A PROJECT REPORT ON

“A STUDY ON INVESTMENT BEHAVIOUR OF

YOUTH TOWARDS VARIOUS INVESTMENT
AVENUES W.R.T. THANE REGION.”

SUBMITTED TO

UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI FOR PARTIAL

COMPLETION OF THE DEGREE OF

BACHELOR IN COMMERCE (ACCOUNTING AND

FINANCE) UNDER THE FACULTY OF COMMERCE

BY

Ms. Kajal Lalit Mishra

Kajal Lalit mishra
MS. SWAPNALI MOHAN JAMBHALE
ROLL NO. 47
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

PROF. MANOJ SHIVDAS WAGH

SATISH PRADHAN DNYANASADHANA COLLEGE,

THANE OFF EASTERN EXPRESS HIGHWAY,

DNYANASADHANA MARG,THANE 400604. ACADEMIC

YEAR 2020- 2021

 SATISH PRADHAN DNYANASADHANA COLLEGE,

THANE (ARTS, SCIENCE AND COMMERCE)

OFF EASTERN EXPRESS HIGHWAY,

DNYANASADHANA MARG, THANE 400604.

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Ms. Swapnali Mohan Jambhale has worked and duly
completed her Project Work for the degree of Bachelor in Commerce
(Accounting and Finance) under the faculty of Commerce in the subject of
Investment Avenues and her project is entitled, “A study on Investment behavior
of Youth towards various investment avenues w.r.t. Thane region.” under my
supervision.

I further certify that the entire work has been done by the learner under my
guidance and that no part of it has been submitted previously for any Degree
or Diploma of any University.

It is her own work and facts reported by her/his personal findings and
investigations.

Name and Signature of Guiding

Teacher

Date of Submission:

i
 DECLARATION BY LEARNER

I the undersigned Miss. Swapnali Mohan Jambhale here by, declare that the
work embodied in this project work titled “A study on Investment behavior of
Youth towards various investment avenues w.r.t. Thane region.” , forms my
own contribution to the research work carried out under the guidance of Prof.
Manoj Shivdas Wagh is a result of my own research work and has not been
previously submitted to any other university for any other Degree/Diploma to
this or any other University.

Wherever reference has been made to previous works of others, it has been
clearly indicated as such and included in the bibliography.

I, here by further declare that all information of this document has been
obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct.

Name and Signature of the learner

Ms. Swapnali Mohan Jambhale

Certified by:

Name and Signature of the Guiding Teacher.

ii
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

To list who all have helped me is difficult because they are so

numerous and the depth is so enormous.

I would like to acknowledge the following as being idealistic

channels ad fresh dimensions in the completion of this project.

I take this opportunity to thank the University of Mumbai for

giving me chance to do this project.

I would like to thank my Principal, Dr. H. K. CHITTE for

providing the necessary facilities required for the completion of
this project.

I take this opportunity to thank our Coordinator Dr. Shraddha

Mayuresh Bhome for her moral support and guidance.

I would also like to express my sincere gratitude towards my project

guide Prof. Manoj Shivdas Wagh whose guidance and care made
the project successful.

I would like to thank my College Library, for having provided

various reference books and magazines related to my project
especially my parents and peers who supported me throughout my
project.

Swapnali Mohan Jambhale

iii
 TABLE OF THE CONTENT
CHAPTER PARTICULARS PAGE
NO. NO.
1. TITLE PAGE
2. CERTIFICATE i

3. DECLARATION BY LEARNER ii

4. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii

5. INDEX iv-v

6. LIST OF TABLES vi-vii

7. LIST OF ABBREVIATION viii

1. INTRODUCTION 1-28

1.1 Introduction to Investment

1.2 Investment Objectives
1.3 Characteristics of Investment
1.4 Advantages of Investment
1.5 Disadvantages of Investment
1.6 Investment Avenues
1.6.1 Bank Deposits
1.6.2 Equity Shares
1.6.3 Preference Shares
1.6.4 Mutual Funds
1.6.5 Bonds and Debentures
1.6.6 Life Insurance and General Insurance
1.6.7 Real Estate
1.6.8 Gold Investment
1.6.9 Derivatives

iv
 1.6.10 Government Schemes
2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 29-33

2.1 Introduction
2.2 Objectives
2.3 Hypothesis
2.4 Scope of the Study
2.5 Limitation of the study
2.6 Research Methodology
2.6.1 Universe of Research
2.6.2 Method of Sampling
2.6.3 Sample Size
2.6.4 Method of Data Collection
2.6.4.1 Primary Data
2.6.4.2 Secondary Data
2.7 Method of Data Analysis
3. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 34-39

3.1 Review of Research Paper

3.2 Review of Thesis
4. ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF 40-59

DATA
5. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION 60-63

5.1 Findings
5.2 Conclusion
Suggestion 64

BIBLIOGRAPHY 66-68

ANNEXURE

v
 LIST OF TABLES AND DIAGRAMS

Sr. No. Particulars Page

No.

1. Table 4.1 Age group of the respondent 43

2. Table 4.2 Gender of the respondent 44

3. Table 4.3 Educational Qualification 45

4. Table 4.4 occupation wise classification 46

5. Table 4.5 income wise classification 47

6. Table 4.6 shows awareness about investment 48

amongst respondents

7. Table 4.7 shows number of respondents who 49

invest

8. Table 4.8 describes investment experience of the 50

respondents

9. Table 4.9 shows awareness about investment 51

avenues

10. Table 4.10 shows investment option preferred by 52

respondents

vi
11. Table 4.10 shows investment option preferred by 53

respondents table

12. Table 4.12 shows which factor guide investment 54

decision of respondents

13. Table 4.13 shows investment objective of the 55

respondents

14. Table 4.14 shows purpose beyond investment 56

15. Table 4.15 shows considered factor while 57

investing

16. Table 4.16 shows time period preferred for 58

investment by respondent

17. Table 4.17 shows percentage of income 59

respondents ready to invest

18. Table 4.18 Shows source of getting information 60

about Investment Options

vii
 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

Sr. No. Abbreviation Full Forms

1. PCI Per Capita Income
2. PPF Public Provident Fund
3. ELSS Equity Linked Saving Scheme
4. EPF Employee Provident Fund
5. ULIP Unit Linked Insurance Plan
6. LIC Life Insurance Corporation
7. UTI Unit Trust of India
8. PFRDA Pension Fund Regulatory & Development
Authority
9. PMJDY Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana
10. NSC National Saving Certificate
11. FD Fixed Deposit
12. SIP Systematic Investment Plan
13. E-commerce Electronic Commerce

viii
 CHAPTER 1 :
INTRODUCTION

1
1.1 Introduction to Investment

A nation’s productive capacity depends on a healthy capital formation. Robust savings rate
coupled with good capital mobilization are the key macro economic variables, which play
a significant role in economic growth. A nation’s savings and investment propensities also
Play a key role in achieving dynamic stability in the capital market. Per capita income in
India has been on the rise since all of the last decade. With growth in the PCI, Savings and
investment in the country too has shown a northbound movement. At the same time, there
has been a phenomenal rise in the youth population. This has made India the youngest
nation with a demographic dividend appearing to be a reality. This young workforce is
expected to drive the engine of growth.
In economics, investment generally held to mean formation of capital. As such, from a
pure economics point of view, the formation of physical assets is important when
considering investment. By virtue of this the word savings and investment come closer in
meaning than traditionally seen. However a slight difference still remains which is that
while saving is simply setting aside funds for future, investment also involves mobilizing
them so that somebody else may use it for productive purposes
In general terms, investment means the use of money in the hope of making more money.
In finance, investment means the purchase of a financial product or other item of value
with an expectation of favorable future returns. Investment is employing money in different
instruments or assets in the present, with the expectation of a positive rate of return in the
future. In other words investment is the sacrifice in the present in the expectation of a future
gain. The future returns are expected to compensate the time the investors hold the asset,
expected rate of inflation and uncertainty of the future.
For most of the individuals throughout their life, they will be earning and spending
money. Rarely individual's current income exactly balances with their consumption
desires. Sometimes, investor may have more money than they want to spend; at other times,
they may want to purchase more than they can afford. This imbalance will lead an
individual either to borrow or to save to maximize the long run benefit from their income.
And these savings will be used for investment for growth .
Investment of hard earned money is a crucial activity of every human being. Investment

1
is the commitment of funds which have been saved from current consumption with hope
that some money will be received in future. Thus it is a reward for waiting for money saving
of the people is invested in assets depending on their risk and return demands.
Investment plays a key role in the developing economies like India. An investment is an
asset or item acquired with the goal of generating income or appreciation. Appreciation
refers to an increase in the value of an asset over time. In simple words Investment is the
employment of funds with the aim of getting return on it.

The Government of India have taken significant initiatives to strengthen the economic
credentials of the country and make it one of the strongest economies in the world. India is
fast becoming home to start-ups focused on high growth areas such as mobility, E-
commerce, and other vertical specific solutions - creating new markets and driving
innovation. Rise in domestic investments has been one of the biggest contributors to the
India growth story and public and private sector have both enabled and sustained these
investments.

1.2. Investment Objectives

Investment objectives are related to what the client wants to achieve with the
investments portfolios. Generally, the objectives are concerned with risk and return,
which are interdependent, as the risk that you are willing to take, will determine your
returns.

