© 2022 - The Tire and Rim Association, Inc.

- 2022

2022 YEAR BOOK

1903 2022

THE PURPOSES of The Tire and Rim Association, Inc., include the establishment and prom-
ulgation of interchangeability standards for tires, rims and allied parts for the guidance of manufacturers
and users of such products, designers and manufacturers of motor vehicles, aircraft and other wheeled
vehicles and equipment, and governmental and other regulatory bodies.

THE TIRE AND RIM ASSOCIATION, INC., has no responsibility or involvement with respect to
the utility or performance of any tire, rim or allied part, which may be manufactured in conformity to such
standards.

THE TIRE AND RIM ASSOCIATION, INC. has neither investigated nor considered patents in
connection with any matter covered herein, and is not responsible for any infringements which may arise
from the manufacture or use of any articles described in the publication.

ALL INFORMATION contained in this publication is to be considered as advisory only. Any use
to be made of such information, whether by a member of this association or any non-member, is entirely
within the control and discretion of the user and is wholly voluntary.

MEMBERS’ OR NON-MEMBERS’ representations or claims that their products conform to the
standards of The Tire and Rim Association, Inc. are not authorized in any manner to be made on behalf
of The Tire and Rim Association, Inc., and any such representations or claims are not made by or on
behalf of The Tire and Rim Association, Inc., which does not endorse or approve any of such products
of members or non-members either as complying with the standards of The Tire and Rim Association Inc.,
or otherwise.

THE TIRE AND RIM ASSOCIATION, INC.

4000 Embassy Parkway, Suite 390
Akron, Ohio 44333
Phone - 330-666-8121
Fax - 330-666-8340
e-mail - tra@us-tra.org
Website - us-tra.org

Copyright 2022 by The Tire and Rim Association, Inc.

Printed in U.S.A.
All rights reserved.
This publication is officially published and distributed by The Tire and Rim Association, Inc. in English,
and may not be translated without the prior written permission of the Association. If translation is permit-
ted, the substance of any translation must be approved by the Association before any permitted use or
publication.

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 © 2022 - The Tire and Rim Association, Inc. - 2022 II

TIRE AND RIM ASSOCIATION PUBLICATIONS

YEAR BOOK

The YEAR BOOK contains all TRA Standards and related information approved by the Association
for tires, rims and allied parts for ground vehicles. These Standards include tire designations; tire
load ratings and dimensions; approved rim contour(s) and valve(s) for each tire size; rim contour
dimensions; valve dimensions; and other data and notes necessary for tire/rim/valve
interchangeability. This Year Book is also available digitally.

AIRCRAFT YEAR BOOK

The AIRCRAFT YEAR BOOK contains all TRA Standards and related information approved by the
Associaiton for tires, rims and allied parts for aircraft. These Standards include tire designations; tire
load ratings and dimensions; approved rim contour(s) and valve(s) for each aircraft tire size; rim
contour dimensions; valve dimensions; and other data and notes necessary for aircraft tire/rim/valve
interchangeability.

ENGINEERING DESIGN INFORMATION FOR GROUND VEHICLE TIRES

Additional engineering data established by the Association for ground vehicle tires are published in the
ENGINEERING DESIGN INFORMATION BOOK.

ENGINEERING DESIGN INFORMATION FOR AIRCRAFT TIRES

Additional engineering data established by the Association for aircraft tires are published in the
ENGINEERING DESIGN INFORMATION BOOK FOR AIRCRAFT TIRES.

MILITARY SUPPLEMENT

The MILITARY SUPPLEMENT contains all TRA Military Standards and related information approved
by the Association for tires, rims and allied parts for military ground vehicles. These Standards
include tire designations; load ratings and dimensions and approved rim contour(s) for each tire size;
rim contour dimensions and other data and notes necessary for tire / rim interchangeability.

NOTE: All publications are available from the Tire and Rim Association office.

TRA RIM CONTOUR INSPECTION MATERIALS

The Tire and Rim Association has available RIM CONTOUR INSPECTION MATERIALS used for
the measurement of rim profiles to TRA standard dimensions. This equipment consists primarily of
sliding and one-piece templates to measure the rim profile (flange contour, bead seat, well location,
etc.) and disk tapes to measure the bead seat diameter (circumferentially). Inspection procedures
and additional explanations are provided in Section 8.

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 © 2022 - The Tire and Rim Association, Inc. - 2022 III

ASSOCIATION OFFICERS
2022

PRESIDENT
J. SPEARS, Continental Tire the Americas, LLC
Fort Mill, South Carolina

VICE PRESIDENT
J. R. MARTIN, Toyo Tire Holdings of Americas
Cypress, California

EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT AND SECRETARY

R. E. CONSOLACION, The Tire and Rim Association, Inc.
Akron, Ohio

TREASURER
R. J. RICHARDS, The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company
Akron, Ohio

GENERAL COUNSEL
C. MOWERY, Roetzel & Andress
Akron, Ohio

BOARD OF TRUSTEES
J. SPEARS, Chair, Continental Tire the Americas, LLC, Fort Mill, South Carolina
C. R. KESSLER, Accuride Corporation, Evansville, Indiana
A. TANK, Bridgestone Americas Tire Operations, Akron, Ohio
B. J. RUMP, The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, Akron, Ohio
D. TERRILL, Hankook Tire Manufacturing Ltd., Taejon, Korea
D. MASON, Howmet, Cleveland, Ohio
J. WOLF, Maxion Wheels, Novi, Michigan
J. SATTERFIELD, Michelin North America, Inc., Greenville, South Carolina
S. CARPINO, Pirelli Tire North America, Rome, Georgia
D. A. BADZINSKI, Sumitomo Rubber USA, Tonawanda, New York
J. GRASSO, Titan International, Inc., Quincy, Illinois
T. HOWARD, Topy America, Inc., Frankfort, Kentucky
J. R. MARTIN, Toyo Tire Holdings of Americas, Cypress, California

