To study the settling characteristics of a given material for different

Aim :
concentrations.

Observations :

1 Weight/Volume of CaCO3 for 3% slurry 30 gm / 1000 ml

2 Weight/Volume of CaCO3 for 5% slurry 50 gm / 1000 ml

3 Weight/Volume of CaCO3 for 7% slurry 70 gm / 1000 ml

Observation Table
Case 1 For 3 wt% CaCO3 slurry
Initial Concentration Co 0.03 gm/cc
Initial Height of Liquid Zo 23.5 cm

Concentratio
Height of Time of Settling Settling Flux
n
Sr. No. Interface settling dZ dt Rate

Z (cm) t (min) dz/dt C (gm/cc) (gm/cm2sec)

1 23.5 0 23.5 - 0.03 -
2 21 2 2.5 2 1.25 0.03357 0.04196
3 18.2 4 2.8 2 1.4 0.03462 0.04846
4 15.2 6 3 2 1.5 0.03592 0.05388
5 12.8 8 2.4 2 1.2 0.03563 0.04275
6 9.8 10 3 2 1.5 0.03918 0.05878
7 7.4 12 2.4 2 1.2 0.03973 0.04768
8 5.1 14 2.3 2 1.15 0.04353 0.05006
9 4.5 16 0.6 2 0.3 0.03400 0.01020
10 4.1 18 0.4 2 0.2 0.03293 0.00659
11 3.9 20 0.2 2 0.1 0.03154 0.00315
12 3.7 22 0.2 2 0.1 0.03162 0.00316
13 3.4 24 0.3 2 0.15 0.03265 0.00490
14 3.05 26 0.35 2 0.175 0.03344 0.00585
15 2.95 28 0.1 2 0.05 0.03102 0.00155
16 2.6 30 0.35 2 0.175 0.03404 0.00596
17 2.5 32 0.1 2 0.05 0.03120 0.00156
18 2.45 34 0.05 2 0.025 0.03061 0.00077
19 2.4 36 0.05 2 0.025 0.03063 0.00077
20 2.3 38 0.1 2 0.05 0.03130 0.00157
21 2.3 40 0 2 0 0.03000 0.00000
22 2.3 42 0 2 0 0.03000 0.00000
23 2.3 44 0 2 0 0.03000 0.00000
Calculation :
For reading no. 2
Concentratio
Settling Flux
Height of Time of Settling n
Sr. No. Interface settling dZ dt Rate

Z (cm) t (min) dz/dt C (gm/cc) (gm/cm2sec)

1 23.5 0 23.5 0 0 0.03 -
2 21 2 2.5 2 1.25 0.03357 0.04196

Zo 23.5 to 0
Zi 21 ti 2
dz = Zo - Zi 2.5 dt = ti - to 2

Co 0.03 Settling Flux (Gs)

0.03357 0.04196
Observation TableFor 5 wt% CaCO3 slurry
Case 2 Initial Concentration Co 0.05 gm/cc
Initial Height of Liquid Zo 23.5 cm

Concentratio
Height of Time of Settling Settling Flux
Sr. No. n
Interface settling dZ dt Rate

Z (cm) t (min) dz/dt C (gm/cc) (gm/cm2sec)

1 23.5 0 23.5 - 0.05 -
2 22.6 2 0.9 2 0.45 0.05199 0.02340
3 21.5 4 1.1 2 0.55 0.05256 0.02891
4 20.2 6 1.3 2 0.65 0.05322 0.03459
5 18.9 8 1.3 2 0.65 0.05344 0.03474
6 17.7 10 1.2 2 0.6 0.05339 0.03203
7 16.3 12 1.4 2 0.7 0.05429 0.03801
8 15.1 14 1.2 2 0.6 0.05397 0.03238
9 13.8 16 1.3 2 0.65 0.05471 0.03556
10 12.7 18 1.1 2 0.55 0.05433 0.02988
11 11.8 20 0.9 2 0.45 0.05381 0.02422
12 10.8 22 1 2 0.5 0.05463 0.02731
13 10.1 24 0.7 2 0.35 0.05347 0.01871
14 9.5 26 0.6 2 0.3 0.05316 0.01595
15 9 28 0.5 2 0.25 0.05278 0.01319
16 8.6 30 0.4 2 0.2 0.05233 0.01047
17 8.3 32 0.3 2 0.15 0.05181 0.00777
18 8 34 0.3 2 0.15 0.05188 0.00778
19 7.8 36 0.2 2 0.1 0.05128 0.00513
20 7.5 38 0.3 2 0.15 0.05200 0.00780
21 7.3 40 0.2 2 0.1 0.05137 0.00514
22 7 42 0.3 2 0.15 0.05214 0.00782
23 6.8 44 0.2 2 0.1 0.05147 0.00515
24 6.6 46 0.2 2 0.1 0.05152 0.00515
25 6.4 48 0.2 2 0.1 0.05156 0.00516
26 6.2 50 0.2 2 0.1 0.05161 0.00516
 27 6 52 0.2 2 0.1 0.05167 0.00517
28 5.9 54 0.1 2 0.05 0.05085 0.00254
29 5.7 56 0.2 2 0.1 0.05175 0.00518
30 5.6 58 0.1 2 0.05 0.05089 0.00254
31 5.6 60 0 2 0 0.05000 0.00000

Calculation :
For reading no. 2
Concentratio
Height of Time of Settling Settling Flux
Sr. No. n
Interface settling dZ dt Rate

Z (cm) t (min) dz/dt C (gm/cc) (gm/cm2sec)

1 23.5 0 23.5 - 0 0.05 -
2 22.6 2 0.9 2 0.45 0.05199 0.02340

Zo 23.5 to 0
Zi 22.6 ti 2
dz = Zo - Zi 0.9 dt = ti - to 2

Co 0.05 Settling Flux (Gs)