For example, if an elderly widow with little income, wants to invest her life’s savings.
She will primarily be concerned with safety and income. Whereas, a young single lawyer,
with a healthy income and relatively few financial obligations will be more interested in
pursuing growth through her investments.

Depending on the life stage and risk appetite of the investor, there are three main
objectives of investment: safety, growth and income. Every investor invests with a specific
objective in mind, and each investment has its own unique set of benefits and risks. So
individual objective Of investment may vary from one person to another.

2
Following are the objectives of Investment

1.2.1 Safety

Capital preservation is one of the primary reasons people invest their money.
Some investment help Keep hard earned money safe from being eroded with time.
While there is no such thing as an absolutely safe and secure investment or one
that is completely risk free. If your primary objective is safety, you will look for
investments that have a minimal risk level. But then, the safest investments tend
to have the lowest rates of return and may not even keep up with inflation.

1.2.2 Growth

Another common objective of investing money is to ensure that it grows into a

sizable corpus over time. Capital appreciation is generally a long- term goal that
helps people secure their financial future. Growth investors do not seek account
income; their primary objective is capital appreciation. Conservative growth
investors seek maximum growth consistent with a relatively modest degree of risk.
They are willing to accept lower potential returns in exchange for lower risk.

1.2.3 Income

The major objective of every investment is to earn income in the form of

dividend, yield or interest. Suitable securities are those whose prices are relatively
stable but still pay reasonable dividends or interest. The investment should earn
reasonable and expected return on the investment. If your primary objective is
income, you will have to sacrifice a degree of safety in order to increase your
returns. Even the most conservative investors like to have some level of income
in their portfolios just to keep up with the rate of inflation. Example: investing in
stock markets earns a higher return but with higher risk.

3
1.2.4 Tax Exemption

Aside from capital growth or preservation, investor also have another

compelling incentive to consider certain investment options. This motivation
comes in the form of tax benefits offered by the Income Tax Act, 1961. Investing
in options such as Life Insurance Premium, Public Provident Fund (PPF), Equity
Linked Saving Scheme (ELSS), Employee Provident Fund (EPF), Unit Linked
Insurance Plans (ULIPs) can be deducted from your total income. This Has the
effect of reducing taxable income, thereby bringing down tax liability.

1.2.5 Liquidity

In simple terms, liquidity is the accessibility to your investment. This takes into
account how much time it would take for you to access your investment when you
are in need. The process of such a conversion differs from asset to asset. In the case
of your retirement fund, you will not be able to liquidate the funds without the
necessary paperwork that may be time-consuming.
On the other hand, a fund in the money market is very liquid and can be accessed
through a linked cheque book or can be easily transferred to your designated bank
account. Thus, liquidity is the degree to which a security can be, easily and quickly,
bought or sold without having its price affected. Your liquidity is determined by
how fast your investment can be converted into cash.

1.2.6 Returns

Investment is based on the concept of earning returns in the form of regular

income such as yield, interest, dividend or profit on the money you first put in a
fund or spent on an asset purchase. A positive return represents a profit while
negative return marks a loss. A positive return is the profit or money made on an
investment or venture. Likewise a negative return represents a loss or money lost
on an investment or venture. Returns are often annualized for comparison purposes,
while a holding period return calculates the gain or loss during the entire period an
investment was held.

4
1.3 Characteristics of Investment

1.3.1 Risk Factor

Every investment contains certain portion of risk. It is a key feature of investment

which refers to loss of principal, delay in payment of interest and capital etc. Every
investment differs in terms of risk associated with them. Most investors prefer to
invest in less riskier securities.

1.3.2 Expectation of Returns

Return expectation is the main objective of investment. Investors expect

regularity of high and consistent income for their capital. Investment provides
benefits to peoples either in the form of regular yields or through capital
appreciation.

1.3.3 Safety

Investors expect safety for their capital. They desire certainty of return and
protection of their investment or principal amount. Safety is an important feature
of every investment tool that is analyzed before allocating any fund in it.

1.3.4 Liquidity

Liquidity refers to how quickly an investment can be sold or converted into

cash. It simply means easiness with which investment can be sold in the market
without any loss. Most of the investors want to invest in liquid assets.

5
1.3.5 Stability of Income

Investors invest their capital with high expectation of income. So, return on their
investment should be adequate and stable. Investment serves as an efficient tool for
providing periodic and regular income to people. Earning return in the form of
interest and dividends is one of the important objectives of the investment process.
Investors analyses and invest in those that provide a better rate of return at lower
risk.

1.3.6 Safety of Principal

Every investment is subject to fluctuations in its price which is caused due to

changing market conditions. An investment tool is termed as adequate if it ensures
the safety of the principal to investors. It should possess an ability of redemption as
and when required as per the needs of the person. Proper evaluation of distinct
economic and industry trends should be done before deciding the type of
investments.

1.3.7 Capital Appreciation

Capital appreciation is an important feature of every investment tool. Every

investment is expected to rise in its value over a period of time which is a key
determinant for making deploying funds in it. Investors should properly forecast
which assets are expected to appreciate in the future and make timely purchases of
them.

1.3.8 Marketability

Marketability refers to the ease with which the investment securities can be
purchased and sold or can be transferred in the market. This feature of investment
tools determines their value as assets with better marketability are preferred more

6
 by the people looking for the investment.

1.3.9 Purchasing Power Stability

Every investor before making an investment considers the future purchasing

power of their funds. In order to maintain the stability of purchasing power, he
ensures that the money value of the investment should increase in accordance with
rising in price levels to avoid any chance of losing money.

1.3.10 Legality

Investment securities must be evaluated from legal aspects before selecting them.
Only such securities which are approved by law should be chosen as illegal
securities will land investor in trouble. The best way is to do investment in securities
issued by LIC, UTI, and Post office national saving certificates which are legal and
save investors from various troubles.

1.3.11 Wealth Creation

Creation of wealth is another important role played by an investment activity. It

helps investors in wealth creation through appreciation of their capital over the
time. Investment helps in accumulating large funds by selling assets at a much
higher price than the initial purchase price.

1.3.12 Economic Development

Investment activities have an efficient role in the overall development of the

economy. It helps in efficient mobilization of ideal lying resources of peoples into
productive means. Investment serves as a mean for bringing together those who
have sufficient funds and one who are in need of funds. It enables in capital creation

7
 and leads to economic development of the country.

1.3.13 Tax Benefits

It enables peoples in availing various tax benefits and saving their incomes. Under
section 80C of income tax act, individuals can save up to a maximum limit of Rs.
1,50,000. Many peoples prefer to go for an investment for taking numerous tax
exemptions.

1.3.14 Meet Financial Goals

Investment activities support peoples in attaining their long term financial goals.
Individuals can easily grow their funds by investing their money in long term assets.
It serves mainly the purpose of providing financial stability, growing wealth and
keeping people on track at their retirement by providing them with large funds.

1.4 Advantages of Investment

1.4.1 Helps to stay ahead of Inflation

If you don’t invest and grow your money you will actually end up losing
money overtime. This is all thanks to inflation. Inflation is the general increase in
prices that happens every year and the decline in purchasing power of your money.
The rate of inflation can vary widely but historically inflation has averaged to
around 3%. If you invest your money and say, earn a rate of return of 7% on
average, then you will stay way ahead of inflation and will be increase the value
of your money.

1.4.2 Helps to Build Wealth

Putting money into investments, will work harder than it would be just
sitting in a savings account, and investor will also be benefiting from the magic of

8
compounding. There are hundred and one ways to invest and grow your money. If
you are serious about building wealth then you need to create an investing plan
that suits you and your goals.

1.4.3 Gets to early Retirement

In order to have enough money to retire you need to make your money work
for your retirement. Like we illustrated above, leaving your money sitting in saving
will actually work against you as it pays low interest. The more you invest the
more you will be able to take advantage of the power of compound interest.
Compound interest is what happens when you are interest start earning interest. In
this way investing will help you to secure your retirement

1.4.4 Helps to save Taxes

Another advantage of investing is your ability to save on taxes. It enables

peoples in availing various tax benefits and saving their incomes. Under section
80C of income tax act, individuals can save up to a maximum limit of ₹1,50,000
by investing in Life Insurance Premium, public Provident fund that is (PPF),
Equity Linked Mutual Fund, Employee Provident Fund (EPF) etc. Many peoples
prefer to go for an investment for taking numerous tax exemptions.

1.4.5 Helps to meet Financial Goals

One can also consider investing to help grow money to meet other financial
goals. For instance investing for your Child’s education fund, investing for your
retirement, investing to purchase a home, car or any luxury item. When you have
a long term goal of Ten or more years it makes sense to invest that money to help
you reach your goal faster. There are many benefits of investing if you want to
create financial stability, grow your wealth and stay on track for retirement you
need to come up with investing plan that suits your needs and goals.

9
1.4.6 The potential for healthy Returns

While saving means setting aside part of today's money for tomorrow,
investing means putting your money to work to potentially earn a better return over
the longer term. Investment provides regular source of income in the form of
dividend, yield and interest. It also results in profit or capital gains.

1.4.7 Potential for long term returns

While cash is undoubtedly safer than shares, it’s unlikely to grow much, or
find opportunities to grow, in the long run. In the past, investor have found rewards
over longer terms with investments that come with the level of capital risk. That
means the risk that you might lose some or all of the amount you initially invested.
Of course, this rewards are not guaranteed. Volatility in the stock market, when
stock prices change rapidly over a short period of time, isn’t necessarily a bad
thing. In fact, volatility can sometimes offer investment managers the opportunity
to buy attractive shares at a cheaper price and get better returns in the long run.

