NCM 103 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING PRACTICE VIRGINIA HENDERSON

MAE CHRISTE LIMBARING-ELEGADO, MAN, RN
NCM103 Fundamentals in Nursing Practice
2nd Semester, SY 2022-2023
CONCEPT OF NURSING
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of the learning activity, the students will be
able to:
 Discuss the development of professional
nursing roles
 Describe the roles and career opportunities for
nurses
 Discuss the evolution of nursing
 Value nursing as a profession, science and art
WHAT IS NURSING?
 The care of others
 Actions focused on the person receiving care
 Blend of the art and the science
 Activities performed by nurses concerned with
physical and mental health
 The oldest occupation for women (Dock and
Nutting 1920, 1935)
“Nursing is both an art and a science. It is a profession
that uses specialized knowledge and skills to care for
people in both health and illness and in a variety of
practice settings.”
- Taylor, Lillis, LeMone
SCIENCE is the knowledge base for the care that is
given.
Unique function of the nurse is to assist the
individual, sick or well in performing activities
contributing to help or its recovery, help client
gain independence rapidly.
WHAT IS A PROFESSION?
 Occupation that requires extensive education or
calling
 Requires special knowledge, skills, and
preparations.
NURSING AS A PROFESSION
NURSING AS A CARING PROFESSION
 The profession involves a humanistic blend of
scientific knowledge, and holistic nursing
practice.
 Unique profession, practiced with an earnest
concern for the art of care and the science of
health
 Is an art and science, dominated by an ideal
service in which certain principles are applied in
the skillful care of the well and the ill, and
through relationship with the client/patient,
significant others, and other members of the
health care team.
SCOPES AND STANDARDS OF PRACTICE
American Nurses Association (ANA)
Nursing is the protection, promotion and optimization
of health and abilities; prevention of illness and injury,
alleviation from suffering through the diagnosis and
treatment of human response; and advocacy in the care
of individuals, families, communities and population.

ART is the skilled application of knowledge to help

others to reach maximum function and quality of life.

Theoretical Definitions
 Caring
 An art
 Science International Council of Nurses
 Client Centered Nursing encompasses autonomous and collaborative
 Holistic care of individuals of all ages, families, groups and
 Adaptive communities, sick or well and in all settings. Nursing
 Health promotion, maintenance restoration includes the promotion of health, prevention of illness,
 Helping profession and the care of ill, disabled and dying people. Advocacy,
promotion of a safe environment, research participation
FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE in shaping health policy and in patient and health
Act of utilizing the environment to assist the system management and education are also key nursing
patient into his recovery roles.