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 © 2022 - The Tire and Rim Association, Inc. - 2022 IV

ASSOCIATION MEMBERS
Tire Members Representative Alternate
American Kenda Rubber Industrial Co. Ltd., Reynoldsburg, Ohio......T. Williams D. Shavers
BKT USA, Inc., Akron, Ohio................................................................M. Mehta C. Durbin
Bridgestone Americas Tire Operations, Akron, Ohio...........................A. Tank R. Close
The Carlstar Group, LLC, Clinton, Tennessee....................................D. Dahl R. Hogg
Cheng Shin Rubber USA, Inc. (Maxxis), Suwanee, Georgia..............B. Chung C. Sun
Continental Tire the Americas, Fort Mill, South Carolina.....................J. Spears S. Bellenger
Dunlop Aircraft Tyres, Inc., Mocksville, North Carolina.......................C. Valentine M. Limiti
Duro Tire Corporation, Covington, Georgia.........................................C. A. Bryan K. Brantley
Giti Tire, Richburg, South Carolina......................................................H. Aboutorabi R. Cooper
The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, Akron, Ohio.........................B. J. Rump M. Cherveny
Guizhou Tyre Ltd., Guizhou, China.....................................................C. Chuanhu M. Lammlein
Hankook Tire Mfg., Ltd., Taejon, Korea...............................................B. Wheeler J. Ahn
JK Tyre and Industries Ltd., New Delhi, India.....................................R. Tiede K. Joshi
Kumho Tire Company, Inc., Seoul, South Korea.................................R. Cunat M. D. Panning
Linglong Americas Inc., Medina, Ohio.................................................C. D. Miller
Michelin North America, Inc., Greenville, South Carolina...................J. Satterfield D. Josson
Michelin Aircraft Tire Company, LLC, Greenville, South Carolina.......S. Lindsey W. Davis
Nexen Tire, Richfield, Ohio.................................................................D. Lee A. Neumann
Nokian Tyres Ltd., Nokia, Finland.......................................................S. Bourassa O. Seppala
Pirelli Tire North America, Rome, Georgia..........................................S. Carpino B. Laney
Prometeon Tyre Group LLC, Rome, Georgia.....................................M. Verzino C. Fernandez
Specialty Tires of America, Inc., Indiana, Pennsylvania......................T. Stadtmiller
Sumitomo Rubber USA, Tonawanda, New York.................................D. A. Badzinski M. Pisarzewicz
Tianjin Wanda Tyre Goup Company, Ltd., Duluth, Georgia................B. Tai B. Nyland
Toyo Tire Holdings of Americas, Cypress, California..........................J. R. Martin S. Altomare
Trelleborg Wheel Systems Americas, Inc., Charles City, Iowa............G. Payne N. Herbener
Triangle Tire Company, Ltd., Shandong, China..................................Y. Ding Z. Tao
The Yokohama Tire Corporation, Tokyo, Japan..................................T. Kenny J. Kahrs

Rim and/or Wheel Members

Accuride Corporation, Evansville, Indiana..........................................C. R. Kessler P. Simms
Advance Wheel, Chicago, Illinois........................................................W. L. Dods K. Rohrbacher
Collins Aerospace, Troy, Ohio.............................................................B. Francis S. R. McCrillis
ESE Carbon Company, Miami, Florida................................................M. Hayes C. Hermida
Honeywell Aerospace, South Bend, Indiana.......................................T. Auel J. H. Champion
Howmet, Cleveland, Ohio...................................................................D. Mason M. Yagley
Hutchinson Industries, Inc., Trenton, New Jersey...............................P. Hobe J. Resare
Maxion Wheels, Novi, Michigan..........................................................J. Wolf K. Santos
Meggitt Aircraft Braking Systems, Akron, Ohio....................................B. Cole A. Mascioli
moveero, Inc., Armstrong, Iowa...........................................................A. Dahl R. Morrow
OTR Wheel Engineering, Inc., Rome, Georgia...................................L. A. Hensel C. Strabley
Parker-Hannifin Aircraft Wheel & Brake, Avon, Ohio...........................P. Kronz J. B. Fravel
Prime Wheel, Gardena, California......................................................J. Gokim M. Tung
Rimex Supply Ltd., Langley, British Columbia, Canada......................T. James J. Robertson
Titan International, Inc., Quincy, Illinois...............................................J. Grasso R. Sibbing
Topy America, Inc., Frankfort, Kentucky..............................................T. Howard

Allied Part Members

Dill Air Controls Products, Oxford, North Carolina..............................K. Soderstrom S. Lakin
Haltec Corporation, Salem, Ohio........................................................P. Fountain J. Fitzgerald
Pacific Manufacturing Ohio, Inc., Fairfield, Ohio.................................M. Becker T. Hibino
Sensata Technologies, Troy, Michigan................................................Y. Leduc

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 © 2022 - The Tire and Rim Association, Inc. - 2022 V

AFFILIATED MEMBERS

Foreign Corresponding Members

Tire Members Representative

Alliance Tire Co., Ltd., Hadera, Israel............................................................ L. Vilkomirsky