1.4.8 Tailor to your changing needs

You or an investment manager can design your investment portfolio to achieve

different goals as you go through life, example you may prefer less risky options
as you get older. With careful planning you can tailor your portfolio to reflect your
changing goals and priorities. If you plan on investing over a long time period, you
may want to invest in funds that how growth potential, risky sectors such as
emerging markets, or private equity where you are savings can ride out short term
market changes. If you are approach retirement, you may want to invest in more
income focused options.

10
 1.4.9 Invest to fit your financial Circumstances

As your financial circumstances change over time, you can change how you
invest to suit your needs. You can invest lump sum as and when you can, or smaller
regular amount in a monthly investment plans. If you have the money available,
you can start investing straight away. The sooner you invest, the longer your
investment has to grow. Alternatively, investing a regular amount each month can
help iron out fluctuations in market.

1.5 Disadvantages of Investment

1.5.1 High Expense Ratios and sale charges

A good expense ratio, from the investor's viewpoint, is around 0.5% to 0.75%
for an actively managed portfolio. An expense ratio greater than 1.5% is
considered high. An expense ratio shows how much money is being spent on
administrative costs compared to how much is being invested. So the higher the
expense ratio, the more money is being siphoned off in fees instead of ending up
in your pocket.

1.5.2 Management Abuses

Churning, turnover and window dressing may happen if your manager is

abusing his or her authority. This includes unnecessary trading, excessive
replacement and selling the losers prior to quarter-end to fix the books.

1.5.3 Tax inefficiency

Many investors invest their money for tax reduction purpose, but investors do
not have any choice when it comes to capital gain pay-outs. Due to the turnover,

11
 redemptions, gains and losses in security holdings throughout the year, investors
typically receive distributions from the fund that are an uncontrollable tax event.

1.5.4 Market Volatility

Investment is subjected to many risks since the market is volatile. The shares
of a company fluctuate so many times in just a single day. These price fluctuations
are unpredictable most of the times and the investor sometimes have to face severe
loss due to such uncertainty.

1.5.5 Brokerage, Commission kills Profit

Every time an investor purchase or sells his security; he has to pay some
amount as a brokerage commission to the broker, which kills the profit margin. As
an unavoidable cost, it has an impact on the profits earned by investors. Today, it’s
quite difficult to trade without connecting to a brokerage firm. To ensure service
provision, brokerage firms have to charge fees when it comes to the buying and
selling of financial instruments or assets.

1.5.6 Time consuming

Some investments are time consuming as you have to complete many

formalities in the process of buying the assets or instruments.

1.6 Investment Avenues

Now-a-days a wide range of investment opportunities are available to the investor. These
are primarily bank deposits, corporate deposits, bonds, units of mutual funds, instruments
under National Savings Schemes, pension plans, insurance policies, equity shares etc. All

12
these instruments compete with each other for the attraction of investors. Each instrument
has its own return, risk, liquidity and safety profile. The profiles of households differ
depending upon the income-saving ratio, age of the household’s head, number of
dependents etc. The investors tend to match their needs with the features of the instrument
available for investment. They do have varying degrees of preferences for savings vehicles.

Every investor tends to keep some cash balance and maintain a certain amount in the form
of bank deposit to meet his/her transaction and precautionary needs. In the case of salaried
people, contributions to Employees Provident Fund become compulsory. Life Insurance is
widely preferred to meet situations arising out of untimely deaths of the bread earner.
Besides these needs, the surplus income (savings) awaits investment in alternative financial
assets. Investors have to take decisions relating to their investment in competing assets/
avenues. An investor has a wide array of investment avenues, which may be classified as
below.

➢ Bank Deposits

➢ Equity Shares

➢ Preference Shares

➢ Mutual Funds

➢ Bonds and Debentures

➢ Life Insurance and General Insurance

➢ Real Estate

➢ Gold Investment

➢ Derivatives

➢ Government Schemes

13
1.6.1 Bank Deposits

A deposit is a financial term that means money held at a bank. A deposit is a transaction
involving a transfer of money to another party for safekeeping. A bank deposit in balls the
placement of funds into an account with a bank. Primarily, banks offer two kinds of deposit
accounts. These are demand deposits like current/saving account and term deposits like
fixed or recurring deposits. When you open a deposit account in a bank, you become an
account holder or a depositor. Saving accounts are used to meet daily on-demand
requirements of cash. For example, you hold a saving bank account with the bank having
cheque book facility. Banks offer lower interest rates on saving account as compared to
term deposits. It is because of this reason, investors opt for term deposit accounts. A term
deposit account is used to hold money for a fixed period of time. Banks offer lower interest
rates on saving account as compared to term deposits. It is because of this reason, investors
opt for term deposit accounts. A term deposit account is used to hold money for a fixed
period of time. In return for this the bank page interest on the term deposits.
➢ Advantages:
• Security
• Widespread availability
• Easy access to money
• Earn returns on bank account
• Inculcate habit of saving
• Easy Liquidation
• Loans against Fixed Deposits
• Flexible Tenure
➢ Disadvantages:
• Minimum balance requirement
• Federal Withdrawal limits
• Low interest rates
• Access and availability
• Rates can change
• Inflation

14
 • Compounded interest

1.6.2 Equity Shares

Equity shares are long-term financing sources for any company. These shares are
issued to the general public and are non-redeemable in nature. Investors in such shares
hold the right to vote, share profits and claim assets of a company. The value in c ase of
equity shares can be expressed in various terms like par value, face value, book value
and so on. Equity shares yield the highest returns on total investment in the stock
market. However, it has the highest amount of risks associated as well, which do not
bore well with risk-averse investors. Alternative investment options in the form of debt
instruments can be undertaken by them, which have lower risk burden. However, the
returns generated by these securities tend to be smaller as well, reducing the chances of
substantial capital gains. Equities are more suitable for investors who are willing to take
a risk with their investments. Those who are constrained by the limitations in time or
experience in the money-market can also lean towards equity mutual fund investments
for moderate to high returns. It is, however, crucial for investors to gauge their risk
appetite before investing in the equity market to ensure that they make sound financial
decisions.
➢ Advantages:
• High returns
• Hedge against Inflation
• Ease of Investment
• Diversification of investment Portfolio
• Dividend
• Capital Gain
• Limited Liability
• Exercise Control
• Claim over Assets and Liability
• Claim over Assets and Income
• Right Shares and Bonus Shares

15
 • Liquidity

➢ Disadvantages:
• High Market Risk
• Performance related Risk
• Risk of Inflation
• Liquidity Risk
• Risk arising out of Political Changes
• Risk due to Social Changes
• Fluctuations in Market Price
• Limited Control
• Residual Claim
• High Cost

1.6.3 Preference Shares

Preference shares also commonly known as preferred stock, is a special type of share
where dividends are paid to shareholders prior to the issuance of common stock
dividends. Ergo, preference share holders hold preferential rights over common
shareholders when it comes to sharing profits. Consequently, if a company lands into
bankruptcy, preference shareholders are issued dividends first or have the first right to
the company’s assets before common stock investors. For preference shareholders, the
dividend is fixed however, they don’t hold voting rights as opposed to common
shareholders. Investors who have been in the stock market for longer than most go after
preference share types. The dividends earned on these shares are significantly higher
than ordinary shares. Their popularity can be established by the fact that
many preference shareholders do not own any other stock except for this variety. Over
the last few years, as the bear market run continues globally, more investors are looking

16
towards preference shares as a viable means of gaining significant returns in the long
run.
➢ Advantages:
• Appeal to cautious Investors
• Dividends are paid first to preference shareholders
• Preference shareholders have a prior claim on business assets.
• Add-on Benefits for Investors
• Higher and Fixed rate of dividend
• Potential premium from callable shares
• Ability to convert preferred stock to common stock

➢ Disadvantages:
• No voting Rights
• No legal obligation for Dividend
• No charge on assets
• Low returns
• Fear of redemption
• Interest rate risk
• Risk of Corporate Insolvency
• Liquidation Risk

1.6.4 Mutual Funds

A Mutual Fund is a common pool of money into which investors invest the money with
common investment objective in accordance with stated investment objective. It is not
an alternative investment option to shares and bonds rather it pulls the savings of
investors and invest this money in various investment avenues. So it serves as a link

17
between investors and securities. Mutual fund a systematic investment plan which works
as a collective investment vehicle. Mutual funds are an excellent investment option for
individual investors to get exposure to expert managed portfolios. Also, one can diversify
their portfolio by investing in mutual funds as the asset allocation would cover several
instruments. Investors would be allocated with fund units based on the amount they spend.
Each investor would hence experience profits or losses that are proportional to their
investment. The main intention of the fund manager is to provide optimum returns to
investors by investing in securities that are in sync with the fund’s objectives.
The performance of mutual funds is dependent on the underlying assets.
➢ Advantages:
• Simple to Invest
• Professionally Managed
• Offers Diversification
• Conveniently Administrated
• Gives Higher Returns
• Low cost management
• Offers Liquidity
• Provides Transparency
• Highly regulated
• Small Ticket Size

➢ Disadvantages:
• Mutual Funds are subject to market risk
• No guarantee returns
• Diversification may not maximize returns
• Selecting right financial security is not easy
• Cost management not proportional to performance
• Unethical practices may creep in
• Hidden or 12b-1 fees of Mutual fund

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1.6.5 Bonds and Debentures

Whether it may be a small enterprise, an established company or the Government itself,

the need for money to make it run is ever accepted. Borrowing is one of the most common
ways of availing the needful fund. There are many ways different ways to borrow money
among which Bonds and Debentures are the prominent ones. A bond and debenture both
are debt instrument issued by the government or companies. Both of these are fundraising
tools for the issuer. Bonds are generally issued by the government, the agencies of
government or by large corporations whereas debentures are issued by public companies
to raise money from the market. Sometimes both the words are used interchangeably but
both are distinctly different.

