
ground to the length of 1-2 inches are removed and this portion is pushed into the soft
ground, keeping the upper part free. The bent portion is covered with soil and remove bark
or stone 2-4 months), the or a brick is placed on it. When the roots have developed (usually
2-4 months) the branch is cut out from the mother plant and grow separately. A sufficient
thick plaster of grafting clays (clay 2 parts, cow dung 1 part and some finely- cut hay mixed
with water) is applied all around the ringed potion which is then wrapped up with straw and
tied in a secured manner. It should be wetted with water every morning and afternoon or
may be kept moistened with the help of a wick from a water reservoir. Usually within 1-3
months, the gootie is ready as indicated by its striking roots. It is then cut out below the
bandage and grown separately.
(iv) By Grafting:
(a) Inarching or approach grafting By this method a branch (scion) of a
plant is made to unite with seedling (stock) by firmly tying them
together by means of a chord. Before doing this, a small portion of the
bark is sliced of from each o ensure closed contact and quicker union
between the two. When proper fusion has taken place (usually within
2-3 months) the stock is cut out above the joining and the scion, thus
leaving the scion standing on the stock. Some of the fruit tress like
mango, litchi, guava, plum, etc readily responds to this method.

(b) Bud Grafting

For this method, a T-shaped incision is made in the bark of the
bark and a bud, cut out clean from a selected plant, is inserted into
the T-shaped slit and properly bandaged. From this method, it has
been found possible to grow several varieties of roses on one rose
stock, good variety of orange, lemon, etc. on inferior stocks, several
varieties of China rose on one, cacti on one and so on.

Bud grafting
(c) Whip or Tongue grafting

The stock usually ½ to ¾ inch thick is cut down a few inches above
the ground, sloping cuts are then made in it 2-3 inches long.
Scion of the same thickness is also cut in such a way to fit exactly into
the stocks. It is then inserted into the stock and tied firmly. The
wound is of course covered with grafting wax ( a mixture of tallow
(animal fat) one part plus bees wax one part plus resin 4 parts melted
together and made into soft dough under water). All buds are
removed from the stock but not from the scion.

Whip or tongue grafting

(d) Wedge Grafting

The stock is cut 8-10 inches above the ground and the wood of the
stem incised with clean cut in the form of a “V”. The scion, cut
obliquely downward so as to closely fir into the stock, is inserted into
the stock and tied firmly. Grafting wax is used for covering the wound.
All buds are removed from the stock but not from the scion.
 Wedge Grafting

(e) Crown Grafting

An old tree may be rejuvenated by this method. The stem is cut
across 8-10 inches above the ground. The bark of the stock is cut
through from the surface downward to a length of 5- 6 inches.
The bark is partially opened on either side. Prior to this a small
branch cut out from a tree is incised at the base with a sloping cut,
and this is now inserted into the slit in the bark and tied firmly. The
wound is covered with grafting wax.

Crown grafting
A. PLANTATION

- Is a type of commercial farming. In this type of farming, a single crop is grown in a

large area. The plantation has an interface of agricultry and industry.
- Plantation covers a large tract of land using capital intensive inputs with the help of
migrant labourers.
Plantation agriculture comes under the category of Commercial Farming; mainly focuses on
commercial crops that give a good amount of profit in return and they can be grown in all
the seasons. (rice, coconut, abaca, trees, etc.)
B. GARDENING
An activity of tending and cultivating a garden especially as a pastime.
 - It is the practice of growing and cultivating plants as part of Horticulture. In gardens,
ornamental plants are often grown for their flowers, foliage, or overall appearance,
useful plants, such as root vegetables, leaf vegetables, fruits, and herbs are grown
for

MODERN APPLIED PLANT SCIENCE

HORTICULTURE
- Is the science of agriculture that deals with the art, science, technology, and business
of plant cultivation. It includes the cultivation of fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds,
herbs, sprouts, mushrooms, algae, flowers, seaweeds, and non-food crops such as
grass and ornamental trees and plants. It also includes plant conservation, landscape
restoration, landscape and garden design, construction and maintenance, and
aboriculture, ornamental trees and lawns.