Bridgestone Australia Ltd., Salisbury, South Australia.................................... G. Middleton
Deestone International Co., Ltd., Nakhon Pathom, Thailand......................... M. Jaipakdee
Otani Tire Co., Ltd., Nakornpathom, Thailand................................................ Ekachai Limpichotipong
P. T. Industri Karet Deli, Medan, Indonesia..................................................... Dr. T. K. Tio
Pirelli Tyre, S.p.A., Milano, Italy...................................................................... M. Spinetto
Trelleborg Wheel Systems Italia, Roma, Italy..................................................M. DeLiddo

(continued)

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 © 2022 - The Tire and Rim Association, Inc. - 2022 VI

Foreign Corresponding Members

Rim Members Representative

Alcar Ruote SA., Manno, Switzerland ..................................................................C. Diebold
Canadian Tool & Die, Ltd., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.....................................T. Ma
Tecnoroad Rodas e Pneus para Tratores Ltda, Americana, Brazil ......................A. Arcaro
Titan Steel Wheels Limited, Worcestershire, England...........................................A. Willmott
Topy Industries, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.......................................................................Y. Ogawa

Allied Part Member

Exactra Inc., Brampton, Ontario, Canada..............................................................M. Robitaille
Lu Hai Holding Corp., Taiwan Branch (Cayman Islands)......................................S. Hsu

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 © 2022 - The Tire and Rim Association, Inc. - 2022 VII

FOREIGN ORGANIZATIONS IN LIAISON WITH

THE TIRE AND RIM ASSOCIATION
The Tire and Rim Association has established a liaison with the following
organizations:

Associacao Latino Americana De Pneus E Aros (ALAPA)

Av. Paulista, 2444 120 andar
cj. 124
Sao Paulo, BRAZIL

The Technical Committee on Tire and Rim Standardization of China (CAS)
A19 Fushi Road
Beijing, 100143 CHINA

European Tyre and Rim Technical Organisation (ETRTO)

Rue Defacqz 78-80
B-1060 Brussels, BELGIUM

Indian Tyre Technical Advisory Committee (ITTAC)

PHD House (4th Floor)
Opp. Asian Games Village
Siri Fort Institutional Area,
New Delhi 110 016 INDIA

The Japan Automobile Tire Manufacturers’ Association (JATMA)
No. 33 Mori Bldg. 8th Floor
3-8-21 Toranomon, Minato-Ku
Tokyo, 105-0001 JAPAN

The Scandinavian Tire & Rim Organization (STRO)

Radhusgatan 15
SE-742 42 Öregrund, SWEDEN

The Tyre and Rim Association of Australia (TRAA)

Suite 1, Hawthorn House
795 Glenferrie Rd.
Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, AUSTRALIA

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 © 2022 - The Tire and Rim Association, Inc. - 2022 VIII
ASSOCIATION COMMITTEES FOR 2022
STANDARDS COMMITTEE
J. R. MARTIN, Chair J. WOLF
Toyo Tire Holdings of Americas Maxion Wheels
P. SIMMS J. SATTERFIELD
Accuride Corporation Michelin North America, Inc.
R. CLOSE S. CARPINO
Bridgestone Americas Tire Operations Pirelli Tire North America, Inc.
J. SPEARS D. A. BADZINSKI
Continental Tire the Americas Sumitomo Rubber USA
B. J. RUMP J. GRASSO
The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Titan International, Inc.
D. TERRILL T. HOWARD
Hankook Tire Manufacturing Ltd. Topy America, Inc.
D. MASON
Howmet

TECHNICAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE

J. SATTERFIELD, Chair J. WOLF
Michelin North America, Inc. Maxion Wheels
P. SIMMS S. CARPINO
Accuride Corporation Pirelli Tire North America, Inc.
R. CLOSE D. A. BADZINSKI
Bridgestone Americas Tire Operations Sumitomo Rubber USA
J. SPEARS J. GRASSO
Continental Tire the Americas Titan International, Inc.
B. J. RUMP T. HOWARD
The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Topy America, Inc.
D. TERRILL J. R. MARTIN
Hankook Tire Manufacturing Ltd. Toyo Tire Holdings of Americas
D. MASON
Howmet

SUBCOMMITTEES OF THE STANDARDS COMMITTEE

PASSENGER CAR AND LIGHT TRUCK TIRE AND RIM STANDARDS
D. JOSSON, Chair A. NEUMANN
Michelin North America, Inc. Nexen Tire
S. COPELAND S. BOURASSA
Bridgestone Americas Tire Operations Nokian Tyres
C. BURFIEN L. SOUZA
Continental Tire the Americas Maxion Wheels
B. J. RUMP J. MAH
The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Maxxis Tires
C. DVORAK S. CARPINO
Hankook Tire Manufacturing Ltd. Pirelli Tire North America, Inc.
G. DEGEORGE D. A. BADZINSKI
Howmet Sumitomo Rubber USA
M. SKUFCA T. HOWARD
Kenda Tire Topy America, Inc.
A. WALLNER J. R. MARTIN
Kumho Tire Company Toyo Tire Holdings of Americas
C. D. MILLER J. NOLL
Linglong Americas, Inc. The Yokohama Tire Corporation

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 © 2022 - The Tire and Rim Association, Inc. - 2022 IX

SUBCOMMITTEES OF THE STANDARDS COMMITTEE (continued)

TRUCK-BUS TIRE AND RIM STANDARDS

R. CLOSE, Chair C. MILLER

Bridgestone Americas Tire Operations Linglong Americas, Inc.
A. EMERY D. WILSON
Accuride Corporation Maxion Wheels
C. BURFIEN J. ADCOX
Continental Tire the Americas Michelin North America, Inc.
R. R. COOPER M. VERZINO
Giti Tire Prometeon Tyre Group
G. DEGEORGE D. A. BADZINSKI
Howmet Sumitomo Rubber USA
E. LACZA D. VOGEL
The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Toyo Tire Holdings of America
B. LOESER A. GILLESPIE
Kumho Tire Company The Yokohama Tire Corporation

