N

2,
AJ
A

A)

AA
 fla+h)-J2 qHIC y =Jx) C°P
lim
3 h>0+
h

UAICEI
UBpE|S
(right hand derivative)
RS"(a) f'(a+) 2ae a
9 FI
fa+ h) Ja) APCP y = Jx) *(°|PCTA,
lim h =
h 0-

RTat L.f'a
WPPA x = a "1C tats
5/y =f )

9R Rf'(a) = 1f'(a) I |
6 ) = nx"-1, ANAn GG A 7R

8/ d cosx) = -sinx
1 s i n x ) = cosx
dx
tan.x) = secx 10(cotx) = -cosec?r

11 dx
(secx) = secx tanx

12 (cosecx) = -cosecx cotx

dx
13 e) = e*

14(a =a* log,a (a>0)

AX

15log) =(* *0)

16c 9P 4 ,
0)=0 ()ef)
dx
=cf()
du
1 dx(u,t u,t du
du duz du
ugtt U)dx dxdx
dx
18/0 du
uv) +dx dx
=

)
d. x uvw) =uv*+uw+ du
Vudx
19/ du dx
 = 3. -2
-2 COSt +C
3 2
sec3x + cosec2x + c

5.6 H eni Summarisation

A (integration is regarded as the reverse prOcess of

1 F(x)
F(t)+c] = f(a)
 T
T

f(x
*
2 n -1 A,

x)nf'(x)dx = fx)}n+14c
n+1

3 (f )dx =loglflx)
Sx) +c
=

e[fx)+f'(x)]dx = ef(x) + c

tanx dx = log|secx|+c
cotxcotxdx = log|sinx|+c

secxsecxdx =log|secx+ tanx+C

= log tan|
n +C

J cosecx dx =log|cosecx- cotx|+C

= log|tan ;
 X

G
ir

N +
+
 N

N
N
+ +
Q2 +
8

& +
1&

+
N
N
/ n-1
f(x)dx
a
=
lim h
h 0 Y. Sa+ rh)
r = 0

n
b
q f(X)dx =
lim h
h0 f(a+ rh)
r= 1

CT3TCT, nh =b-al
C CPL4, a =
=0 b =1 TA,
n-1
f(x)dx =
lim
h0
h f(rh)
T = 0

a f(x)dx =
limh
h 0
f(rh) [RRTG, nh =
1]
r 1
2 ax<b ATIa f(x)
f(x) ¢'(x) ,
=

Ja Sx)dx = ¢(b)-¢(a) A|
 S(x)dx = fz)dz
*a
2 f(x)dx = fxdx
b b S(x)dx,TRIA a<c<b
3 flx)dx = f(x)dx+
Ja C

J fx)dx = Ca S(a-x)dx
Jo o

5 Cna
flx)dx n S(x)dx, aR fla+x) f(x)
= =
A

2a
fx)dx =
"Sx) +f2a-x)]dx
(2afx)dx = 2 (afx)dx, ain f 2 a - ) = fx) I

Jo
0, q S2a-x) Ax) =

Ca
fx)dx = (aLSx) +S(-x)]dx
g 2TE (EN a 4 u 994 (O8 (unit vector)
1
a o 4R a =

3/ aT4: A 0, A 9R C T I A A I 33
, OA = a A C=bI R a e b (
OC, UrfR O OÁ+ A =a+ b; 4T
AIPRB =

oATC fay 4 (Triangle law of addition Of

of

vectors |

4 (position vector): 0 g ITIC P

y CE OP (EI
 PQ =(Q a coR)
- (P Aa ta Ce?N)
1, P = b- a
(11) qi R PQ FKtA«HRtt m:n °IIG

1(mb+na)
m +n

(iv) aR f PQ R m:n a c aRMeT

A, R ra|A CUA ZA,
m- n
(mb-n

6 =xa+yb xa s yb- 1SA a s b

e r -9 (S T t (vector components) R x

(scalar components) |

TR AtUF P (A (position
vector) =OP = xi +yj; 93a, i e j zRsA
x y-q 3
R $ (eFA (unit vector)
x 375 y- OP 9AT C9 CET
IHR 7RTSA xi yj 4R x y;
OP CR TG =|loP =/2+ y2
(ii) fAiaT OP(x, y, z) 9 R O JiRT
ITC ICF P a S, OP =
xi+yj+zk
q31i, j ek 7RTA AI x, y z
ye qT ( I x, y z 3 1 OP

gR x, y Z;

OP CoA AA 1 ATGGAM [OP= /x2 + +

y2 =
z2

f b= xa; ARICA x(*0) 4G HTI

) CN A HR S (scalar or dot product),
a

a-b = cos
(ii) CEA ZA CEA (vector or cross product)

T ab sin6, iis a a e b GEN (O

CRTATAI N| FRUPC,

axb =h(sin@)n
n 4 7 eaa (normal) ($, I
a
 a

A 1 a a srp1 (projection)]
ab

C a (aa erpoi (projection)]

3/ab=b.a 4/ a-(b+ c)= 4b+a c¢

5 a a.a =a
a(+0), b(+ó) * a b =o R a s b s6

8 ax=-bx 9/ ax (b+ c) =axb+ ax

10/
oa ax a e b A
1/ ax a =0

C 7RSA i, j R k ,
6) i.i=j = k.k =1
i j =j-i =j:k =
k-j =
k.i =i.k =0
(i) ixi =jxj kxk = = 0 97
ixj k =-jxi; jxk =i -kxj;
=
=

kxi =j = -ixk

CosG a
9 sin = ax
laxb
a b
14/
14/ a a =
aji +
aj + agk R b=
bi+ b,j + b,k U,

() a b =
a,b ta,b2+ a,b3

(i) ax b =
|4 2
b, ba b
I
+

N
I A

A
 dx
tan-1+C;
x+a2 a a

dx
T7 a =
1, = tan-x+c
x+1
dx
2/ 2-a2 os+a
2a
+C [lxl>lal]
3 dx a+X
a2-12 2a a-X|
+C [lxl<lal]
dx
logl (x+ Nx2ta2)|+ c
wx2ta2
dx = = sin-4c;
5 a
a2-x2
dx
T3a 1, = = sin-x+c
1-2
9 1 t 7AT A x 4 RINTA (x+ m) (x- m)
 2 Sxdr, z f(-) =
fx) W,

s)dxSx)dx =
0, af f-x) =
-f(x) R3,
yef, fx) I TTP

10 S(x)dx =
|.°sla+ b-xjdx