Science of Growing Fruits

POMOLOGY
- Is the science of growing fruits which divide fruits into groups based on plant
morphology and anatomy. It is important to the production of fruits that the USDA
( United States Department of Agriculture) established a division of pomology in
1886. The goal of fruit tree improvement includes enhancement of fruit quality,
regulation of production periods
and reduction of production cost. One involved in the science of pomology is called
Pomologist.
 Image of Pomology

CULTIVATION OF SILKWORMS TO PRODUCE SILK

- SERICULTURE OR SILK FARMING is the cultivation of silkworms to produce silk. The

caterpillars of the domestic silk moth (also called Bombyx Mori) are the most
commonly used silkworm species (such as Eri, Muga and Tasar) are also cultivated
for the production of wild silk.
ANIMAL PRODUCTION
- A branch of Agriculture that is concerned with rearing and production of
livestock and poultry.
- Animal science is therefore the art and science of rearing domestic
livestock and poultry species.
- Animal production is the technology applied to the keeping of animals
for profit. It includes feeding, breeding, housing and marketing, financial
management for the successful marketing.
- It includes Macro-livestock such as cattle, sheep, goats, horses, donkeys,
pigs, camels, etc.
- Micro-livestock includes rabbit, guinea pigs, snails, apiculture, etc.\
- Poultry includes chickens, guinea fowls, ostriches, quails turkeys,
pigeons, geese, ducks, etc.
Animal Production and Methods of Animal Raising
4 legged animals raised as means of livelihood
1. Hog or swine raising
2. Goat raising
3. Cattles/cow raising
4. Carabao raising
5. Horse raising
POSSIBLE HAZARDS THAT ANIMAL RAISING CAN CAUSE TO THE PEOPLE AND
COMMUNITY
Hazards – any source of pollution with potential damage, harm or adverse
health effects on something or someone under conditions at work.
1. Pollution
2. Infection and diseases
3. Fly and insect infestation
WAYS TO PREVENT HAZARDS
1. Put up a sceptic tanks for proper animal waste. Clean
2. Establish the housing of animals away from houses and the
neighborhood.
3. Have enough fences/ walks and try to minimize pollution caused by
animal waste.
 4. Clean and regularly disinfect the houses of animals.
5. Bathe animals regularly.
6. Have adequate space for animals to move about to exercise and provide
good health.
7. Quarantine new hogs for 30 days before having them joined other hogs to
ensure the safety and health of the regular hogs as well as the new ones.
8. Inquire from the animal technician or veterinarian always.
9. Burn animals immediately which died due to disease to avoid the spread of
the disease and bacteria.
10. Maintain health and sanitation program for animals to ensure their health
and safety.
Two (2) Methods of Animal Breeding
1. In-breeding - when breeding is between animal of the same breed for 4-
6 generation.
2. Out-breeding - breeding between unrelated animals which maybe
between individual of the same breed (but having no common
ancestors) or between different breeds, (cross-breeding) or different
species (in the specific hybridization.)

LIVESTOCCK- are the domesticated animals raised in agricultural setting to

provide labor and produce diversified products for consumption such as meat,
eggs, milk, fur, leather and wool.
It includes animals like cattle, sheep, goat, pigs, carabaos, etc.
Raising livestock is called Animal Husbandry, which is the breeding,
maintenance, and slaughter of livestock

ANIMAL PRODUCTION - something that is produced, especially eggs, milk, etc

from farms.
- It is where technology can be applied to keep animals for profit.
- It is one of the branches of agriculture concerned with animals that are
raised for meat, fibre, milk and other prod
Samples of Macro livestock>

Cattles/cows

Sheep Goat

Horses donkey
 Pigs

Camels

Micro-livestock
Rabbit Guinea Pigs

Snail Apiculture (Bees)

POULTRY

Chickens Guinea Fowls

Quail Turkey
 Ostrich Pigeon

Geese Duck
Gardening
SOIL PREPARATION 01/24/23
Monitoring
Harvested Product

Preperation of Selling
 HANDICRAFTS

 Handicrafts- is any of a wide variety of types of work where useful and decorative
objects are made completely by one’s hand or by using only simple non-automated
related tools like scissors, carving implements, or hooks.
 It is a traditional main sector of craft making and applies to a wie range of creative and
design activities that are related to making things with one’s hands ad skills including
work with textiles, moldtables, and rigid material paper, plant fibers, clay, etc.

Why handicrafting important?

 They represent people’s culture and tradition.
 It promotes the heritage of a country through the use of indigenous materials,
 It preserves traditional knowledge and talents and are gifted every day.

