Topic: OnSpot Cure

Group Members:

Areeba Nadeem
Esha Imran
Proposed By: Ms Soomaiyya Hamid

ABSTRACT
As a consequence of a better understanding of the current generation of technology, the
capabilities of the healthcare system have increased to a greater extent at this time. The internet
of medical things (IoMT) and recent advancements in information technology have encouraged
widespread use of the smart system [1]. Effective and reliable patient monitoring on a daily basis
requires a sophisticated, round-the-clock healthcare service. Patients can survive when hospitals
and clinics stop as a result of economic downturns because of remote monitoring [2]. With the
use of a technology called remote patient monitoring, patients may be monitored outside of
normal clinical settings, including at home or in a remote area [3]. This might increase access to
treatment while lowering expenses. To meet this requirement this study introduces OnSpot Cure
as a fresh, reliable technique for remote patient monitoring [4]. With the use of fast data
collection made possible by the planned OnSpot Cure, clinicians would be able to observe
patients while working from home. Remote care's ease will be valued by both doctors and
patients. Without the patient being present, doctors can access patient data using a web portal or
an app. While still being under the care of doctors, patients can benefit from the simplicity of
living at home, which lowers the expense and worries associated with a hospital setting. We are
developing a tool called RCure to gather patient data. With the help of this project, a patient can
receive care and prescriptions online. Additionally, it results in a favorable trade-off between the
doctor and the patient.

INTRODUCTION
The development of technology has always had a profound effect on all facets of human civilization and
has changed the way we live our everyday lives in many different ways. It is a technological advancement
that has changed our business, entertainment, and communication procedures and habits during the past
20 years. The way we live and work is set to change because to the Internet of Things (IOT). If
technology meets its full potential, every part of our life will undergo a radical transformation. In the
healthcare industry, where patient data has been mostly recorded using paper and pen for centuries, this
type of disruption is clearly visible. But now, significant changes are being made in healthcare
technology. The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is a collection of medical software and hardware that
connects to online computer networks and healthcare IT systems [5]. The foundation of IoMT is device to
device communication, which is made possible by medical equipment with Wi-Fi. IoMT hardware
connects to cloud computing services like Amazon Online Services, Microsoft Azure Cloud, Google
Cloud Computing, or any other tailored web services that collect data for archival and evaluation. IoMT
is sometimes referred to as Healthcare IoT. IoMT services offer remote patient monitoring for people
with long-term or chronic diseases. These services track patient prescriptions for medications, the
whereabouts of patients admitted to hospitals, and the wearable medical equipment used by patients,
which may convey each patient's medical data to a particular physician [6]. Medical equipment that can
be transformed to or used with IoMT technology include health services equipped with sensors that
monitor patients' vital signs that connect to analytics dashboards. When a patient is admitted to the
hospital, the guardians are concerned about their patients and are unable to continue working due to
mental stress, as elders are hospitalized for lengthy periods of time, and also reluctant to visit the hospital
[7]. In the present Covid19 situation when hospitals are overburdened with coronavirus patients, using
RPM devices to provide services to patients remotely makes a lot of sense [8]. OnSpot Cure starts with
activating the patient health monitoring device remotely. OnSpot Cure uses Arduino that employs various
sensors to detect health issues. Patient’s vital signs data can be used to continuously monitor a patient's
condition or to collect sensory data that can be processed for medical diagnosis [9]. An RCure gadget
collects patient data and delivers it to a software system so that patients and/or healthcare professionals
may review it. In order to provide the proper care or provide warnings. If a patient's condition is
uncertain, then it generates an alert to a doctor. A doctor will prescribe medicine and also provide
treatment. For example, an IoT sensor that detects a patient's unusually low heart rate can send out a
warning so that hospital personnel can intervene [10].

LITERATURE REVIEW
Reference Problem Solution Technology Result Evaluation
Statement
[11] Orthopedic patients These problems can Intelligent machine  
facing problem of be solved by learning-based and
visiting the medical providing IoMT IoMT.
facilities, medicine system.
purchase, testing
and report
monitoring during
COVID-19
[12] Security and Developed a web- Cloud based  
privacy of IoMT based Security
system Assessment
Framework
[13] There were no Wearable device IoWT and Cloud  
wireless devices such as textile based
that can be used wearables
from home.
[14] Secure BAKMP-IoMT Block chain  
transmission of provides secure key
patient data management
between smart between
devices. implantable
medical devices
and personal
servers and
between personal
servers and cloud
servers.
[15] People in the rural This problem can IoMT  
area are still having be solved by real
a hard time to time patient
obtain professional monitoring
healthcare services
due to the barrier of
distance and lack of
doctors.
[16] Fall detection Proposed a Cloud Computing and  
problem framework that IoT devices
uses edge
computing where
instead of sending
data to the cloud,
wearable devices
send data to a
nearby edge device
like a laptop or
mobile device for
real-time analysis
[17] The spread of A portable IoT device  
disease as well as physiological
to get a proper checking
 diagnosis of the framework is
state of health, even displayed, which
if the doctor is at can constantly
far distance. screen the patient’s
heartbeat,
temperature and
other basic
parameters of the
room.
[18] The longer time Proposed a self- IoT Cloud Services  
delay of monitoring quarantine system
packed customers to monitor the
who enter public or condition of the
private agencies, patient remotely
which can lead to a using cloud
risky field for technology. The
disease system monitors
propagation. the temperature and
Spo2 level
continuously and
upload it to a
private server in
certain interval of
time. So, the doctor
or caretaker can
view the condition
of the patient
remotely.
[19] Healthcare Investigate how Wearable Patient  
providers are current Monitoring
coping with ever technological
growing healthcare barriers and
challenges challenges limiting
including an ageing the global clinical
population, chronic adoption of bed-
diseases, the cost of side patient
hospitalization, and monitoring have
the risk of medical been reduced by
errors. the use of WPM
systems.
[20] Lack of symptom These problems can Intelligent machine  
monitoring and be solved by learning-based and
seeking treatment providing IoMT IoMT.
when necessary, system.
particularly
between their
visits, may result in
hospital
readmissions in this
population.
 [21] Chronic critically Developed a web- Cloud based  
ill patient based Security
management. Assessment
Framework

1) HARDWARE COMPONENT
 ARDUINO NANO
Arduino Nano is a type of microcontroller board created by Arduino. cc [22]. It can be built using
a microcontroller such as the Atmega328 [23]. This microcontroller can also be found in the Arduino
UNO [24]. It is a tiny board that is very versatile, with a wide range of uses [25].

