PHINMA Araullo University

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION AND LIBERAL ARTS

Long Test in
EDU 554: Literacy Development

General Instructions:
 Read and understand the instructions before answering.
 Any form of CHEATING IS PROHIBITED!
 ERASURES are not allowed.
 Queries should be addressed to the teacher or to the assigned proctor ONLY.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Encircle the letter of your answer.

1. Which of the following best describes the critical period for children as literacy
learners?
a. The age a child is most receptive to learn language
b. The age when they learn to eat on their own.
c. The age when the child starts to learn language.
d. The age when the child stops to learn language.
2. Which of the following best exemplifies babbling speech?
a. No!
b. Maa-maa-maa-maa
c. Poopoo
d. Ooo-ooooo
3. How does first language acquisition occur?
a. By reading a book
b. Through kindergarten
c. Explicit language instruction
d. Interaction with immediate family members and caregiver
4. Which of the following concepts of print is the most basic, and one that you would
most likely teach first?
a. Books have titles.
b. Sentences begin with capital letters.
c. Written words are divided with spaces.
d. What we say can be written down.
5. Which of the following shows why reading is important for children as learners?
a. To help young learners feel happy.
b. The young learners can be understood.
c. To make young learners realize they don’t know anything.
d. To help learners to know sounds, words, and language, and develop early
literacy skills.
6. A first-grade teacher is working with a small group of emergent readers and would like
to promote their ability to identify the final consonant sound in spoken words. Which
of the following student activities would best promote achievement of this goal?
a. writing all the words they know that end in the same final sound and reading
the words aloud
b. saying aloud the words depicted on picture cards and sorting the cards by
the last sound in each word
c. circling the last letter of each word on a list of grade-level words and saying the
letter's name aloud
d. reading a simple grade-level poem aloud and segmenting the onsets and rimes
of the final word in each line
7. Which of the following can be best used in creating a literate environment in the
classroom?
a. letters and text
b. sentence and words
c. sentence and words
d. labels, posters, messages, and word wall
8. Which one does not include the way to make a child more interested in reading?
a. Provide the interesting material
b. Provide the food that they want
c. Provide the food that they want
d. Make connections between reading and real life
9. Which of the following can be best used in creating a literate environment in the
classroom?
a. morphemes / syllables
b. sentence and words
c. letters and text
d. labels, posters, messages, and word wall
10. When reading aloud to students, when is the best time to give several examples
of how new vocabulary words are used in other contexts and to make connections
between new vocabulary words and students' experiences?
a. after the story has been read to the class
b. about halfway through the reading of the selection
c. at point of use when the vocabulary appears in the selection
d. in language development sessions about a week prior to the reading of the
section
11. Conventional literacy skills refer to skills such as which of the following?
a. Rimes
b. Writing and spelling
c. Decoding and oral reading fluency
d. Decoding, reading fluency, reading comprehension, writing and spellings
12. A preschooler knows that the capital letter "M" is for McDonald's. This is the
start of which of the following?
a. Reading fluency
 b. Print awareness
c. Alphabet knowledge
d. Phonological awareness
13. In early childhood, language development and literacy development _____.
a. refer to the same concept and can be used interchangeably
b. refer to two different concepts but can be used interchangeably
c. refer to two completely different concepts and they are unrelated
d. refer to two related concepts which cannot be used interchangeably
14. Among the four given options, which language development milestone will a
child achieve first?
a. understands "no"
b. smiles at speaker
c. responds to his or her name
d. recognizes mother's voice
15. A teacher assesses an English Language Learner's sound-symbol recognition,
vocabulary acquisition, and grammar. Which aspect of the student's oral language and
literacy development is the teacher assessing?
a. multiple contexts
b. discrete aspects
c. holistic representations
d. holistic representations
16. Child A’s mother describes to her how the blender works. Which interaction
strategy is evident in this?
a. Shared reference and eye contact
b. Verbal mapping
c. Mediation
d. Child-directed speech
17. Teacher V changes the hifalutin words in her story book into simpler words that
the children know. Which interaction strategy is evident in this?
a. Shared reference and eye contact
b. Verbal mapping
c. Mediation
d. Child-directed speech
18. Child B’s sister makes sure her opinion is heard when they are talking. Which
interaction strategy is evident in this?
a. Linguistic scaffold
b. Verbal mapping
c. Communication loops
d. Mediation
19. When reading stories to her pupils, Teacher L stops from time to time to point
at the pictures and asks questions to her students. When doing this, she makes
sure that all of the pupils are looking at what she is pointing. Which interaction
strategy is evident here?
a. Shared reference and eye contact
 b. Linguistic scaffold
c. Verbal mapping
d. Child directed speech
20. Sometimes, Child M’s mother needs to provide the words for her when she is
out of words. Which interaction strategy is evident in this?
a. Child-directed speech
b. Linguistic scaffold
c. Verbal mapping
d. Communication loops
21. Adult A: ‘Punta ka school?’ Which interaction strategy is evident in this?
a. Linguistic scaffold
b. Verbal mapping
c. Child-directed speech
d. Communication loops
22. In Teacher R’s classroom, one will see clays, colorful popsicle sticks, and other
objects attractive to kids. Which role of an early childhood education teacher is