1.6.5.1 Bonds: A bond is a secured investment as it is secured by collaterals. In bonds, an

asset is pledged as the security of lending so that if the issuer fails to pay the sum, the
bondholders can sell the asset to discharge their debts.
➢ Advantages:
• Low volatility
• Safety of principal
• High interest and dividend
• Liquidity
• Fixed periodic interest payment
• Legal protection
• Liquidation preference over investor

➢ Disadvantages:
• Interest risk
• Prepayment risk
• Credit risk
• Reinvestment risk

19
 • Liquidity risk

1.6.5.2 Debentures: A debenture is another form of debt fund which is generally unsecured
in nature. Both the bonds and debentures are fundraisers but debentures are more specific
in nature. Debentures are not backed by any of the assets of the issuer hence depends only
on the faith factors of the investor on the issuer. Debentures are issued by the issuer for
any specific need such as upcoming expenses or to pay for expansions. The capital raised
here is borrowed capital hence the debenture holders are treated as creditors of the
company.
➢ Advantages:
• Fixed and regular source of income
• Stable prices
• Secured investment
• Floating charge on assets
• Superior creditors in the event of liquidation
• Definite maturity.
• More liquid
➢ Disadvantages:
• Don’t carry any voting right
• No claim on asset and profit
• Interest is taxable
• Market price fluctuations
• Uncertainty about Redemption

1.6.6 Life Insurance and General Insurance

It is a generally acknowledged phenomenon that there are enormous risks in every
sphere of life. For property, there are fire risks; for shipment of goods, there are perils
of sea; for human life, there are risks of death or disability; and so on. The chances of
occurrences of the events causing losses are quite uncertain because these may or may

20
not take place. In other words, our life and property are not safe and there is always a
risk of losing it. A simple way to cover this risk of loss money-wise is to get life and
property insured.
Life insurance and general insurance are two different forms of insurances. General
insurance covers any other risk except for life-risk of the person injured. Life Insurance
covers only the life-risk of the person insured. Life insurance gives a pay-out in case
the policyholder dies, whereas in case of a general insurance, pay-outs is made in the
event of an unexpected loss such as an accident or a theft or a sudden liability. Life
insurance is a long-term contract and requires you to pay the premiums in monthly
instalments.

1.6.6.1 Life Insurance:

Insurance is the claimed to be the best option for investment. It is a form of
investment that is stable as long as the premiums are paid. In case of life insurance, for
example, your beneficiary will obtain a death benefit upon an event of your untimely
demise. This benefit is called "face value" and the premiums that need to be paid should
surpass its value. The additional funds go into an account and are invested by the
insurance corporation on your behalf, which means that if the insurance investment is
profitable, the cash account will augment over the years. There are different types of
insurances; it is essential to familiarize with them prior to opting. As with any kind of
investment insurance investment option also has its benefits and detriments.

➢ Advantages:
• Income guaranteed through annuities
• Dividend enable growth
• Risk guard
• Text benefit
• Mortgage Recovery
• Perfect cover for your family
• Can provide peace of mind
• Eliminate dependency

21
 ➢ Disadvantages:
• Inconsistent Premiums
• Deduction of funds
• Insufficient Funds
• Expiration of term insurance
• Language of premium

1.6.6.2 General Insurance:

General insurance or non-life insurance policies, including automobile and homeowners
policies, provide payments depending on the loss from a particular financial event.
General insurance is typically defined as any insurance that is not determined to be life
insurance. General insurance covers home, your travel, vehicle, and health (non-life
assets) from fire, floods, accidents, man-made disasters, and theft.
➢ Advantages:
• Covers property
• Protect against liability
• Replaces Income
• Can provide peace of mind
• Short term coverage
• Long term coverage
• Shares risk
• Economic Protection

➢ Disadvantages:
• Slow payment of claims
• Adds expense
• Can be expensive
• Does not compensate all type of losses
• Lengthy legal formalities for compensation
• Higher Premiums

22
1.6.7 Real Estate
Real estate sector is one of the most globally recognized sectors. It comprises of four
sub sectors - housing, retail, hospitality, and commercial. The growth of this sector is well
complemented by the growth in the corporate environment and the demand for office space
as well as urban and semi-urban accommodations. The construction industry ranks third
among the 14 major sectors in terms of direct, indirect and induced effects in all sectors of
the economy. Real estate investing involves the purchase, ownership, management, rental
and/or sale of real estate for profit. Improvement of realty property as part of a real
estate investment strategy is generally considered to be a sub-specialty of real estate
investing called real estate development. Real estate is an asset form with
limited liquidity relative to other investments (such as stocks or bonds that openly trade
on financial markets). It is also capital intensive (although capital may be gained
through mortgage leverage) and is highly cash flow dependent. A real estate entrepreneur
or a real estate investor to a lesser extent is someone who actively or passively invests in
real estate. An active investor may buy a property, make repairs and/or improvements to
the property, and sell it later for a profit.

➢ Advantages:
• Real Estate can be easier to understand
• Real Estate is improvable
• Real Estate is a hedge against inflation
• Real Estate properties exist in an inefficient market
• Real Estate can be financed and leveraged
• Saves Income Tax
• Instantaneous dual Income
• Allows Diversification of assets

➢ Disadvantages:
• Higher transaction cost
• Low liquidity

23
 • Requires management and maintenance
• Significant Inefficiencies in market
• Created Liability
• Capital gain tax is applicable

1.6.8 Gold Investment

There are a plethora of precious metals, but gold is placed in high regard as an
investment. Due to some influencing factors such as high liquidity and inflation-beating
capacity, gold is one of the most preferred investments in India. Gold investment can be
done in many forms like buying jewellery, coins, bars, gold exchange-traded funds, Gold
funds, sovereign gold bond scheme, etc. Though there are times when markets see a fall
in the prices of gold but usually it doesn’t last for long and always makes a strong upturn.
With the stock markets swinging in the extremes this year due to the economic impact
of the pandemic, most investors were prompted to find ways to hedge their portfolios.
During this period, one asset started gaining traction – Gold.

➢ Advantages:
• Hedge against inflation
• Liquidity
• Diversification
• Holds its value over a long period of time
• Most desired commodity
• Can avail loan
➢ Disadvantages:
• Gold is not a passive investment
• Gold is difficult to store
• Price correction can lead to losses
• No steady income
• Gold Jewellery
• Price set by international market

24
1.6.9 Derivatives

Derivatives are secondary securities whose value is solely based (derived) on the value of
the primary security that they are linked to–called the underlying. Typically, derivatives
are considered advanced investing.
There are two classes of derivative products: "lock" and "option." Lock products (e.g.
swaps, futures, or forwards) bind the respective parties from the outset to the agreed-upon
terms over the life of the contract. Option products (e.g. stock options), on the other hand,
offer the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell the underlying asset or
security at a specific price on or before the option's expiration date. While a derivative's
value is based on an asset, ownership of a derivative doesn't mean ownership of the asset.
Futures contracts, forward contracts, options, swaps, and warrants are commonly used
derivatives.

➢ Advantages
• Lock in price
• Hedging risk exposure
• Underlying asset price determination
• Market efficiency
• Access to unavailable assets

➢ Disadvantages
• High risk
• Speculative Features
• Counter party risk
• Under lying asset price determination

25
1.6.10 Government Schemes

There are various schemes launched by the Government of India that help in
strengthening the financial stability of the people. These government schemes
initiates saving and investment habit among individuals. All these schemes are
known for their long-term benefits, attractive interest rates and tax
exemption. Mentioned below are the top seven government schemes that are best
suited for the citizens of India:

1.6.10.1 Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana:

Launched in 2015, it is a savings scheme for girl child that was
launched as a part of the 'Beti Bachao Beti Padhao' campaign. This scheme is
popular amongst the citizens of India due to its tax benefit under section 80C
of the Income Tax Act. One can invest a minimum amount of Rs 1,000 and a
maximum of Rs 1.5 lakh per annum in this scheme. In addition to this, the
account under this scheme is operative for 21 years from the date of opening.

1.6.10.2 National Pension Scheme:

It is a government-backed scheme that was launched in 2004 for the
government employees. Further, this scheme was opened to all the citizens
of India in 2009. This scheme is one of the best retirement saving plans in
which a person in the age group of 18 to 60 can make investments. Under
this scheme, the investor can allot his/her funds in equity, corporate bonds
and government securities, and investments up to Rs 50,000 is liable for
deduction under Section 80CCD (1B). However, additional investments of
up to Rs 1,50,000 is liable for tax deduction under section 80C of the Income
Tax Act.

1.6.10.3 Public Provident Fund:

PPF is one of the most popular long-term investment schemes backed
by the Government of India. This scheme offers attractive rate of inter est and

26
 the returns earned from this scheme are fully exempted from tax. In this
scheme, the investor can claim a tax deduction up to Rs 1.5 lakh under section
80C of the Income Tax Act.