This board, like an Arduino Duemilanove board, contains various functionalities and features
[26]. However, the packaging of this Nano board is unique [27]. It lacks a DC jack, thus power is
supplied via a small USB port rather than being directly attached to pins such as VCC and GND [28]. A
small USB connector on the board allows this board to be powered from 6 to 20 volts [29].

Figure 1 Arduino Nano board

 ECG SENSOR (AD8232)

The AD8232 ECG sensor is a commercial board that measures the electrical activity of the
human heart [30]. This action can be graphed like an electrocardiogram, with the result being an analog
measurement [31]. ECG can be highly loud, so the AD8232 chip can be used to minimize the noise [32].

As a result, it is intended to extract, amplify, and filter tiny bio potential signals in the presence of
noisy conditions caused by mobility or remote electrode placement [33]. Up to 3 sensors (electrodes) are
connected to the chest and limbs during an ECG [34]. The electrodes are sticky patches that connect to a
monitor through wires [35]. They record the electrical signals produced by the heart [36].

Figure 2 ECG sensor AD8232

 TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY SENSOR (dht11)

The Temperature and Humidity sensor (dht11) is a simple and inexpensive digital sensor
[37]. It measures the atmospheric air with a capacitive humidity sensor and a thermistor and
outputs a digital signal on the data pin (no analog input pins needed) [38]. It is relatively simple
to operate, however, data collection requires precise timing [39]. In resistive humidity sensors,
ions in salts are used to detect the electrical resistance of atoms [40]. The resistance of the
electrodes on either side of the salt medium changes as humidity changes[41]. Two thermal
sensors transmit electricity based on the surrounding air humidity [42].
 Figure 3 Temperature and Humidity sensor (dht11)

 HEART RATE AND SPO2 SENSOR (MAX30102/ MAX30100)

The pulse oximetry method is used to assess heart rate and SpO2 [43]. Pulse oximetry is
a non-invasive technique for determining heart rate and oxygen saturation [44]. A pulse oximeter
is a device that uses pulse oximetry methods [45]. It features a sensor that consists of two LED
lights that radiate in the red (650nm) and infrared (950nm) spectrums [46].

The MAX30102/ MAX30100 is a sensor package that combines pulse oximetry with a
heart rate monitor [47]. It detects pulse oximetry and heart rate signals by combining a
photodetector, improved optics, and low-noise analog signal processing [48].

Figure 4 Heart Rate and SPO2 sensor (MAX30102/ MAX30100)

 ESP32 WI-FI BASED MICROCONTROLLER DEVELOPMENT BOARD
ESP32 is a low-cost, low-power system-on-a-chip microcontroller chip featuring built-in
Wi-Fi and dual-mode Bluetooth [49]. Espressif Systems designed the ESP32 with a variety
of SoC (System on a Chip) and modules [50]. The ESP32 SoC chip has Wi-Fi networking,
supporting 802.11 b/g/n in the 2.4GHz band and attaining speeds of up to 150 Mbits/s [51].

ESP32 includes Bluetooth connectivity that is Bluetooth v4.2 and Bluetooth Low Energy
compliant (BLE) [52]. The ESP32 client is configured as a station. As a result, it can connect to
the wireless network of the ESP32 server. The ESP32 can operate as a fully autonomous system
or as a slave device to a host MCU, minimizing communication stack overhead on the primary
application CPU [53].

Figure 5 ESP32 WIFI based microcontroller

 TEMPERATURE SENSOR (MLX90614)

The MLX90614 is a Contactless Infrared (IR) Digital Temperature Sensor that measures
the temperature of a specific object between -70°C and 382.2°C. This sensor works by focusing
an object's infrared energy onto one or more photodetectors [54]. These photodetectors turn that
energy into an electrical signal proportionate to the object's infrared energy. Infrared
thermometers use a lens to concentrate the infrared light emitted by the object onto a thermopile
detector. The thermopile consists of only a series or parallel connection of thermocouples [55].
Infrared radiation strikes the thermopile's surface, where it is absorbed and converted into heat
[56].

Figure 6 Temperature sensor (MLX90614)

2) WORKING
 METHODOLOGY
OnSpot Cure system will have three types of roles i.e. admin, patient, and doctor. An
admin registers doctors and patients in the system. Once a doctor and patient data are stored in a
database, it can be modified or erased by an admin. If a doctor recommends an RCure device to a
patient, then the patient will pay the payment of a device and take it home. After connecting the
RCure device to the patient, the data will be started uploading on both the website and mobile
application. Also, the doctor will be able to see the patient's vital signs remotely. In case of
emergency, if an uncertain patient's vital signs are recorded through an RCure device, then the
doctor will be notified. Through mobile and web applications, the patient will be able to booked
an appointment with his doctor. The doctor will prescribe medicine to a patient and provide
treatment details. These treatment and medicine details will be stored in the application. If a
patient's condition gets better, then the RCure device will be returned to a doctor. 
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