OFF-THE-ROAD TIRE AND RIM STANDARDS

J. GRASSO, Chair D. WILSON

Titan International, Inc. Maxion Wheels
R. TATLOCK J. ADCOX
BKT USA, Inc. Michelin North America, Inc.
J. BRAESSLER C. TROMBLEY
Bridgestone Americas Tire Operations Nokian Tyres
J. SPEARS L. HENSEL
Continental Tire the Americas OTR Wheel Engineering, Inc.
A. DAHL R. KRZYANIAK
moveero, Inc. Topy America, Inc.
R. NEUBAUER C. KACK
The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Trelleborg Wheel Systems Americas, Inc.
P. HOBE R. RUBIO
Hutchinson Industries, Inc. The Yokohama Tire Corporation

AGRICULTURAL TIRE AND RIM STANDARDS

J. GRASSO, Chair B. J. RUMP
Titan International, Inc. The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company
M. MCLEOD D. WILSON
Accuride Corporation Maxion Wheels
R. TATLOCK J. ADCOX
BKT USA, Inc. Michelin North America, Inc.
A. FISCHER C. TROMBLEY
Bridgestone Americas Tire Operations Nokian Tyres
A. MAYORGA L. HENSEL
Continental Tire the Americas OTR Wheel Engineering, Inc.
A. DAHL N. HERBENER
moveero, Inc. Trelleborg Wheel Systems Americas, Inc.

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 © 2022 - The Tire and Rim Association, Inc. - 2022 X

SUBCOMMITTEES OF THE STANDARDS COMMITTEE (continued)

INDUSTRIAL TIRE AND RIM STANDARDS

J. ADCOX, Chair A. PLASSARD

Michelin North America, Inc. Kenda Tire
R. TATLOCK D. WILSON
BKT USA, Inc. Maxion Wheels
A. FISCHER J. MAH
Bridgestone Americas Tire Operations Maxxis Tires
J. SPEARS C. TROMBLEY
Continental Tire the Americas Nokian Tyres
A. DAHL L. A. HENSEL
moveero, Inc. OTR Wheel Engineering, Inc.
B. J. RUMP J. GRASSO
The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Titan International, Inc.
G. DEGEORGE R. KRZYANIAK
Howmet Topy America, Inc.

CYCLE TIRE AND RIM STANDARDS

M. PISARZEWICZ, Chair J. MAH

Sumitomo Rubber USA Maxxis Tires
B. QUEISER D. JOSSON
Bridgestone Americas Tire Operations Michelin North America, Inc.
J. DANCY B. DAVENPORT
The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Pirelli Tire North America
A. PLASSARD
Kenda Tire

TUBE AND VALVE STANDARDS

K. SODERSTROM, Chair D. MASON

Dill Air Control Products Howmet
A. EMERY L. SOUZA
Accuride Corporation Maxion Wheels
M. WEATHERFORD T. POOLE
Bridgestone Americas Tire Operations Michelin North America, Inc.
J. SPEARS M. BECKER
Continental Tire the Americas Pacific Manufacturing Ohio, Inc.
E. LACZA Y. LEDUC
The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Sensata Technologies
P. FOUNTAIN
Haltec Corporation

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 © 2022 - The Tire and Rim Association, Inc. - 2022 XI

SUBCOMMITTEES OF THE STANDARDS COMMITTEE (continued)

AIRCRAFT TIRE AND RIM STANDARDS

P. R. KRONZ, Chair L. RAPSARD

Parker-Hannifin Aircraft Wheel & Brake The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company
J. PERKINS T. AUEL
Bridgestone Americas Tire Operations Honeywell Aerospace
B. FRANCIS B. COLE
Collins Aerospace Meggitt Aircraft Braking Systems
C. VALENTINE S. LINDSEY
Dunlop Aircraft Tyres Michelin Aircraft Tire Company

MILITARY TIRE AND RIM STANDARDS

D. SHY, Chair P. HOBE

The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Hutchinson Industries, Inc.
P. SIMMS D. WILSON
Accuride Corporation Maxion Wheels
R. CLOSE M. JOHNSTON
Bridgestone Americas Tire Operations Michelin North America, Inc.
J. SPEARS D. B. ZAHURANEC
Continental Tire the Americas Titan International, Inc.
G. DEGEORGE S. BISHEL
Howmet U. S. Army Tank-Automobile Command

NOTE: ALL ASSOCIATION MEMBERS (EXCEPT ASSOCIATE AND FOREIGN) ARE MEMBERS OF THESE SUBCOMMITTEES.
THE CHAIRPERSONS AND PERSONNEL ARE LISTED TO EXPEDITE ACTIVITIES.

TRA RESPONSIBILITIES IN
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION
TECHNICAL COMMITTEE 31 (TIRES, RIMS AND VALVES)
U.S. TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP FOR TC 31 REPRESENTATIVE
J. SATTERFIELD (Representative), Michelin North America, Inc.
R. E. CONSOLACION (Alternate), The Tire and Rim Association, Inc.