1.6.10.4 National Savings Certificate:

It is a fixed investment savings scheme that can be opened in a post office.
The minimum amount required to be invested in this scheme is Rs 100
whereas there is no maximum limit of investment. Investments of up to Rs
1.5 lakh are eligible for tax deduction under section 80C of the Income Tax
Act. Besides, this scheme comes with 2 maturity periods i.e. 5 years and 10
years.

1.6.10.5 Atal Pension Yojana:

Launched in the year 2015, Atal Pension Yojana is a guaranteed pension
scheme which is operative under the Pension Fund Regulatory and
Development Authority (PFRDA). This scheme encourages individuals from
the weaker section to choose a pension plan for a better future. Citizens
within the age group of 18 to 40 years who have an account in a bank or post
office can apply for this scheme. Moreover, the investor gets a guaranteed
pension ranging from Rs 1,000 to Rs 5,000 on the basis of the investment
amount and tenure of the scheme.

1.6.10.6 Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana:

Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) was announced on August
15, 2014, by the Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi. The main aim of
this scheme is to provide financial services and products to individuals who
do not have access to a bank account. An Indian resident who is 18 years or
above can open an account under this scheme. Under this Yojana, an
individual can open a zero balance account. However, if one wants to avail
the cheque facility then it is mandatory to maintain the minimum balance as

27
 per the norms of the bank. In addition to this, overdraft facility is allowed to
the investor after satisfactory operation of the account for 6 months.

1.6.10.7 Kisan Vikas Patra:

Kisan Vikas Patra is a saving certificate scheme sponsored by the

Government of India. Initially this scheme was introduced only for farmers
but now is open to all. The tenure of the Kisan Vikas Patra scheme is 112
months which is equal to nine years and four months. One can make a
minimum investment of Rs 1,000 while there is no upper limit. However, no
tax benefit can be gained from this scheme but one can held this scheme as a
collateral for a bank loan.

28
 CHAPTER 2 :
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

29
Research Methodology
2.1 Introduction:
Investment is the cost of certain present value for the uncertain future reward in
other words investment refers to assurance of funds to one or more assets that will be held
over some future time period anything not used today but saved For future use can be
termed as investment. One also needs to understand that investment is not gambling,
gambling is putting money at risk by betting on uncertain outcome with the hope that you
might win money. It requires arriving at number of decisions such as type, mix, amount,
timing, grade etc. of investments and disinvestments. Moreover, such decision making has
not only to be continuous but rational too. An investment decision is a trade-off between
risk and return. All investment decisions are made at a point of time in accordance with the
personal investment ends and in thought of uncertain future.
Today when a number of Government and non government investment options
are available at the doorstep of the investors, attitude of investor towards an investment an
avenue influences the investing decision of the investor. Investors in today's scenario are
mostly driven by the lucrative returns of the various investing avenues and the
attractiveness that it holds besides the basic aim of the investor to invest. It is of great
significance to understand what an investor think, perceive and act so that the avenues can
be accepted as per the investing requirement and it further helps to establish a fruitful return
in the future as per the goal of the investor. An investor shows positive attitude for the
avenues whose return are closer to the investor’s goals.

2.2 Objectives:
• To understand Investment behavior of youth towards various Investment avenues.
• To study the advantages and disadvantages of commonly used investment avenues.
• To analyze the factor that influence investment behavior of people.
• To identify the most preferred investment option.

30
2.3 Hypothesis:
1. H0: There is no significant relationships between Investor’s demographic
profile and choice of investment avenues.

2. H1: There is significant relationships between Investor’s demographic

profile and choice of investment avenues.

2.4 Scope of the study:

This study was mainly conducted to understand the various investment of news
available for people and also to understand the preferred investment Avenue by youngsters.
The study also looks over the factors which influences investment decision. It also
highlights the future research scope and that space is infinite for the research. each of the
resultant idea can be extended over the geographical areas to consider the various
geographical choices. There are many emerging investment way avenues are available in
market. Similar research can extended to compare investment options and a wide range of
factors can be compared.

2.5 Limitations of the study:

Due to refrainment of time and resources the study is likely to suffer from certain
limitations. some of them are mentioned below so that the findings of the study are
understood in proper perspective. The limitation of the study are
▪ Some of the respondents feel hesitated to reveal the personal details.
▪ Some of the respondents are not interested in answering the question because of
interruption of work.
▪ This study has been limited to Thane and Mumbai city only.
▪ The research was conducted to limited sample size that is of 100 respondents.

31
2.6 Research Methodology:
Research may be broadly defined as a systematic gathering of data and information
and its analysis for advancement of knowledge in any subject. Research attempts to find
answer of intellectual and practical questions through application of systematic methods.
Research methodology is a way to systematically solve the research problem it may be
understood as a science of studying how research is done scientifically. It is necessary for
the researcher to know not only the research methods/techniques but also the methodology.
The logic behind taking research methodology into consideration is that one can have
knowledge about the method and procedure adopted for achievement of objectives of the
project. With the adoption of this others can evaluate the results also. Its main aim is to
keep the researchers on the right track. This study is conducted to understand various
investment avenues available in market and behavior of youngsters course this commonly
used investment avenues. , For research work, primary as well as secondary data was
collected. A structured question year was used to collect data from respondents. A
questionnaire was developed for the study and analysis of investment behavior. Secondary
data was collected from books, research papers, articles published in Journal and literature
from websites.
2.6.1 Universe of Research
The research universe was Thane and Mumbai city. The response were collected
from young people.
2.6.2 Method of Sampling
Simple random sampling has been used as a method of sampling. Simple random
sampling is a sampling technique where every item in the population has an even chance
and likelihood of being selected in the sample. Here the selection of items completely
depends on chance or by probability and therefore this sampling technique is also
sometimes known as a method of chances.
2.6.3 Sample Size
Keeping in mind all the constraints the size of the sample of my study was selected
as 100. The sample size was classified on the basis of age, gender, education qualification,
occupation of the respondents.

32
2.6.4 Method of Data Collection
Data plays an important role in research. Data forms the basis of the study. It
provides The facts and figures or information which is collected systematically in order to
draw conclusion or answer to particular problem. Data was collected by using two methods
i.e. Primary Data and Secondary Data.
2.6.4.1 Primary Data:
There are number of sources of primary data from which the information can be
collected. I choose the following resources for my research.
Questionnaire: I have done my research by using a set of some simple questions and
requested the respondents to answer these Questions with correct information. The
questionnaire was prepared by using Survey Heart mobile application. This
questionnaire was send to the respondents through various social networking
applications such as WhatsApp, Facebook, Telegram, Gmail etc.
2.6.4.2 Secondary Data:
Secondary data relevant to the study is gathered from books, research papers,
articles published in Journal and literature from websites. The secondary data
collected is aimed for the reference purpose.
2.7 Method of data analysis
The data analyzing techniques used were bar graphs, pie charts, percentage method
and column method. The data collected from primary source is represented by using bar
diagrams, graphs, pie charts, etc.

33
 CHAPTER 3:
REVIEW OF LITERATURE

34
3.1 Review of Literature Research Papers
Prof. Dr. Vinita Pimpale (2015)
In their research paper on Investment Pattern of youth in India with particular
reference to Mumbai. She had studied preference of youth towards investment
options. Study shown that youngster are shifting from traditional investment
options like Fixed Deposit and Post Office schemes, as they don’t want to block
their funds and want more returns. Tax saving is one of the reason behind
investment by youth. Mutual Funds in the form of Systematic Investment Plan
(SIP) are opted by the youth. Youngsters are learning from social media platforms
such as Facebook, Twitter, linkdin etc.

Dr. Ajaz Ahmad Bhat (2018)

In their article “Preference of youth towards Financial Investment (A case
study of District Anantnag, Jammu and Kashmir).” He studied preference of youth
and study shown, youngsters are aware about financial investment. Youth in this
region is interested in Real Estate investment and Gold investment. Study also
shown that education plays pivotal role in investing.

Sonali Patil, Dr. Kalpana Nandawar (2014)

In their Research paper “A study on preferred Investment avenues among
salaried people with reference to Pune, India.” In this study researchers has taken
40 respondents of Pune city it shows 60% investors are aware about investment
avenues. Men are more aware about investment. There is no relationship between
Income level and awareness. Study also shows that there is no relation between
educational qualification and awareness. Investors gives importance to future
security, so safety and tax saving are the main objectives behind investment.
Investors are self aware and they give first preference to Bank Deposits.

35
Mahalakshmi Kumar, Dr. Rajesh Mankani (2017)
In their research “A study of level of awareness regarding Investment Avenues
among educated working women with special reference to Mumbai city.” The
researchers have studied women’s awareness about investment avenues. The study
shown that educated women are aware about investment avenues. Education plays
a key role in building habit of earning, saving and investing. Education also
empower women to be financially independent and to make their own decisions.

U. M. Gopal Krishna, Aliya Sultana. T Naraya Reddy (2019)

“Investors perception towards investment avenues.” The study Explored that
investors preference towards investment avenues is mainly depend on the
objectives such as Risk, Return, Safety and Liquidity of the investment. Share
jmarket investors are more interested in returns while taking risk. Investors who
want regular income while taking moderate risk. Risk averse investors go for
investing in Mutual Fund.