STANDARDS OF NURSING PRACTICE
Assessment
 Collection of comprehensive data pertinent to
patient’s health/ situation
Diagnosis
 Analyzing the assessment data to determine
diagnoses or issues
Outcomes Identification
 Identification of expected outcomes for a plan
individualized to patient / situation
Planning
 Developing a plan that prescribes strategies/
alternatives to attain expected outcomes
Implementation
 Coordination of care
 Health teaching and health promotion
 Consultation
 Prescriptive authority & treatment
Evaluation
 Evaluates progress toward attainment of
outcomes
STANDARDS OF PROFESSIONAL PERFORMANCE
SCOPE OF NURSING PRACTICE
 Based on RA 9173, Article 6, Section 28 It shall
be the duty of the nurse to:
1. Provide nursing care through the
utilization of the nursing process.
Nursing care includes but is not limited to:
 Traditional and innovative approaches
 Therapeutic use of self
 Executing health care techniques and
procedures
 Essential primary health care
 Comfort measures
 Health teachings
 Administration of written prescription for
treatment, therapies, oral, topical parenteral
medications
 Internal examination during labor in the
absence of complications
 Based on RA 9173, Article 6, Section 28 It shall
be the duty of the nurse to:
2. Establish linkages with community
resources and coordination with
the health team.
3. Provide health education to
individuals, families and
community.
4. Teach, guide and supervise
students in nursing education
programs including the
administration of nursing services;
engage in such activities that
require the utilization of knowledge
and decision-making skill of a
registered nurse.
5. Undertake nursing and health
human resource development
training research which shall
include, but not limited to the
development of nursing practice.
 A person is deemed to practice nursing within
the meaning of this RA 9173 when:
o It includes, but not limited to nursing
care during conception, labor, delivery,
infancy, childhood, toddler, preschool,
school age, adolescence, adulthood and
old age.
o As independent practitioners, nurses
are primarily responsible for the
promotion of health and prevention of
illness.
o Collaborates with other health care
providers.
ROLES BASIC TO NURSING CARE
AUTONOMY AND ACCOUNTABILITY
 Autonomy – initiation of independent nursing
interventions without medical orders
 Accountability – one is responsible
professionally and legally for the type and
quality of nursing care provided
CAREGIVER  Health maintenance organizations (HMOs)
 Caregiver - Helping patient maintain and regain  Nursing Practice Centers
health, manage disease and symptoms and
attain a maximal level of function and ADVANCED PRACTICE RN (APRN)
independence through the healing process  Most independently functioning
ADVOCATE  Advanced education in pathophysiology,
 Protecting patient’s human and legal rights, pharmacology, and physical assessment
providing assistance in asserting these rights if  Certification and expertise in a specialized area
need arises of practice
 Act in behalf of patient and secure patient’s  Adult-gerontology, pediatrics, neonatology,
health care rights women’s health/gender related,
COUNSELOR family/individual across the lifespan, and
 Counselor - Helping a client recognize and cope psychiatric mental health
with stressful psychologic or social problems  Clinician, educators, case managers, consultants
EDUCATOR and researchers
 Educator - Explain concepts and facts about
health, describe the reason for routine care A. CLINICAL NURSE SPECIALIST (CNS
activities, demonstrate procedures, reinforce  Expert clinician in a specialized area of
learning or patient behavior and evaluate practice
patient’s progress in learning  Community, acute care, restorative and
COMMUNICATOR palliative
 Communicator - Central to the nurse-patient B. NURSE PRACTITIONER (NP)
relationship; allows one to know his patients  Provides health care to a group of
including their strengths and weaknesses and patients
needs  Outpatient, ambulatory care, or
MANAGER community-based settings
 Manager - Need to establish and environment  Directly managing the nursing and
for collaborative patient centered care to medical care of patients.
provide safe, quality care with positive C. CERTIFIED NURSE-MIDWIFE (CNM)
outcomes  Educated in midwifery and certified
 Provision of independent care for
QUALITIES OF A NURSE women
IMPORTANT QUALITIES OF A NURSE D. CERTIFIED REGISTERED NURSE ANESTHETIST
 Caring nature (CRNA)
 Empathic attitude  Advanced education from a nurse-
 Detail oriented anesthesia accredited program.
 Emotionally stable  Provides surgical anesthesia under the
 Adaptable guidance and supervision of an
 Hardworking anesthesiologist
 Quick thinker
 Physical endurance NURSE EDUCATOR
 Good judgment  School of Nursing, Staff development,
 Good communication skills department of health care agencies, and patient
 Responsible education departments.
 Needs experience in the clinical practice
FIELDS OF NURSING  Must have graduate degrees
SETTING FOR NURSING  Have specific clinical, administrative or research
 Acute care hospital specialty and advanced clinical experience.
 Client’s homes
 Community agencies NURSE ADMINISTRATOR
 Ambulatory clinics
 Long-term care facilities
 Manages patient care and the delivery of
specific nursing services within a health care
agency.
 Clinical care coordinators, Nurse managers,
Supervisors, Associate director, Director of
Nursing Services, Chief Nurse
 BSN, MAN/MSN, PhD, Advanced degrees
 Needs to be skilled in business and
management

NURSE RESEARCHER
 Conducts evidence-based practice and research
to improve nursing care and further define and
expand the scope of nursing practice.
 Academic setting, hospital, or independent
professional, or community service agency.
 Doctoral degree with at least a master’s degree
in nursing.

NURSE ENTREPRENEUR
 Have an advanced degree
 Manages a clinic or health related business
 Conducts research
 Provide education
 Serves as an adviser or consultant to
institutions, political agencies or businesses.

FORENSIC NURSE
 Provides specialized care for individuals who are
victims and/or perpetrators of trauma.
 Knowledge in legal system and skill in injury
identification, evaluation and documentation.
 Requires a certification.