Lesson Stages- Pre, while and post tasks

Pre-reading/ listening

A. Possible rationales

1. stir interest in the topic

2. create expectations
3. predict what they will read/ listen to
4. pre-teach vocabulary to facilitate understanding (level R+1, L+1)

B. Examples of tasks

1. read the title/headings or both and predict the contents of the text
2. match photos to vocabulary items
3. match words and their definitions/synonyms/ antonyms
4. ask questions about likes/dislikes in relation to the topic
5. elicit comments on a proverb/saying related to the topic
6. present statistics related to the topics and ask whether they information is true of false

While-reading/listening

A. Possible rationales
1. Read/listen to confirm expectations
2. Read/listen to get the general picture
3. Read/listen to extract information
4. Understand the way texts are structured
5. Recognize language functions performed
6. Recognize the role of cohesive devices
7. Carry out instructions
8. Identify tone/purpose

B. Examples of tasks
1. Decide is statements are true/ false/ not given
2. Multiple choice questions
3. Fill in chart/ table/ form with info from the text
4. Jumbled texts- arrange paragraphs
5. Place sentences or paragraphs where they belong in a text
6. Fill in a summary of the text with key words form the text
7. Match paragraphs to headings
8. Jigsaw reading/ viewing/ listening (students read or listen to different texts on the same
topic and solve a task by cooperating)
9. Match photos to text or parts of text
10. Match paragraphs to topic sentences
11. Freeze frame- students predict what the characters say/do next
12. Problem solving
13. Comprehension questions
Post-reading/listening

A. Possible rationales
1. To get an emotional response to the topic
2. To encourage creativity
3. To give free practice opportunity of the vocabulary/ structures taught

B. Examples of tasks
1. Open ended questions
2. Students interview each other in pairs to fill in information
3. Role play
4. Write a letter/ an email/ an article/ a report/ a proposal
5. Change the ending
6. Replace all adjectives with their opposites
7. Continue the story
8. Comment upon the ideas/ make personal choices
9. Compare content of text with real life situations
10. Profile a character
11. Make a movie/video