Importance of handicrafts in the Philippines

 Handicraft plays an important role in preserving the culture and tradition of our country.
 They are concrete evidences of our rich traditional art, skills and talents as well as the
Filipino way of life and history.
Importance of handicraft in the Philippine economy
- Handicraft is very important in the Philippines Economy because it represents our
culture and tradition.
- It promotes the heritage of a country through the use of indigenous materials.
- It preserves traditional knowledge and talents.
- It provides employment to a vast segment of craft persons an rural and semi-urban
areas.
- It generates substantial foreign exchange for the country while preserving its cultural
heritage.

Handicraft is a productive hobby.

- Gives you happiness, good health and creativity’
- It also helps and lifts others.
- If happy, healthy and not stressed out as you create, you become more ptient,
generous, and kind to other people.
- Crafting also encourages you to share what you create for others.

Traditional Craft is important because

- They help us understand the history of the people who made them and their
significance.
- The traditional craft is a constant reminder of a slow and green life being part of our
culture.

HANDICRAFTS IN THE PHILIPPINES

Traditional arts and crafts from villages have found new life as esoteric art forms and decor
accessories in modern Manila homes.

Art spans the Philippines from Manila’s museums to exterior decor of the most humble rural homes.
Even the simple tools and weapons used by the early nomadic people were artistically designed.
Effigies of the early people of the Philippines’ 110 indigenous tribes have men and women donning a
variety of headdresses, earrings, anklets, belly rings, bracelets, and necklaces. Such artistic
expressions, influenced by religious beliefs and cultural practices, reached an apogee in the early Iron
Age when people of Malay descent migrated in droves to the country.

Wood carvings, weavings and pottery

Soon, visual art forms expanded to include wood carvings, weaving, and pottery. Creative artisans,
seeing the wealth of natural materials available – bamboo, rattan, nipa palm, pina and abaca
(pineapple and hemp fibres), seashells, and marble – have used them to fashion a range of
handicrafts, from tiny baskets to massive pieces of furniture. Today, travelers will find brilliant
weaves, intricate beadwork, silver tribal jewelry, rustic wood figurines and dishes, ceramic pots,
jewel-colored capiz shell chandeliers, earthy pandan leaf mats and coasters, rattan basketry, and
shiny brassware. Among the going favorites are change pouches shaped from leather

Where to buy crafts

The best range of crafts is found in Manila – in Ermita, Makati, and the Quiapo area – and also in
specialty shops or malls, including those inside tribal theme villages open to the public. Airport gift
shops in Cebu, Davao, and other cities sell samples of the handicrafts from their regions.
 The Beginning of Home Economics

1660- Origin of Home Economics

Francis de Laval, bishop of Canada attempted and established it in 1668.
- Farm schools were put up in Southeastern Canada for boys and household tasks were taught to girls
in the Ursuline Convent in Quebec.
- In the USA Home Economics became fully developed at the end of 18th century. It took on a thru-
prolonged approach- schools were founded, literature disseminated and federal art legislated.

History of Home Economics in the Philippines

A - Pre-Spanish Period
The Filipinos had already a culture distinctly their own, even long before the Spaniards introduced
western education in the Philippines. This is evident in their political and social organization, systems
of property ownership, language, writing, practical arts and religion. The Filipino women were highly
respected and esteemed and enjoyed a high position in the society. This was one of the most
important aspects of the Filipino society at the time which made the education of women. Mother
taught their daughters how to cook, sew, weave and perform household chores.
There were two methods in the education of the early Filipinos “Tell Me” and “Show Me”. Learning
took place through imitation and trial and error. A more organized instruction known as the
indoctrination was developed by older priest or babaylan.

B – Spanish Period (1521 – 1898)