0.05199 0.0234
Observation TableFor 7 wt% CaCO3 slurry
Case 3 Initial Concentration Co 0.07 gm/cc
Initial Height of Liquid Zo 23.5 cm

Concentratio
Height of Time of Settling Settling Flux
Sr. No. n
Interface settling dZ dt Rate

Z (cm) t (min) dz/dt C (gm/cc) (gm/cm2sec)

1 23.5 0 23.5 - 0.07 -
2 22.6 2 0.9 2 0.45 0.07279 0.03275
3 21.8 4 0.8 2 0.4 0.07257 0.02903
4 21 6 0.8 2 0.4 0.07267 0.02907
5 20.3 8 0.7 2 0.35 0.07241 0.02534
6 19.6 10 0.7 2 0.35 0.07250 0.02538
7 18.9 12 0.7 2 0.35 0.07259 0.02541
8 18 14 0.9 2 0.45 0.07350 0.03307
9 17.4 16 0.6 2 0.3 0.07241 0.02172
10 16.8 18 0.6 2 0.3 0.07250 0.02175
11 16.1 20 0.7 2 0.35 0.07304 0.02557
12 15.7 22 0.4 2 0.2 0.07178 0.01436
13 15 24 0.7 2 0.35 0.07327 0.02564
14 14.6 26 0.4 2 0.2 0.07192 0.01438
15 14.2 28 0.4 2 0.2 0.07197 0.01439
 16 13.8 30 0.4 2 0.2 0.07203 0.01441
17 13.4 32 0.4 2 0.2 0.07209 0.01442
18 13 34 0.4 2 0.2 0.07215 0.01443
19 12.6 36 0.4 2 0.2 0.07222 0.01444
20 12.2 38 0.4 2 0.2 0.07230 0.01446
21 11.8 40 0.4 2 0.2 0.07237 0.01447
22 11.5 42 0.3 2 0.15 0.07183 0.01077
23 11.3 44 0.2 2 0.1 0.07124 0.00712
24 11.1 46 0.2 2 0.1 0.07126 0.00713
25 10.8 48 0.3 2 0.15 0.07194 0.01079
26 10.5 50 0.3 2 0.15 0.07200 0.01080
27 10.3 52 0.2 2 0.1 0.07136 0.00714
28 10.1 54 0.2 2 0.1 0.07139 0.00714
29 9.9 56 0.2 2 0.1 0.07141 0.00714
30 9.7 58 0.2 2 0.1 0.07144 0.00714
31 9.5 60 0.2 2 0.1 0.07147 0.00715
32 9.3 62 0.2 2 0.1 0.07151 0.00715
33 9.1 64 0.2 2 0.1 0.07154 0.00715
34 8.9 66 0.2 2 0.1 0.07157 0.00716
35 8.7 68 0.2 2 0.1 0.07161 0.00716
36 8.6 70 0.1 2 0.05 0.07081 0.00354
37 8.5 72 0.1 2 0.05 0.07082 0.00354
38 8.4 74 0.1 2 0.05 0.07083 0.00354
39 8.1 76 0.3 2 0.15 0.07259 0.01089
40 7.9 78 0.2 2 0.1 0.07177 0.00718
41 7.8 80 0.1 2 0.05 0.07090 0.00354
42 7.6 82 0.2 2 0.1 0.07184 0.00718
43 7.5 84 0.1 2 0.05 0.07093 0.00355
44 7.3 86 0.2 2 0.1 0.07192 0.00719
45 7.2 88 0.1 2 0.05 0.07097 0.00355
46 7 90 0.2 2 0.1 0.07200 0.00720
47 6.9 92 0.1 2 0.05 0.07101 0.00355
48 6.8 94 0.1 2 0.05 0.07103 0.00355
49 6.7 96 0.1 2 0.05 0.07104 0.00355
50 6.6 98 0.1 2 0.05 0.07106 0.00355
51 6.4 100 0.2 2 0.1 0.07219 0.00722
52 6.3 102 0.1 2 0.05 0.07111 0.00356
53 6.2 104 0.1 2 0.05 0.07113 0.00356
54 6.1 106 0.1 2 0.05 0.07115 0.00356
55 6 108 0.1 2 0.05 0.07117 0.00356
56 5.8 110 0.2 2 0.1 0.07241 0.00724
57 5.7 112 0.1 2 0.05 0.07123 0.00356
58 5.5 114 0.2 2 0.1 0.07255 0.00725
59 5.5 116 0 2 0 0.07000 0.00000
60 5.5 118 0 2 0 0.07000 0.00000
61 5.5 120 0 2 0 0.07000 0.00000

Calculation :
For reading no. 2
Concentratio
Settling Flux
Height of Time of Settling n
Sr. No.
Interface settling dZ dt Rate

Z (cm) t (min) dz/dt C (gm/cc) (gm/cm2sec)

1 23.5 0 23.5 - 0 0.07 -
2 22.6 2 0.9 2 0.45 0.07279 0.03275

Zo 23.5 to 0
Zi 22.6 ti 2
dz = Zo - Zi 0.9 dt = ti - to 2

Co 0.07 Settling Flux (Gs)

0.07279 0.03275

Batch Sedimentation Experiment

25

20
Height of Interface (Z) cm

15

10

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
Time of settling (t) min

For 3 wt% CaCO3 slurry For 5 wt% CaCO3 slurry For 7 wt% CaCO3 slurry

Result and Conclusion :

By performing the experiment it is evident that the settling time is less for few solid concentration i.e. a 3wt%
solution settles the fastest while 7wt% solution settles the last. This is due to the fact that for a lesser solid
concentration the only forces acting on solid particles are force of gravity and