Manikandan A, Dr. Muthumeenakshi M (2017)

“Perception of investors towards the investment pattern on different
Investment avenues.” In this research paper, the researcher studied earlier research
work based on preference of investors towards the investment avenues to get an
idea about investment pattern. Study concluded that though there are various
investment options available in market, investor’s first preference is towards
investing in Bank Deposits. As they want safe and long term growth. Most of the
individual are unaware about investing in Mutual Funds.

Satveer Kaur, Dr. Joginder Singh (2018)

“A study of Investors behavior towards the investment alternative with special
reference to Ludhiana city.” The study explored that safety and tax saving are the
main objectives behind investment. Investor’s first preference is towards Bank
Saving account, then comes Life Insurance followed by Fixed Deposits. Investors

36
prefer to invest in public sector for safety. But least preference has been given to
Government Securities, Bonds, Debentures and Forex Market.

Gowari Nair, Provitha N. R. (2015)

“A study on investment behaviour with special reference to kollam
Corporation.” The researchers studied investment awareness amongst youth as
well as their preference towards investment options. Fixed Deposit is the most
preferred investment option, women are investing in gold. Recurring deposit is
also preferred for regular savings. Post office schemes are also chosen as a safer
option. Last preference is given to the chit funds.

K. Parimalakanthi, Dr. M. Ashok Kumar (2015)

“A study on investment preference and behaviour of individual investors in
coimbatore city.” Study explored that education plays a crucial role in investing
for that day investors in coimbatore. Investors gather information from different
sources mainly through Internet before investing. Most of the investor prefer to
invest in saving account along with gold and silver, fixed deposit and likewise.

Jain Priyanka, Tripathi L. K. (2019)

“Investment behavior : An analytical review.” This analysis examined the
published work relating to individual investor behavior. The study examined
various variables that direct an investor’s decision to invest. There are many
factors which influence investment decisions of investors, such as age, income,
marital status, educational qualification, risk bearing capacity, liquidity
preferences, investment experience, lifestyle, level of confidence. Investment
behavior changes from person to person.

37
Ms. Priya Kansal, Dr. Seema Singh
“Investment behaviour of Indian investors: Gender Biasness.” In their research
they have explored that women’s role in society changing from last decades.
Nowadays women are also taking financial decisions as man do. Researches found
that women’s decision is not different than men’s decision. Due to increased
educational qualification level many changes has occurred in the investment
activities of both women and men.

Ajay Singh, Rahul Sharma (2016)

“Financial literacy and its impact on investment behaviour for effective
financial planning.” In their research they have studied effect and importance of
financial literacy in overall financial planning. Researchers found that there is a
need of financial literacy in the society to develop an inside for taking effective
investment decisions. It also shows that level of knowledge level of interest and
level of commitment are important factors in investment. Demographic factors
such as age, marital status etc. also influences financial planning.

N. Geetha, Dr. M. Ramesh (2011)

“A study on peoples preference in investment behaviour.” In their research
paper researcher studied investment choices of people in Kurumbalur. In this
region people are aware about traditional options of investing such as Bank
Deposit, NSC, PPF, insurance. So they prefer to invest in those avenues people in
Kurumbalur were not aware about Stock Market, Equity Bonds and Debentures.
Overall study shown that people are moderately aware about investment options.

Sameer S. Manek (2017)

“Investment behaviour of professional people of Rajkot city.” In this research
paper researcher has tried to analyze the behavior of professional people about
their investment options and their attitude towards earning better return out of their
income. It is found that people want maximum return with minimum risk.

38
Investment perspective changes in accordance with time and economic
development. At that time mutual funds are preferred by the people who are ready
to take risk. Risk averse people who want safety invest in fixed deposits.

Ishwara P (2014)
“Investment behaviour and satisfaction of salaried employees : A study with
reference to selected employees in Mangalore city.” The research is conducted to
study investment behavior of salaried class employee and to measure and to assess
satisfaction level of salaried class employees towards various investment avenues.
It is found that most of the respondents are satisfied towards their investment in
physical asset. Respondents are list satisfied towards marketable securities. It is
suggested to organize financial literacy campaign to spread awareness amongst
jpeople.

Review of Thesis:
Subhashish Mandal (2016-18)
“A study on Indian investors investments and analysis of their
behaviour on various investment avenues in India”
The purpose of the analysis was to determine the investment behaviour
of investors and investment preference for the same. it is an attempt to know
the profile of the investor and to know the characteristics of the investors. The
study also focuses on unraveling the influence of demographic factors like age
on risk tolerance level of the investor. Researcher observed that people in rural
area are happy with traditional investment, their risk tolerance is low so they
have fear and myths about capital market. Overall study shown that people are
conservative about their investment.

39
 CHAPTER 4 :
ANALYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION OF DATA

40
 Analysis And Interpretation of Data

Data analysis and interpretation is the process of assigning meaning to the collected
information and determining the conclusions, significance, and implications of the
findings. The steps involved in data analysis are a function of the type of information
collected, however, returning to the purpose of the assessment and the assessment
questions will provide a structure for the organization of the data and a focus for the
analysis.
Data analysis is the most crucial part of any research. Data analysis summarizes
collected data. It involves the interpretation of data gathered through the use of analytical
and logical reasoning to determine patterns, relationships or trends.
In this chapter. The data collected were systemically processed, tabulated and
made suitable for analysis and interpretations, it was a study on Investment behavior of
youth towards various investment avenues w.r.t. Thane region through data collected by
questionnaire. The results obtained were classified, tabulated and the following analysis
were performed in fulfilling the objectives of the study.

41
 1. Age wise Analysis

Table 4.1 Age group of the respondent

Age group of respondent Frequency Percentage
Below 20 25 25%
Between 20-30 72 72%
Between 30-40 0 0
Above 40 3 3%
Total 100 100%

Source : By Primary Data

Chart 4.1 Age group of the respondent

Frequency
80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
Below 20 Between 20-30 Between 30-40 Above 40

Frequency

Interpretation: The above table represents age wise analysis maximum responses
were from the age group 20 to 30. Thereafter maximum responses were from age group
below 20. As the study was conducted to analyze the behavior of youngsters towards
investment. The more responses are collected from young people.

42
2. Gender wise Analysis
Table 4.2 Gender of the respondent
Gender Frequency Percentage
Female 68 68%
Male 30 30%
Prefer not to say 2 2%
Total 100 100%

Source: By Primary Data

Chart 4.2 Gender of the respondent

Frequency

Female Male Prefer not to say 4th Qtr

Interpretation: As the table shows that 60% respondents were female and 30%
respondents were male out of total 100 respondents. We can say that females are
more aware about investment avenues.

43
 3. Education wise classification of respondents

Table 4.3 Educational Qualification

Sr. No. Educational Qualification Frequency Percentage
1. Under Graduate 83 83%
2. Graduate 14 14%
3 Post Graduate 3 3%
Total 100 100%

Source: By Primary Data

Chart 4.3 Educational Qualification

Frequency
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Under Graduate Graduate Post Graduate

Frequency

Interpretation: The above table shows the education wise qualification of the
respondents. respondents included undergraduate graduate and postgraduate
respondents. The survey included 83% undergraduate, 14% Graduate and 3%
respondents are postgraduate out of total 100 respondents.

44
 4. Occupation wise analysis

Table 4.4 Occupation wise classification of respondents

Sr. No. Occupation Frequency Percentage
1. Salaried 23 23%
2. Housewife 2 2%
3. Student 72 72%
4. Prefer not to say 3 3%
Total 100 100%

Source: By Primary Data

Chart 4.4 Occupation wise classification of respondents

Frequency
80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
Salaried Housewife Student Prefer not to say

Frequency

Interpretation: This table indicates that majority of the respondents belongs to the
student category that is 72% while 23% of the respondents are from salaried category.
2% respondents are housewives and 3% respondent prefer not to say their occupation.

45
 5. Income wise analysis

Table 4.5 Income wise Classification of respondents

Sr. No. Income Level Frequency Percentage
1. Below ₹200000 70 70%
2. Between ₹200000-₹400000 15 15%
3. Between ₹400000-600000 4 4%
4. Above ₹ 600000 - -
5. Prefer not to say 11 11%
Total 100 100%

Source: By Primary Data

Chart 4.5 Income wise Classification respondents

Frequency
80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
Below ₹200000 Between ₹200000- Between ₹400000- Above ₹ 600000 Prefer not to say
₹400000 600000

Frequency

Interpretation: This table shows income wise classification of the respondents.

Majority of the respondents are from income category of below ₹2,00,000. 15% of the
respondents are from ₹2,00,000 to ₹4,00,000 income category and 4% respondents are
from ₹4,00,000 to ₹6,00,000 income group. 11% respondents haven't disclosed their
income group.

46
 6. Do you know about Investment?

Table 4.6 Shows awareness about Investment amongst respondents

Sr. No. Answer Frequency Percentage
1. Yes 85 85%
2. No 15 15%
Total 100 100%

Source: By Primary Data

Chart 4.6 Shows awareness about Investment amongst respondents

Frequency

Yes No

Interpretation: The above table denotes that 85% of the respondents are aware about
investment that is the know about investment. And only 15% respondents don’t know
about investment so we can say that respondents are aware about investment.

47
 7. Do you Invest?

Table 4.7 Shows number of respondents who invest

Sr. No. Answer Respondents Percentage
1. Yes 38 38%
2. No 62 62%
Total 100 100%

Source: By Primary Data

Chart 4.7 Shows number of respondents who invest

Respondents

Yes No

Interpretation: The above table shows the number of respondents who invest their
income. Majority of the respondents haven’t invest yet, as most of the respondents are
students and not earning until now. 38% of the respondents invest their income.