Education was a result of interplay of various political, social, economic, and religious factors. Spain
came for the desire to propagate Christian faith and exploit the natural resources. It was only in the
middle of the 19th century that the parochial schools were established where there were missions.
4 development period
1, Primary Education (1565- 1581)- Parochial schools attached to the parishes.
2. Secondary Education – (1581 – 1611)- the first major educational reform.
3. Higher Education (1611 -1863) was established because of the need of the church and the state
For educated men.
4. The Royal Decree ( 1863- 1893)- known as the Educational Decree of 1863 which uplifted the
Philippine education during the Spanish era.
C – (1901 – 1911) – Public School Education- The American Army established the first public
Schools. Night schools were opened in the city of Manila.
D – 1912 – 1922 – After the organization of the public school system, the expansion of the
Learning program took place.
E – 1923 – 1933- Period of Evaluation. This was the greatest accomplishment done in the
Philippines, public school system.
F – 1934- 1944- great influence by 2 events- The Commonwealth and the invasion of Japan.
G – 1945 – 1955- 2 significant events: 1. Liberation of the Philippines 2. Proclamation of the
Philippine Independence.
H – 1956 – 1966 – General 2-2 plan, approved and implemented in all parts of the country, very little
change in the Home Economics Curriculum.
I – 1967 – 1977 - Changes happened because of the New Society.
 ENTREPRENEURSHIP (RESEARCH MODE)
ENTREPRENEURSHIP RESEARCH #1
Please research on the following:

1. Define what entrepreneurship is.

-Entrepreneurship refers to the process of creating, developing, and managing a new

business venture in order to make a profit. An entrepreneur is an individual who takes on the
risks and responsibilities of starting and running a business, often with the aim of introducing
a new product or service to the market.

2. Characterize entrepreneurship.

-Entrepreneurship is characterized by a number of traits, including creativity, innovation, risk-

taking, persistence, adaptability, and a willingness to learn and take on new challenges.
Successful entrepreneurs are often able to identify and exploit market opportunities, and are
able to build strong networks and relationships with customers, suppliers, and other
stakeholders.

3. State and explain the entrepreneurial competencies.

-Entrepreneurial competencies are the skills, knowledge, and attributes that are necessary
for success in entrepreneurship. These competencies include:

Opportunity recognition and assessment: The ability to identify and evaluate business
opportunities.

Creative thinking and problem solving: The ability to generate new ideas and solve problems
in a creative and effective manner.

Risk management: The ability to identify and manage risks associated with starting and
running a business.

Strategic thinking and planning: The ability to develop and implement a strategic plan for the
business.

Financial management: The ability to manage finances effectively, including budgeting,

forecasting, and financial analysis.

Marketing and sales: The ability to develop and implement marketing and sales strategies to
attract and retain customers.

Leadership and management: The ability to lead and manage a team of employees, and to
create a positive work environment

4. Identify business opportunities.

-Business opportunities can be identified in a number of ways, including:

 Market research: Conducting research to identify unmet customer needs or underserved
markets.

Industry analysis: Analyzing industry trends and opportunities to identify potential business
opportunities.

Innovation: Developing new products or services that address unmet needs or offer a
competitive advantage.

Networking: Building relationships with other professionals and entrepreneurs to identify

potential business opportunities.

Personal experience: Drawing on personal experience and skills to identify potential business
opportunities.

5. Making a business plan

-Conducting market research to identify potential customers, competitors, and market

trends.

Defining the business model, including the products or services to be offered, the target
market, and the revenue model.

Developing a marketing and sales strategy, including pricing, promotion, and distribution.

Creating a financial plan, including budgeting, forecasting, and cash flow projections.

Identifying the resources required to start and run the business, including personnel,
equipment, and funding.

Creating an implementation plan, including timelines and milestones, to guide the launch
and growth of the business.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP RESEARCH #2

1. Make/ research an image of an entrepreneurship

2. What is Entrepreneurship?

- Entrepreneurship is the process of creating, developing, and managing a new business

venture in order to make a profit. It involves taking risks, being innovative, and creating
value for customers.

3. What are the key concepts of entrepreneurship? Define each.

- Innovation: The ability to create new products, services, or processes that improve or
transform the way things are done.

Opportunity recognition: The ability to identify and evaluate business opportunities that
can be turned into successful ventures.

Risk-taking: The willingness to take calculated risks in pursuit of business success.

Creativity: The ability to think outside the box and come up with new and innovative
ideas.

Value creation: The ability to create value for customers, employees, and other
stakeholders.

4. What are the characteristics of entrepreneurship? Explain each.

- Vision: Having a clear and compelling vision for the business and the ability to
communicate it effectively.

Passion: A strong desire to succeed and a willingness to put in the time and effort
required to achieve success.

Persistence: The ability to overcome obstacles and stay focused on achieving goals.

Adaptability: The ability to adapt to changing circumstances and take advantage of new
opportunities.

Risk tolerance: The willingness to take calculated risks and manage them effectively.

Resourcefulness: The ability to find creative solutions to problems and make the most of
limited resources.