TRA EXPERTS ISO/TC 31 SUBCOMMITTEE

B. J RUMP, The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. SC 3 - PASSENGER CAR
P. K. MOSIER, The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. SC 4 - TRUCK-BUS
J. GRASSO, Titan International, Inc. SC 5 - AGRICULTURAL
J. GRASSO, Titan International, Inc. SC 6 - OFF-THE-ROAD
J. GRASSO, Titan International, Inc. SC 7 - INDUSTRIAL
K. SODERSTROM, Dill Air Control Products SC 9 - TIRE VALVE
M. PISARZEWICZ, Sumitomo Rubber USA SC 10 - CYCLE

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 © 2022 - The Tire and Rim Association, Inc. - 2022 XII

NEW TIRE DIMENSIONS

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Design/Measuring Rim Width - “Design/Measuring Rim Width” is the specific rim width assigned to
each tire size designation to determine basic tire dimensions.

Section Width - “Section Width” is the width of a new tire, including 24-hour inflation growth and
including normal sidewalls, but not including protective side ribs, bars, or decorations.

Overall Width - “Overall Width” is the width of a new tire, including 24-hour inflation growth, and
including protective side ribs, bars and decorations.

Overall Diameter - “Overall Diameter” is twice the section height of a new tire, including 24-hour
inflation growth, plus the nominal rim diameter.

Size Factor - “Size Factor” of an inflated tire is the sum of the section width and overall diameter.

Load Identification -
Load Range with a letter (A, B, C etc.), Standard Load, Light Load and Extra Load are
used to identify a given size highway tire with its load and inflation limits when used
in a specific type of service, as defined in the heading of TRA tables.

Ply Rating - The term “Ply Rating” is used to identify a given non-highway tire with its
maximum recommended load when used in a specific type of service. It is an index of
tire strength and does not necessarily represent the number of cord plies in the tire.

Load Index - A numerical code associated with the maximum load a tire can carry at the
speed indicated by its speed symbol under specified service conditions.

Symbol Mark () - Symbol used to identify a reference inflation pressure for a given size tire
and service condition and its corresponding load. See Off-the-Road and Industrial sections
for appropriate reference pressures and corresponding loads.

Static Loaded Radius - The distance from the wheel center to the contact surface at the reference
load and inflation pressure.

NOTE: See each section for dimensions of grown tires and/or minimum clearance allowances.

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 © 2022 - The Tire and Rim Association, Inc. - 2022 XIII

MEASURING PROCEDURE FOR NEW TIRES

For “P” Type Passenger Car Tires - Before measuring, tires shall be mounted and inflated to 180 kPa (26
psi) for Standard Load and 220 kPa (32 psi) for Extra Load, allowed to stand 24 hours minimum at ambient
room temperature and inflation pressure readjusted to 180 kPa (26 psi) for Standard Load and 220 kPa (32
psi) for Extra Load. The tire section width is to be measured at approximately 50% of the tire section height.

For “T” Type Passenger Car Tires - Before measuring, tires shall be mounted and inflated to 60 psi, allowed
to stand 24 hours minimum at ambient room temperature and inflation pressure readjusted to 60 psi.

For Other Passenger Car Tires - Before measuring, tires shall be mounted and inflated to 24 psi for Load
Range B, to 28 psi for Load Range C and to 32 psi for Load Range D, allowed to stand 24 hours minimum at
ambient room temperature and inflation pressure readjusted to 24 psi (Load Range B), 28 psi (Load Range
C) and 32 psi (Load Range D).

For Other Than Passenger Car Tires - Before measuring, tires shall be mounted and inflated to the pressure
for the maximum load (for duals if listed), allowed to stand 24 hours minimum at ambient room temperature
and inflation pressure readjusted to the pressure for the maximum load.

METHOD OF CALCULATING PERCENT TIRE DEFLECTION

The deflection is the difference between the unloaded and the loaded section heights. Percent deflection
is the difference divided by the unloaded section height above the top of the rim flange multiplied by 100.

TIRE WIDTHS AND MINIMUM SIZE FACTORS ON ALTERNATE RIMS

Tire widths and minimum size factors will change 0.20 inches for each 1/2 inch change in rim width (5 mm
for each 1/2 inch change in rim width for metric tires).
EXAMPLES:
Tire Size Rim Tire Design Grown Maximum Minimum
Designation Width Section Width Overall Tire Width Size Factor

P225/70R14 6.00 223 237 879

*6.50 *228 *242 *884
7.00 233 247 889

LT235/85R16 6.00 230 244 1017

*6.50 *235 *249 *1022
7.00 240 254 1027

10.00-20 *7.50 *10.95 *11.83 *51.67

8.00 11.15 12.03 51.87

18.4-28 15.00 18.00 19.47 --

*16.00 *18.40 *19.87 --

*Bold face denotes design (new) tire section width, maximum grown overall tire width and
minimum size factor on design rim width or measuring rim width.

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 © 2022 - The Tire and Rim Association, Inc. - 2022 XIV

DUAL SPACING

Dual Spacing can be measured from the tire tread centerline to tire tread centerline. Dual spacing is a
function of rim/wheel offset.

Minimum Dual Spacing is based on tire dimensions only to prevent grown, deflected tires from contacting
one another during usage.

PREFIX LETTERS USED BY THE TIRE AND RIM ASSOCIATION

IN TIRE SIZE DESIGNATIONS AND THEIR DEFINITIONS

Prefix letters are included, when necessary, as part of Tire Size Designations to
differentiate between tires designed for service conditions which may require
different loads and inflaitons and/or tires designed for and which must be used on
different types of rims.
AT - Identifies a tire intended for service on All-Terrain Vehicles.

DH - Identifies a tire intended for agricultural and logging service which must
be mounted on a DH drop center rim.

K - Identifies a tire intended for 3-wheeled motorized vehicles without

camber steering.

LT - Identifies a tire primarily intended for service on light trucks.

P - Identifies a tire primarily intended for service on passenger cars.

T - Identifies a tire intended for one-position “temporary use” as a spare only.