satisfied by this?
a. Making instructional decisions
b. Creating a positive learning environment
c. Using effective interaction strategies
d. Professional knowledge and training
23. A baby does not initially know the name of milk but when the mother
consistently utters the word ‘milk’ every time she gives her milk, the baby will
eventually learn the word. Which theoretical perspective supports this?
a. Naturalist
b. Behaviorist
c. Interactive
d. Transactional
24. One key distinguishing feature of this theoretical perspective of literacy
development is the social-cultural setting in which the reading and/or writing
occurs.
a. Naturalist
b. Behaviorist
c. Interactive
d. Transactional
25. Children have the innate capacity to learn language. Which of the following fits
to the description?
a. Naturalist
b. Behaviorist
c. Interactive
d. Transactional
26. Child C has delayed speech development. The child spends her time lying in her
crib since both her parents are busy. She does not have siblings. Which of the
following theoretical perspectives best explains this phenomenon?
a. Naturalist
b. Behaviorist
 c. Interactive
d. Transactional
27. Which of this theoretical perspective posits that children need both informal
and formal learning activities and instruction to acquire literacy.
a. Naturalist
b. Behaviorist
c. Interactive
d. Transactional
28. Child Q says wee-wee whenever he wants to go to the toilet. Which of these
stages of oral language development is evident?
a. Cooing
b. Babbling
c. One-word
d. Telegraphic
29. ‘Mama, go wee-wee.’ Which of these stages of oral language development is
shown here?
a. Cooing
b. One-word
c. Telegraphic
d. Beginning oral fluency
30. Which of the following most likely develops in the womb?
a. Receptive language
b. Expressive language
c. Neither
d. Both
31. Which does NOT promote beginners' oral English development?
a. Emphasis on speaking in grammatically correct sentences.
b. Participating with drawing, gesturing or simple expressions.
c. Social-emotional support to help them adjust.
d. Social-emotional support to help them adjust.
32. A first-grade teacher is working with a small group of emergent readers and
would like to promote their ability to identify the final consonant sound in spoken
words. Which of the following student activities would best promote achievement of
this goal?
a. reading a simple grade-level poem aloud and segmenting the onsets and rimes of
the final word in each line.
b. writing all the words they know that end in the same final sound and reading the
words aloud
c. saying aloud the words depicted on picture cards and sorting the cards by
the last sound in each word
d. saying aloud the words depicted on picture cards and sorting the cards by
the last sound in each word
33. With the goal of guiding students' revision of their writing, a teacher wants to
provide meaningful feedback on students' first drafts during one-on-one
 conferences. Which of the following approaches would be most effective for the
teacher to use to achieve this goal?
a. highlighting text that needs extensive revision and asking students to describe
how they plan to rewrite the highlighted text
b. using academic language and domain-specific terms when discussing students'
drafts and evaluating students' writing performance
c. identifying errors in grammar and mechanics and showing students
examples of correct usage of standard writing conventions
d. commenting on a draft's strengths before making explicit suggestions for
improving the draft to meet specific criteria
34. How are social literacy and academic literacy different?
a. Social literacy requires the use of texts that reflect multiple content areas, while
academic literacy enables students to communicate through the use of electronic
devices.
b. Social literacy requires the use of texts that reflect multiple content areas, while
academic literacy enables students to communicate through the use of electronic
devices.
c. Academic literacy requires the use of skills that are less cognitively demanding
than social literacy.
d. Academic literacy requires the use of skills that are less cognitively demanding
than social literacy.
35. Which of the following best describes this statement: A child must be able to
read during the first week of kindergarten.?
a. True. 3-5 years old children are already fluent in the oral language so it would be
easier for them to start reading.
b. True. This is the most teachable stage among children.
c. False. Children will not be able to learn reading this early.
d. False. Children have different paces of learning.
36. Which of the following best describes this statement: Adults who lack literacy
skill can never affect the development of their children’s literacy skills.?
a. True. Literacy is primarily learned from the teacher.
b. True. Parents do not need to teach or help the children to facilitate independent
learning.
c. False. Parents should at least know how to correct their children’s oral and
written grammar.
d. False. Parents should be able to help their children with their academic
assignments.

37. Which of the following best describes the Naturalist perspective in language
development?
a. It focuses on the Top-Down Model.
b. It emphasizes the natural capacity of humans to acquire language.
c. It focuses on the Bottom-Up Model.
d. Both a and b are correct.
e. Both b and c are correct.
38. 1. Children are encouraged to interact in an authentic reading and writing related activities from
the first day of school instead od skill workbooks, children have opportunities to write their own
stories and spend time in the classroom library.
2. Real literature is used rather than texts that have been designed for a specific reading level.
Trade books are used instead of a basal reader.
3. The curriculum is child-centered rather than textbook-centered.
The above-mentioned are the characteristics of classrooms under which perspective
of language development?
a. Behaviorist
b. Naturalist
c. Interactive
d. Transactional
39. Which of the following does not belong in the components of Transactional
Perspective of language development?
a. Reader
b. Text
c. Language
d. Context
40.