5. Who was the Father and his contribution to Entrepreneurship?

- The Father of Entrepreneurship is considered to be Joseph Schumpeter. His

contribution to entrepreneurship includes the idea of creative destruction, which
describes the process by which new innovations and ideas replace outdated ones in the
market. He also emphasized the importance of entrepreneurship in driving economic
growth and development.
6. What are the types of entrepreneurship?

- The types of entrepreneurship include:

Small business entrepreneurship: Involves starting and managing a small business that
provides goods or services to a local market.

Social entrepreneurship: Involves starting and managing a business that has a social or
environmental mission, in addition to generating profits.

Corporate entrepreneurship: Involves creating new products, services, or businesses

within an existing organization.

Technology entrepreneurship: Involves starting and managing a business that is based on

innovative technology or intellectual property

7. What are the traits of entrepreneurship?

- Creativity: The ability to come up with new and innovative ideas.

Passion: A strong desire to succeed and a willingness to put in the time and effort
required to achieve success.

Risk-taking: The willingness to take calculated risks in pursuit of business success.

Resilience: The ability to overcome obstacles and bounce back from failure.

Adaptability: The ability to adapt to changing circumstances and take advantage of new
opportunities.

Resourcefulness: The ability to find creative solutions to problems and make the most of
limited resources.

8. What are the importance of entrepreneurship?

- Driving innovation and economic growth: Entrepreneurs create new products, services,
and processes that drive innovation and economic growth.

Creating jobs: Entrepreneurs create new jobs and contribute to the growth of the
economy.

Fostering competition: Entrepreneurs introduce new ideas and innovations that help to
create more competition in the market.

Addressing social and environmental issues: Social entrepreneurs focus on addressing

social and environmental issues while generating profits.

Encouraging personal and professional development: Entrepreneurship provides

opportunities for personal and professional development and can help individuals
achieve their goals and aspirations.
HANDICRAFTS SLIPPERMAKING
ENTRPRENEURSHIP BY CLASS
 CALENDAR OF PLANTING VEGETABLES

1. AMPALAYA – May to July, September to December, October to March

2. EGGPLANT – May to June, February to September

3. MELON – October to January

4. OKRA – May to June, October to December

5. PATOLA – May to June

6. SQUASH (Kalabasa) – May to June, October to December

7. PEPPER (Lada) – November to March

8. PECHAY – March to May, October to December

9. CUCUMBER – May to June, September to December

DARAGA COMMUNITY COLLEGE

Salvacion,Daraga, Albay
 COMPILATIONS IN TECHNOLOGICAL
And
LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION (TLE)
(Edukasyon Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan)

Name: Magalona, Edgar jr. B.

Year and block No.: II – BEED – 5

SUBMITTED TO:

MRS, HILDA NAVERA

DARAGA COMMUNITY COLLEGE

Salvacion,Daraga, Albay
 COMPILATIONS IN TECHNOLOGICAL
And
LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION (TLE)
(Edukasyon Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan)

Name: Marqueses, Justine Kim

Year and block No.: II – BEED – 5

SUBMITTED TO:

MRS, HILDA NAVERA

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ALBUM

I.

COMPILATIONS IN TECHNOLOGICAL And LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION (TLE)………………………TITLE PAGE

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF T.LE

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
AGRICULTURAL ARTS : (PLANT PRODUCATION AND PLANT PROPAGATION)

ANIMAL PRODUCTION

GARDENING

CALENDAR OF PLANTING VEGETABLES

HANDICRAFTS

BEGINNING OF HOME ECONOMICS

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

II.

HANDICRAFTS: SLIPPER MAKING

ENTREPRENEURSHIP BY CLASS:

ATTENDANCE

WRITTEN ACTIVITY

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ALBUM

I.

COMPILATIONS IN TECHNOLOGICAL And LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION (TLE)………………………TITLE PAGE

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF T.LE

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
AGRICULTURAL ARTS : (PLANT PRODUCATION AND PLANT PROPAGATION)

ANIMAL PRODUCTION

GARDENING

CALENDAR OF PLANTING VEGETABLES

HANDICRAFTS

BEGINNING OF HOME ECONOMICS

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

II.

HANDICRAFTS: SLIPPER MAKING

ENTREPRENEURSHIP BY CLASS:

ATTENDANCE

WRITTEN ACTIVITY