VA - Identifies a tire intended for agricultural and logging service which must
be mounted on a VA multipiece rim.

ST - Identifies a special tire for trailers in highway service.

IF - Identifies an agricultural tire to operate at 20% higher rated load than standard
metric tires at the same inflation pressure.

VF - Identifies an agricultural tire to operate at 40% higher rated load than standard
metric tires at the same inflation pressure.

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 © 2022 - The Tire and Rim Association, Inc. - 2022 XV

SUFFIX LETTERS USED BY THE TIRE AND RIM ASSOCIATION

IN TIRE SIZE DESIGNATIONS AND THEIR DEFINITIONS
Suffix letters are included, when necessary, as part of Tire Size Designations to differentiate between
tires for service conditions which may require different loads and inflations and/or tires, which must be
used on different types of rims. Example: 7.50-15LT, 7.50-15NHS, 7.50-15TR.

TRUCK-BUS
TR - Tires for service on Trucks, Busses and other vehicles with rims having specified rim
diameter of nominal plus .156” or plus .250”. This suffix is intended to differentiate among tires for
Passenger Car, Light Truck, and other vehicles or other services, which use similar designations.

ML - Mining and Logging tires used in intermittent highway service.

MH - Tires for Mobile Homes.

HC - Identifies a 17.5 rim diameter code tire for use on low platform trailers.
LIGHT TRUCK
LT - Light Truck tires for service on Trucks, Busses, Trailers and Multipurpose Passenger Vehicles
used in normal highway service.

ST - Special tires for trailers in highway service.

OFF-THE-ROAD
DT - Tires primarily designed for sand and paver service.

NHS - Not for Highway Service.

TG - Off-the-Road tire for use on rims having bead seats with nominal +0.188” diameter
(not for highway service).

K - Compactor tire for use on 5° drop center or semi-drop center rims having bead seats with
nominal minus .032 diameter.

AGRICULTURAL
IND - Drive wheel tractor tire used in industrial service.

IMP - Tires designed primarily for agricultural machines, implements or trailers which are not
suitable for sustained high torque service.

NHS - Not for Highway Service.

SL - Service limited to agricultural usage.

FI - Implement tire for agricultural towed highway service.

CFO - Cyclic Field Operation.

INDUSTRIAL
NHS - Not for Highway Service.

SS - Differentiates tires for off-highway vehicles such as mini and skid-steer loaders from other
tires which use similar size designations such as 7.00-15TR and 7.00-15NHS, but may use
different rim bead seat configurations.

ST - Special tires for trailers in highway service.

CYCLE
M/C - Identifies tires and rims for certain motorcycles.

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 © 2022 - The Tire and Rim Association, Inc. - 2022 XVI

RIM NOTES

RIM NOMENCLATURE DEFINITIONS

RIM SIZE DESIGNATION:

Rim Diameter Code x Rim Contour Designation (unless specifically defined otherwise).
Example: 17 x 8J

RIM DIAMETER CODE:

Nominal (named) rim diameter for tire/rim matching. See Section 8 for specified
rim diameter.

RIM CONTOUR DESIGNATION:

Identified by numbers and/or letters to show the designated width and contour of the
rim.

RIM SELECTION
TIRES SHOWN IN THIS YEAR BOOK ARE DESIGNED BY MANUFACTURERS FOR USE ON
RIMS WHICH MEET TIRE AND RIM ASSOCIATION STANDARDS. TO INSURE PROPER TIRE TO
RIM FIT, AND TIRE MOUNTABILITY, IT IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF VEHICLE MANUFACTURERS
AND VEHICLE USERS TO SPECIFY THAT RIMS COMPLY WITH THESE STANDARDS.

SEE PAGE 8-03 FOR NOTES ON LOADS AND INFLATIONS FOR RIMS AND WHEELS.

RIM DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCES

All TRA rim dimensions are applicable to the tire side of the rim.

The TRA rim dimensions, tolerances and drawing formats are predicated upon and correspond
to TRA tapes and gauges and the associated TRA measuring procedure. Use of different
procedures or other types of measuring apparatus is acceptable; however, they must be
correlated with the standard TRA measuring procedure.

Refer to Pages 8-62 thru 8-72 for inspection procedures for rim contours and valve holes.

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 © 2022 - The Tire and Rim Association, Inc. - 2022 XVII

S.I. UNIT CONVERSION FACTORS AND *TRA APPROVED

ROUNDING PROCEDURES FOR DIRECT NUMERIC CONVERSION
(UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED, THE DATA IN THIS YEAR BOOK ARE IN THE
CUSTOMARY (INCH-POUND) SYSTEM)
CUSTOMARY ACCURACY OF
MEASUREMENT S.I. UNIT CONVERSION FACTOR
UNIT CONVERTED UNITS
Tire dimensions =
nearest 0.1 mm
Rim dimensions =
a) nearest 0.1 mm
(for 2-place inch unit)
b) nearest 0.01 mm
Dimensions inch (in) millimeter (mm) mm = 25.4 x in
(for 3-place inch unit)
Valve and Valve
Hardware dimensions=
Round to one less
decimal place than the
original inch figure.
Distance mile (mi) kilometer (km) km = 1.609344 x mi Nearest km
Load Capacity pound (lb) kilogram (kg) kg = 0.4536 x lb Nearest kg
pounds per
Inflation Pressure square inch kilopascal (kPa) kPa = 6.895 x psi Nearest kPa
(psi)
miles per hour kilometer per
Speed km/h = 1.609344 x mph Nearest km/h
(mph) hour (km/h)
inch pound newton meter
Torque N•m = 0.113 x in-lb Nearest N•m
(in-lb) (N•m)

*The accuracy values are designated for converting present TRA data to S.I. Units in order to
maintain the accuracy of the original unit.