48
 8. What describe your investment experience?

Table 4.8 Describes investment experience of the respondents

Sr. No. Experience Frequency Percentage
1. Beginning 59 59%
2. Moderate 6 6%
3. Knowledgeable 25 25%
4. Experienced 4 4%
5. No answer 6 6%
Total 100 100%

Source: By Primary Data

Chart 4.8 Describes investment experience of the respondents

Frequency
70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
Beginning Moderate Knowledgeable Experienced No answer

Frequency

Interpretation: The table indicates experience of the respondents in investing.

Majority of the investors that is 59% of the respondents are beginners for the investing.
25% respondents are having knowledge about investment. 6% respondent are
moderately experienced in investing and 4% are experienced.

49
 9. Are you aware of the following Investment avenues?

Table 4.9 Shows awareness about Investment avenues amongst respondents

Sr. No. Investment Avenue Frequency Percentage
1. Bank Deposits 75 17.65%
2. Equity Shares 38 9.00%
3. Preference Shares 32 7.53%
4. Mutual Fund 50 11.76%
5. Bonds & Debentures 31 7.29%
6. Life Insurance & General Insurance 57 13.41%
7. Real Estate 43 10.12%
8. Gold Investment 49 11.53%
9. Derivatives 12 2.82%
10. Government Schemes 38 9%

Source: By Primary Data

Chart 4.9 Shows awareness about Investment avenues amongst respondents

20.00%
Frequency

10.00%

0.00%

Frequency

Interpretation: This table shows the awareness among the respondents about various
investment avenues. Respondents are more aware about bank deposit that is 17.65%.
13.49% awareness is about life insurance. Respondents are also aware about Mutual
Fund, Gold Investment, Real Estate, Equity shares and Government Schemes upto
11.76%, 11.53%, 10.12%, 9% and 9% respectively. Respondents are also having idea
about Preferences Shares, Bonds and debentures. There is less awareness about
derivatives among respondents.

50
 10. What do you think are the Best options for investing your money?

Table 4.10 Shows Investment option Preferred by the respondents

Sr. No. Investment Avenue Frequency Percentage
1. Bank Deposits 54 19.78%
2. Equity Shares 20 7.33%
3. Preference Shares 15 5.49%
4. Mutual Fund 34 12.45%
5. Bonds & Debentures 07 2.56%
6. Life Insurance & General Insurance 32 11.72%
7. Real Estate 37 13.55%
8. Gold Investment 50 18.32%
9. Derivatives 02 0.732%
10. Government Schemes 22 8.06%

Source: By Primary Data

Chart 4.10 Shows Investment option Preferred by the respondents

Frequency
25.00%
20.00%
15.00%
10.00%
5.00%
0.00%

Frequency

Interpretation: The above table represents investment options preferred by the

respondents. Bank deposit were the most opted investment vehicle followed by Gold
Investment and Real Estate. Mutual Funds, Life and General Insurance, Government
Schemes and Equity Shares, Preference Shares are also preferred for investment. A
lesser knowledge of derivatives bonds and debentures probably led to the lower number
there.

51
 11. In which sector do you prefer to invest your money?

Table 4.11 Shows sector preferred by investor for Investing

Sr. No. Sector Frequency Percentage
1. Private Sector 25 25.76%
2. Government Sector 57 57 58%
3. Public Sector 13 13.64%
4. Foreign Sector 3 3.03%
5. Prefer not to say 2 -

Source: By Primary Data

Chart 4.11 Shows sector preferred by investor for Investing

Frequency
60

50

40

30

20

10

0
Private Sector Government Sector Public Sector Foreign Sector Prefer not to say

Frequency

Interpretation: The above table denotes sector preferred by respondents for investing.
The first preference is given to government sector as people thought it is reliable to
invest in government sector. Respondent also prefer to invest in Private and Public
Sector. Less preference is given to Foreign Sector for investment purpose.

52
 12. What are the important factor guiding your investment decisions?

Table 4.12 Shows factor guiding Investment decision of respondent

Sr. No. Factors Frequency Percentage
1. Returns 65 42.48%
2. Safety of Principal 60 39.22%
3. Diversification 15 9.80%
4. Progressive Values 13 8.50%

Source: By Primary Data

Chart 4.12 Shows factor guiding Investment decision of respondent

Frequency
45.00%
40.00%
35.00%
30.00%
25.00%
20.00%
15.00%
10.00%
5.00%
0.00%
Returns Safety of Principal Diversification Progressive Values

Frequency

Interpretation: The above table shows factor which guide the investment decision of
respondent. Returns and Safety of Principal are the two important factors guiding
investment decision. Diversification and Progressive Values are also considered while
investing.

53
 13. What is your Investment Objective?

Table 4.13 Shows investment objective of the respondent

Sr. No. Objective Frequency Percentage
1. Income & Capital 12 12%
Preservation
2. Long Term Growth 45 45%
3. Growth & Income 39 39%
4. Short Term Growth 2 2%
5. Prefer not to say 2 2%
Total 100 100%

Source: By Primary Data

Chart 4.13 Shows investment objective of the respondent

Frequency
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Income & Capital Long Term Growth Growth & Income Short Term Growth Prefer not to say
Preservation

Frequency

Interpretation: The above table represents the objective of the respondent behind
investment. Long term growth and Growth and Income are the main objectives behind
investment. Income and Capital Preservation can also be the objective for the
investment. Some respondent may prefer to invest for short term growth purpose.

54
 14. What is the purpose behind your investment?

Table 4.14 Shows purpose of respondent beyond Investment

Sr. No. Purpose Frequency Percentage
1. Wealth Creation 35 23.18%
2. Tax Saving 10 6.62%
3. Earn Returns 54 35.76%
4. Future Expenses 52 34.44%

Source: By Primary Data

Chart 4.14 Shows purpose of respondent beyond Investment

Frequency
40.00%

35.00%

30.00%

25.00%

20.00%

15.00%

10.00%

5.00%

0.00%
Wealth Creation Tax Saving Earn Returns Future Expenses

Frequency

Interpretation: Above table represent the purpose behind investment. There are
different purposes behind Investment. Earning Returns and Future Expenses are the
main purpose behind investment followed by Wealth Creation. Some respondent also
prefer to invest money for tax saving purpose.

55
15. Which factor do you consider before Investing?

Table 4.15 Shows Factor considered while Investing

Sr. No. Factors Frequency Percentage
1. Safety of Principal 70 39.77%
2. Low risk 30 17.05%
3. High Returns 51 28.98%
4. Maturity Period 25 14.20%

Source: By Primary Data

Chart 4.15 Shows Factor considered while Investing

Frequency
80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
Safety of Principal Low risk High Returns Maturity Period

Frequency

Interpretation: Respondent like to keep multiple options while choosing their

investment Avenue. However Safety of Principal were obviously the most considered
factor followed by High Returns, Low Risk and Maturity Period. There are different
factors which are considered before investing.

56
 16. What time period do you prefer to Invest?

Table 4.16 Shows time period preferred by respondent for Investment

Sr. No. Period Frequency Percentage

1. Short Term (0-1 Yr.) 16 16.67%
2. Medium Term (1-5 Yr.) 58 60.42%
3. Long Term (More than 5 22 22.92%
Yr.)

Source: By Primary Data

Chart 4.16 Shows time period preferred by respondent for Investment

Frequency
70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
Short Term (0-1 Yr.) Medium Term (1-5 Yr.) Long Term (More than 5 Yr.)

Frequency

Interpretation: This table represents time frame they have in mind while investing. most
of the respondents like to invest for medium term that is from one to 5 years. Respondent
are also ready to invest for long term that is more than 5 years and short term that is less
than one year.

57
 17. What percentage of your Income do you Invest or will invest in future?

Table 4.17 Shows percentage of Income respondents ready to Invest

Sr. Part of Income Frequency Percentage
No.
1. 0-15% 29 29%
2. 15%-30% 53 53%
3. 30%-50% 6 6%
4. More than 50% 6 6%
5. Prefer not to say 6 6%

Source: By Primary Data

Chart 4.17 Shows percentage of Income respondents ready to Invest

Frequency
60

50

40

30

20

10

0
0-15% 15%-30% 30%-50% More than 50% Prefer not to say

Frequency

Interpretation: The above table shows the part of income respondents are ready to invest.
53% responded ready to invest their 15% to 30% income. Whereas 29% people are willing
to invest 0 to 15% of their Income. And other 6% people are going to invest 30% to 50%
and 50% and above of their income.

58
 18. What is your source of getting information regarding Investment Avenues?

Table 4.18 Shows sources providing information about Investment Avenues

Sr. No. Sources Frequency Percentage
1. News Paper 36 14.52%
2. Internet 68 27.42%
3. News Channels 35 14.11%
4. Family and Friends 49 19.76%
5. Books 10 4.03%
6. Magazines 6 2.42%
7. Advisors 25 10.08%
8. Certified Market Professionals 19 7.66%

Source: By Primary Data

Chart 4.18 Shows sources providing information about Investment Avenues

Frequency
80
60
40
20
0

Frequency

Interpretation: The above table indicate that Internet is a main source of getting
information regarding investment avenues. Family and Friends also provide the
information regarding investment options. News Paper, News Channels and Financial
Advisors are also play a major role in providing information regarding this investment
vehicles. Respondents are also collecting information from Books, Magazines and
Certified Market Professionals.

