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COMPUTER

What is CPU and its Components?

Parts of CPU and Their Functions!!
ER R S BANGER OCTOBER 5, 2022

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CPU is most important hardware that

execute several functions related to input
and output, processing and storage data
for your computer system. Now, we will
cover all possible things about what is
CPU and its components; with involving
parts of CPU and their functions with
ease. Make ensure that after reading this
article; you will deCnitely fully aware
about what is CPU and its components
without any issue.

CPU DeHnition!!

Meaning – CPU stands for “Central

Processing Unit“, and it also known as
the “Processor” and “Brain” of computer
system.

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CPU is placed on its compatible CPU

socket, which is embedded on the
motherboard. CPU generates more heat
while processing data, so it is connected
with heat sink which helps to keep cool.

Importance of CPU

CPU plays vital role for performing great

performance in computer system, and it
helps in running all devices of system.
CPU controls the all instructions, which
are received from the system’s hardware
and software, process them, and Cnally
produces the result through output
devices likes as monitor and printer etc.
So, we can consider that CPU (Central
Processing Unit) is more important part
of computer system.

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Parts of CPU

In this section, we will spread light on the

all different CPU’s internal hardware
parts names. Describe below each one.

Internal Components of CPU

(Central Processing Unit) and their
Functions

Memory Unit

Memory unit is the main components of

CPU, because its main objective is to
store all instructions, and pass them to
other component of CPU (Control unit).

In the computer industries, computer

memory is spited into two main
categories such as primary and
secondary memory. Entire performance,
computing power, and execution speed
of computer memory is totally depends
upon its design layout and types like as
(SRAM or DRAM).

After processing of all instructions by

CPU, memory unit helps to store the
generated output, and Cnally it is moved
to output devices.

Control Unit

Main goal of control unit of CPU is to

control entire operations of its units, and
it helps to move all data or instructions in
between the all units of system. Memory
unit is received all instruction and data
from control unit, interprets them, and
Cnally transfer entire operations to
different units.

Control unit is a communication medium

between the all input and output
devices to transfer or obtaining all
instructions from memory units.

Arithmetic and Logic Unit

ALU is divided into two parts like as

arithmetic and logic unit. It contains the
digital circuit which is made with
registers, and they help to solve the
various arithmetic and logical
operations. Arithmetic unit is designed to
solve the different operations such as
addition, subtraction, multiplication,
division etc.

Prime functions of logic unit is to

perform various types of operations like
as comparing, selecting, matching and
merging of numerous data value.

Input/Output Unit

Input unit means all input devices, which

are used for inserting instructions from
user side such as
keyboard, mouse, touchpad and more.
Every input device consists own
hardware controller which are linked to
CPU and, and they provide the all
instructions CPU that how to use them.

Output unit means all output devices,

which are produced the result in the text
or graphic form after processing the
entire data that are given by user. Some
output devices are monitor, printer,
speaker etc. CPU grabs the binary code
like as 0 or 1 and converts it into
appropriate format which are needed by
output’s hardware.

Other CPU Components Lists are –

System Bus – Prime objective of system

bus is to transmits all data and
instructions, as well as it sends the
address locations that aware the CPU
where in the main memory all data and
instructions are receiving from and
where processed data should be saved.

External Bus – It is communication

medium in between the main data bus
and system board.

Internal Data Bus – This type of data bus

makes the connection between the all
internal components of processor
and motherboard. The size of internal
buses are depended that how much
information processor can process
concurrently.

Address Lines – Address lines are

designed to identify the appropriate
location in the memory unit where data
is presented.

Registers – Register is also known as

“Accumulator”, and it works as
temporary storage location where data is
coming from main memory side for
execution and move it for storing.

Flags – Flags are embedded into CPU,

and they work as registers because they
indicate the all currently running states
of entire functions and other operations.

Cache – Cache is also integrated into

chip, but it is fastest memory to primary
memory, and it helps to increase the
performance of processor.

Functions and Uses of CPU

CPU is an input and output device

because it receive data from memory
unit for processing, and after
manipulation move it to again memory
unit for displaying result on the screen.

CPU obtains various instructions from

input devices (mouse, keyboard,
trackball), and processed them into four
different phases then Cnally it produces
the appropriate output.

Here, we will explain different four main

functions of CPU (Central Processing
Unit). Describe below each one.

Uses of CPU and its Function

Fetch Phase

In this phase, CPU fetches all

instructions from the memory unit. All
instructions are stored in the memory
unit in own address location, and CPU
gets the address number to fetch
instructions with the help of program
counter. When CPU fetch Crst instruction
then program counter increases itself
automatic, and then CPU takes next
instruction in the consecutively.

Decode Phase

After completing fetching phase, CPU

decides that what to perform next step
of receiving data. In this phase, CPU
decodes the fetched data with help of
“Decoder Circuit”. These data are
converted into Assembly instructions,
and further Assembly instructions are
decoded in the form of binary language,
CPU easily can understand to binary
instructions such as 0 and 1.

Execute Phase

After completing fetching and decoding

phase, next phase execute to be
performed, but it totally depend upon the
CPU architecture, it means execution is
done may be serially or parallel fashion.

Execution phase is completed into three

steps such as done calculation along
with ALU (Arithmetically Logical Unit),
and then transfer data from one memory
place to other place Cnally switch to their
allotted address location.

Store Phase

After completing above three phases,

CPU releases the Cnally feedback, then
produced output data is moved to
memory units for storing. But these
memories have slow speed and cheaper
to registers.C

Features of CPU

CPU’s features are classiCed into various

eight categories such as –

Cache Memory
Cores in CPU
Speeds
Bandwidth

Hyper Threading
Virtualization Help
Architecture of CPU
Embedded GPU

Characteristics of CPU and its

Impact

Cache Memory

CPU takes more time for receiving data

from the main memory of system, so
CPU’s registers reserve important data
which are used in processing and further
precede them to cache memory.

Cache memory is small piece of memory

but it is fastest memory to main memory,
which is built into CPU core. Cache
memory is divided into three level s such
as L1, L2, and L3. L1 is small in size to L2
but it is faster compare L2, and further
L3 is much faster to L1 and L2.

Cores in CPU

Today, modern CPU are developed along

with multi-cores such as dual core, quad
core, core i5, core i7 and i8, and those
cores help to process data in parallel
nature for enhancing the entire
performance of computer system, as
well as to manage their workload and
speed.

Each core has own cache memory, and