PRIMARY UNITS

Unless otherwise indicated in each Section, the first appearing units in the load table are the
primary units used in the calculation. The italicized units are derived from the primary units.

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© 2022 - The Tire and Rim Association, Inc. - 2022
Past Association Chairmen 1903-1921
H. O. Smith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G and J Tire Company
J. H. Gilson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hartford Rubber Works
J. O. Anderson . . . . . . . . . . . The Rubber Goods Company
P. W. Litchfield . . . . . . . . The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co.
H. E. Raymond . . . . . . . . . . . The B. F. Goodrich Company
Charles Semple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Empire Tire Company
J. H. Wagenhorst . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . United Rim Company
F. A. Seiberling . . . . . . . The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co.
E. R. Hall . . . . . . . . . . . . The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co.
H. K. Raymond . . . . . . . . . . . The B. F. Goodrich Company
C. C. Carlton . . . . . . . . . . The Firestone Tire & Rubber Co.
W. S. Wolfe . . . . . . . . . . . The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co.
W. W. McMahan . . . . . . . . . . . United States Tire Company
W. H. Allen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .The B. F. Goodrich Company
S. P. Thacher . . . . . . . . . . United States Rubber Company
Past Association Presidents
1922, 23 S. P. Thacher . . . . . . United States Rubber Co.
1924, 25 J. D. Anderson . . . . . . . . Fisk Rubber Company
1926, 27 W. B. Minch . . . . . . . . Jaxon Steel Products Co.
1928, 29 B. Darrow . . . The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co.
1930, 31 C. C. Carlton . . . . . . . . Motor Wheel Corporation
1932 J. E. Hale . . . . The Firestone Tire & Rubber Co.
1933, 34 C. S. Ash . . . . . . . . . . . Kelsey-Hayes Company
1935, 36 K. D. Smith . . . . . .The B. F. Goodrich Company
1937, 38 C. L. Wenzel . . . . . . The Budd Wheel Company
1939, 40 W. E. Shively The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co.
1941, 42 J. Harold Hunt . . . . . . .Motor Wheel Corporation
1943, 44 S. M. Cadwell . . United States Rubber Company
1945, 46 J. W. Pattison . . .Kelsey-Hayes Wheel Company
1947, 48 W. E. Lyon . . . . The Firestone Tire & Rubber Co.
1949, 50 R. B. Temple . . . . . . .The Budd Wheel Company
1951, 52 H. W. Delzell . . . . . The B. F. Goodrich Company
1953, 54 C. R. Stough . . . . . . . . Motor Wheel Corporation
1955 E. D. Alvord . . .The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co.
1956 R. L. Atkin . . . . . Kelsey-Hayes Wheel Company
1957 A. W. Bull . . . . . United States Rubber Company
1958 P. G. Hykes . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Budd Company
1959 J. J. Robson . . .The Firestone Tire & Rubber Co.
1960 A. P. Schweizer . . . . . Motor Wheel Corporation
1961 W. H. Denton . . . . .The B. F. Goodrich Company
1962 P. L. Cronin . . . . . . . . . . Kelsey-Hayes Company
1963 M. A. Wilson . . The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co.
1964 R. C. Norton, Jr . . . . . . . . . . The Budd Company
1965 E. H. Wallace . . . . . . . .United States Rubber Co.
1965 Louis Marick . . . . . . . . United States Rubber Co.
1966 T. A. Robertson. The Firestone Tire & Rubber Co.
1967 R. H. Spelman . . The General Tire & Rubber Co.
1968 J. F. Hutchinson. The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co.
1969 J. N. Bradley. .The Budd Company Automotive Div.
1970 F. S. Vukan . . . . . . .The B. F. Goodrich Company
1971 W. S. McDowell . . . . . . . . . Uniroyal Incorporated
Back
XVIII
Past Association Presidents (continued)
1972 R. P. Powers . . . . . The Firestone Tire & Rubber Co.
1973 D. D. MacIntyre . . . . . . . . . Kelsey-Hayes Company
1974 C. H. Johnson . . . . . The General Tire & Rubber Co.
1975 C. E. Strigle . . . . . .The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co.
1976 D. H. Pendergrass . . . . . . . . . . . . . Norris Industries
1977 J. L. Ginn . . . . . . . . . . The B. F. Goodrich Company
1978 R. C. Brooker . . . . .The Firestone Tire & Rubber Co.
1979 G. L. Goldberg . . . . . . . . . . . . . .The Budd Company
1980 W. J. Woehrle . . . . . . . . . . . . .Uniroyal Incorporated
1981 J. R. Rankin . .The General Tire & Rubber Company
1982 D. D. MacIntyre . . . . . . . . . Kelsey-Hayes Company
1983 C. E. Strigle . . . . . .The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co.
1984 R. H. Attenhofer . . . Dunlop Tire & Rubber Company
1985 W. E. Truax . . . . . . . . . . .The BFGoodrich Company
1986 K. L. Campbell . . . . The Firestone Tire & Rubber Co.
1987 J. E. Haug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Budd Company
1988 A. W. Peterson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General Tire
1989 J. E. Rumel . . . . . . The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co.
1990 L. G. Campbell . . . .Cooper Tire & Rubber Company
1991 J. R. Kinstler . . . . . . . . . . . Motor Wheel Corporation
1992 R. W. Pantalone . . . . . . . .Bridgestone/Firestone Inc.
1993 J. B. White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michelin
1994 J. S. Hardy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .General Tire
1995 W. D. Noll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Accuride Corporation
1996 J. E. Rumel . . . . . . The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co.
1997 D. J. Candido . . . . . . . . . .Bridgestone/Firestone Inc.
1998 D. A. Raitzer . . . . . . . Hayes Lemmerz International
1999 T. R. Giapponi . . . . . . . . . . . . Pirelli Tire Corporation
2000 S. M. Padula . . . . . . . . . Michelin North America, Inc.
2001 W. D. Noll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accuride Corporation
2002 L. G. Campbell . . . .Cooper Tire & Rubber Company
2003 J. S. Hardy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Continental Tire N. A.
2004 R. S. Hill.. . . . . . . . . . . Hayes Lemmerz International
2005 D. G. Freygang. . . .The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co.
2006 S. Carpino . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Pirelli Tire North America
2007 W. D. Noll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accuride Corporation
2008 M. I. Wischhusen . . . . . . Michelin North America, Inc.
2009 M. Yurjevich. . .Bridgestone Americas Tire Operations
2010 J. Wolf . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hayes Lemmerz International
2011 B. J. Rump . . . . . . . .Cooper Tire & Rubber Company
2012 J. Spears . . . . . . . . . . . Continental Tire the Americas
2013 M. C. Brest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ALCOA Wheel Products
2014 D. G. Freygang. . . . The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co.
2015 D. B. Zahuranec. . . . . . . . . . . Titan International, Inc.
2016 S. Lew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Michelin North America, Inc.
2017 A. T. Kahwaji . .Bridgestone Americas Tire Operations
2018 C. R. Kessler. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accuride Corporation
2019 B. J. Rump . . . . . . . .Cooper Tire & Rubber Company
2020 D. G. Freygang. . . . The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co.
2021 J. Grasso. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Titan International, Inc.
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 © 2022 - The Tire and Rim Association, Inc. - 2022 XIX