59
.

CHAPTER 5 :
FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION

60
5.1 Findings
The findings of the research study are summarized below:
• Majority of the respondents (72%) are in the age group of 20 - 30 years and 25%
of the respondents are in the age group of below 20 years.
• It is found that majority of the respondents were female that is 68% and the
remaining were Male.
• It is found that almost all of the respondents are educated.. Majority of the
respondents (83%) are undergraduate. 14% respondents are graduate.
• Most of the respondents (72%) were students. 23% of the respondents are salaried
people.
• Most of the respondents were falling in the income category of below ₹2,00,000
per annum and 15% respondents were from income category of ₹2,00,000 to
₹4,00,000.
• It is observed that almost 85% respondents know about investment.
• It is found that 38% respondents invest their income, whereas 62% respondents
don’t.
• It is observed that 25% respondents are having knowledge about investment and
4% respondents are experienced.
• It is found that respondents are more aware about Bank Deposit (17.65%) as it is a
common mean of saving and investment. Respondents are also aware about Life
Insurance and General Insurance 13.41%. Respondents are having idea about
Mutual Fund, Gold Investment, Real Estate, Equity Shares and Government
Schemes. There is less awareness about Bonds, Debentures and Derivatives.
• The majority of the respondents had chosen Bank Deposit with 19.78% as their
preference for investment. The second place was occupied by Gold Investment with
18.32% followed by Real Estate (13.55%), Mutual Fund (12.45%) and Life
Insurance and General Insurance (11.72%). Sixth, Seventh and Eighth place was
occupied by Government Schemes, Equity Shares, Preference Shares with 8.06%,
7.33% and 5.49% respectively. The least preference was given to Bond, Debentures
and Derivatives with 2.56% and 0.73% respectively.

61
• Most of the respondents are preferred to invest in government sector followed by
private sector.
• For majority of the respondents returns and safety of principal are the main factor
guiding investment decision.
• Diversification and progressive value is also considered while taking investment
decisions.
• For majority of the respondents long term growth and income are the main
objectives behind investment.
• Majority of the respondents invest to earn returns and for future expenses followed
by wealth creation.
• Most of the respondents are ready to invest for Medium term (58%) that is from 1
to 5 years.
• It is observed that most of the respondents are ready to invest 15% to 30% of their
income.
• It is found that Internet is the main source of getting information about investment
avenues. Respondents also get to know about investment from family and friends,
newspapers and news channels.

62
5.2 Conclusion
It is concluded from the study that most of the respondents are young
that is from 20 to 30 years and below 20 years of age group. Majority of the
respondents are female and belongs to student category. Respondents are
educated and are aware about investment, they are ready to invest in future.
Majority of the respondents are from income group of below ₹2,00,000 and
₹2,00,000 to ₹4,00,000. Respondents are beginners for the investment.
Returns and Safety of Principal are the main factors guiding investment
decisions. Majority of the respondents prefer to invest in Government Sector.
Respondents are ready to invest 15% to 30% of their income. Respondent
willing to invest for medium term. Bank Deposit are more preferred by
Respondents for investment as there is more awareness about bank deposits.
Respondents are also aware about Life Insurance and General Insurance, Gold
Investment, Mutual Funds, Real Estate, Equity Shares and Government
Schemes. Second preference is given to Gold and Real Estate for investment
followed by Mutual Fund and Equity Shares. There is less awareness about
Bonds, Derivatives and Debentures. It can be concluded that respondents are
more aware about commonly used investment avenues. Internet, Friends and
family are the main source of getting information about investment avenues.

63
 SUGGESTIONS

➢ The companies should organize the programs for inspiration of males as well as
females it will help accordingly or vice versa to their investment.
➢ Age is also one of the important factors to induce the investor towards their
preferences as the youth concern here so, youth should be developed mentally by
providing the right information about the market rates and the return on their
preferences.
➢ Help to boost the morale of the other age groups too this will help to the other age
groups to take part in the said preferences of youth in financial markets.
➢ Provide the information about the market situation via posters, news, advertisements,
programs and related conferences and seminars related to the present issue.
➢ Invest in that very time when the market rates are low in the related avenues like real
estate and gold and so on.

64
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Taxwizely.in
• Facebook.com
• Groww.in
• https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/investment.asp
• https://www.financialexpress.com/money/investment-planning-
how-life-stages-impact-your-investments/2180942/
• https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/security-analysis-
and-investment-management-tutorial-356/investments-
meaning-types-and-characteristics-11344.html
• https://accountlearning.com/7-essential-features-investment-
programme/
• https://www.dynamictutorialsandservices.org/2016/04/investme
nts-meaning-objectives-features.html?m=1
• https://www.maxlifeinsurance.com/blog/investments/what-is-
investment
• https://www.dynamictutorialsandservices.org/2016/04/investme
nts-meaning-objectives-features.html?m=1
• https://www.edelweiss.in/investology/introduction-to-investing-
c6eaf4/what-is-investing-basics-for-beginners-c62833
• https://cleartax.in/s/liquidity#:~:text=The%20term%20liquidity
%20in%20finance,possibilities%20of%20the%20unprecedente
d%20events
• https://finance.zacks.com/concepts-return-investment-risk-
3049.html
• https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/return.asp

65
• https://thecollegeinvestor.com/16912/5-benefits-of-investing/
• https://www.bmogam.com/gb-en/retail/helpful-articles/benefits-
of-investing/
• https://blog.ipleaders.in/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-
financial-investment/
• https://finance.zacks.com/disadvantages-preferred-shares-
1683.html
• http://www.incomeprotectionadviser.co.uk/advantages-and-
disadvantages-of-insurance/
• https://smallbusiness.chron.com/advantage-disadvantage-
insurance-39117.html
• https://kullabs.com/class-10/accounts/financial-
institutions/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-insurance
• https://www.ibef.org/industry/real-estate-india.aspx
• https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_estate_investing
• https://realestate4investing.com/articles/real-estate-
investments/10-advantages-disadvantages-real-estate-
investments
• https://getmoneyrich.com/real-estate-investment-advantages-
and-disadvantages/
• https://groww.in/blog/beginners-guide-to-investing-in-gold-
india/
• https://m.timesofindia.com/business/faqs/gold-faqs/what-are-
the-disadvantages-of-investing-in-
gold/amp_articleshow/63799520.cms

66
• https://indianmoney.com/articles/advantages-and-
disadvantages-of-investing-in-gold
• https://cleartax.in/s/deposit
• https://www.cashay.com/deposit-accounts-everything-you-
need-to-know-152552371.html
• https://www.bankofbaroda.in/blogdetail.htm?23
• https://www.banks.com/articles/banking/savings-
accounts/savings-accounts-advantages-disadvantages/
• https://m.timesofindia.com/business/faqs/investment/top-7-
government-schemes-to-invest-
in/amp_articleshow/73133416.cms

67
 ANNEXURE
1. Name: ------

2. Age:
o Below 20 Years
o Between 20-30 Years
o Between 30-40 Years
o Above 40 Years

3. Gender:
o Female
o Male
o Prefer not to say

4. Qualification:
o Under Graduate
o Graduate
o Post Graduate
o Masters
o Others

5. Occupation:
o Salaried
o Business
o Housewife
o Student
o Professional
o Others

68
6. Annual Income
o Below ₹200000
o ₹200000-₹400000
o ₹400000-₹600000
o Above ₹600000
o Prefer not to say

7. Do you know about Investment?

o Yes
o No

8. Do you Invest?
o Yes
o No

9. What Describe your Investment Experience?

o Beginning
o Moderate
o Knowledgeable
o Experienced
o Prefer not to say

10. Are you aware of the following Investment avenues?

o Bank Deposits
o Equity Shared
o Preference Shares
o Mutual Fund
o Bonds & Debentures
o Life Insurance & General Insurance
o Real Estate
o Gold Investment

69
 o Derivatives
o Government Schemes

11. What do you think are the best options for Investing your money?
o Bank Deposits
o Equity Shares
o Preference Shares
o Mutual Fund
o Bonds & Debentures
o Life Insurance & General Insurance
o Real Estate
o Gold Investment
o Derivatives
o Government Schemes

12. In which sector do you prefer to invest your money?

o Private Sector
o Government Sector
o Public Sector
o Foreign Sector
o Prefer not to say

13. What are the important factor guiding your Investment Decision?
o Returns
o Safety of Principal
o Diversification
o Progressive Values

14. What is your Investment Objective?

o Income & Capital Preservation
o Long Term Growth

70
 o Growth & Income
o Short Term Growth
o Prefer not to say

15. What is the purpose behind Investment?

o Wealth Creation
o Tax Savings
o Earn Returns
o Future Expenses
o Prefer not to say

16. Which factor do you consider before Investing?

o Safety of Principal
o Low Risk
o High Returns
o Maturity Period

17. What time period do you prefer to Invest?

o Short Term (0-1 Year)
o Medium Term (1-5 Year)
o Long Term (More than 5 Years)
o Prefer not to say

18. What percentage of your income do you invest or ready to invest in future?
o 0-15%
o 15%-30%
o 30%-50%
o More than 50%
o Prefer not to say

71
19. What is your source of getting information?
o News Papers
o Internet
o News Channels
o Family & Friends
o Books
o Magazines
o Financial Advisors
o Certified Market Professionals

72