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IEEE Synchrophasor Standard

C37.118.1

Ken Martin
Electric Power Group
(EPG)
 Phasor Measurement System
GPS

Communication
standards
Real Time Monitoring & Alarming
Phasor Data Concentrator

Future real-time controls:

Measurement
standards
Data
Substation PDC storage
standards

Data
Storage

Off-line Dynamics Analysis

2 Other utility PDC

 Synchrophasor Standard History
• First standard IEEE1344-1995
• Second standard C37.118-2005
– TVE test & error limits, steady-state phasor only
– Comprehensive messaging for communication
• C37.118 split into 2 standards
– Supports harmonization with IEC standards
– C37.118.1-2011 for measurement
– C37.118.2-2011 for communication
• C37.118.1a amendment
– Corrects & clarifies 2011 standard
Synchrophasor Measurement Standard IEEE
C37.118.1
• Standard covers measurement aspects
– Phasor, frequency, & Rate of Change of Frequency
(ROCOF)
• M & P performance classes
• Retains existing steady-state requirements
• Adds measurement under dynamic conditions
– Measurement bandwidth, tracking, and response
time
• Includes a latency test
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Requirements summarized in 8 tables
Steady-state synchrophasor performance
Influence quantity Reference Minimum range of influence quantity over which PMU shall be within
condition given TVE limit
Performance Class P Performance Class M
Range Max TVE (%) Range Max TVE
(%)
Signal frequency Fnominal (f0)  2.0 Hz 1  2.0 Hz for Fs<10 1
range – fdev  Fs/5 for
(test applied Report rate 10 ≤ Fs < 25
nominal + independent  5.0 Hz for Fs ≥25
deviation: f0 ± fdev) Keyed to report rate
The Signal Frequency range tests above are to be performed over the given ranges and meet the given
requirements at 3 temperatures:
Test over temperature
T = nominal (~23º C), T = 0º C, and T = 50º C.
Signal magnitude - 100% rated 80 – 120% rated 1 10 – 120% rated 1
Voltage Separate V & I tests
Signal magnitude - 100% rated 10 – 200% rated 1 10 – 200% rated 1
Current
Phase angle with Constant or ±p radians 1 ±p radians 1
| fin – f0 | <0.25 Hz slowly varying
angle
 Ongoing development
• Joint development – IEC/IEEE 60255-118-1
– Based on IEEE C37.118.1 including amendment
– Complete revision as required
• Current considerations include:
– Rewrite synchrophasor & frequency definitions
– Simplifying/reducing number of required tests
– Clarify function/device designations (eg.: environmental
type requirements, input from merging unit)
– Add performance & accuracy classes
– Better frequency & ROCOF (who uses these?)
– Additional model types
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 Synchrophasor, Frequency & ROCOF
definitions
• For a generalized case where amplitude, phase,
frequency, and ROCOF are functions of time:
• x(t) = Xm(t) cos[ψ(t)]
= Xm(t) cos(2πf0 t + (2π ∫gdt +φ(t)))
• The phasor value is:
• X (t) = (Xm(t)/√2)ej(2π∫gdt +φ(t))
• Frequency: f(t) = 1/(2π) dψ(t)/dt
• ROCOF: ROCOF(t) = df(t)/dt

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 Frequency & ROCOF concerns
• Biggest problem was testing with interference
– Out of band
– Harmonics
– ROCOF Limits were suspended to remove
implementation issues
• Frequency error limits small, .01 Hz typical
• ROCOF limits vary, .4 – 14 Hz/s
• F & ROCOF step test recovery: ~estimation window