Scope of the Association and Some of its History

The Tire and Rim Association, Incorporated, is the technical standardizing

body of the tire and rim manufacturers of the United States. It was organized
in 1903 when passenger car users were greatly inconvenienced because
each make of tire required its own special rim. This situation, coupled with the
fact that tire retail sales points were few and widely scattered, presented a
situation that obviously needed correction. To meet this, a group of seven tire
and four rim manufacturers met in Cleveland, Ohio, on August 13, 1903. At
this meeting, the forerunner of the Association was organized and called
THE CLINCHER TIRE MANUFACTURERS’ ASSOCIATION.

This group standardized clincher rim dimensions and tolerances to provide

interchangeability for all makes of tires on all makes of rims. On October 15,
1903, rim inspection was initiated to assure conformance to these standards.
Rims that met Association standards were permitted to be stamped with the
Association’s copyrighted brands. This stamp on a rim assured the vehicle
manufacturer and user that when his rim was used with the recommended tire
size, desirable tire to rim fit would be obtained. This activity was discontinued
on January 1, 1973.

By 1911 the importance attached to the Association’s objective is indicated by

the fact that the following men actively served on the Executive Committee:
Messrs. C. J. Butler, H. S. Firestone, John Kelsey, H. E. Raymond and
F. A. Seiberling. At that time offices were established at Cleveland, Ohio,
and an operating manager appointed. Prior to that time the operation of the
Association had been conducted by a Managing Trustee from the plant at
which he was employed.

With the introduction of straight side rims and standards for tire loads and
inflations, a more suitable name, THE TIRE AND RIM ASSOCIATION, was
adopted on July 6, 1917. At that time the Association’s activities became
much more technical in nature and the direction of the Association was placed
in the hands of the top technical representatives of member companies.

By 1922 the use of pneumatic tires had extended to trucks, busses and
airplanes. Tire loads and inflations plus principal tire and rim dimensions were
standardized. On June 14 of that year, the Association was incorporated in
Connecticut and the name changed to THE TIRE AND RIM ASSOCIATION
OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED. At that time manufacturers of allied parts
joined the Association and activity was started on the standardization of
tubes, valves, and flaps.

(continued)

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 © 2022 - The Tire and Rim Association, Inc. - 2022 XX

On April 11, 1933, the Association was incorporated in Ohio and its name
changed to THE TIRE AND RIM ASSOCIATION, INCORPORATED.

Soon pneumatic tires were also being used on agricultural, earthmoving,

road building and small industrial vehicles, which required additional tire, rim,
tube and valve standardization. As a result of these increased activities, the
Association offices were moved to the more central location of Akron, Ohio,
in June 1939.

By this time the many developments that had been introduced required
much more attention than could be given at the quarterly meetings of the
Association. Thus the Standards Committee, The Tire and Rim Agricultural,
Aircraft, and Tube and Valve Standards Subcommittees; and the Technical
Advisory Committee were established to draft standards for the consideration
of the Association.

When the United States entered World War II, the Armed Forces required
vast amounts of tires and rims for both ground vehicles and aircraft in a very
short time. This situation was complicated by the shortage of natural rubber
which demanded the use of relatively untested synthetic materials. The
usefulness of the Association to industry and the nation was never better
demonstrated than during that period when its various advisory committees
voluntarily worked with the Armed Forces. This teaming of Industry with the
Armed Forces was highly successful.

Association standards are now established for tires, rims, tubes, valves and
flaps for passenger cars, motorcycles, trucks, busses, mobile homes, trailers,
aircraft, earthmoving, road building, mining, logging, agricultural, industrial
and other vehicles. These standards are documented and available in the
Tire and Rim Association publications.

Recently, with the globalization of the tire, rim and valve industries the
Association is coordinating its standards wherever possible with other countries’
and regions’ standards bodies as well as the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO).

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