PHILIPPINE NATIONAL

STANDARD PNS 193:2018

ICS 81.040.20

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Flat glass – Specification

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BUREAU OF PHILIPPINE STANDARDS (BPS)

Member to the
 International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
 International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
Standards and Conformance Portal: www.bps.dti.gov.ph
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS 193:2018

Foreword

This Philippine National Standard PNS 193:2018 Specification for Flat glass was
prepared by the Bureau of Philippine Standards Technical Committee on Glass and
Glass Products (BPS/TC 28) and was approved for adoption as Philippine National
Standard by the Bureau of Philippine Standards.

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This standard cancels and replaces PNS 193:2012.

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In this new edition, the following significant changes/modifications were made:

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1. Additional terms were included in Clause 3 (Definitions).

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2. Modified the nominal thickness of the traditional designation of picture in Table 6.

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In the preparation of this Standard, ASTM C1036 – 16 – Standard Specification for

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Flat Glass was considered.
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Published by the Bureau of Philippine Standards

November 2018

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be
reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Contents

Foreword ......................................................................................................................
1 Scope .................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative References ......................................................................................... 1
3 Terms & Definitions ............................................................................................. 1
4 Classification and intended use ........................................................................... 6

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5 Requirements ...................................................................................................... 8

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5.1 Requirements for type 1 (Transparent flat glass) .......................................... 8

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5.2 Requirements for type II (Patterned and wired flat glass) ........................... 13

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5.2.1 Wires (Forms 1 and 2) .......................................................................... 13

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5.2.2 Patterned (Form 3) ............................................................................... 14

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5.3 Transmittance ............................................................................................. 15

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5.4 Tint .............................................................................................................. 15
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Test methods ..................................................................................................... 16
6.1 Test methods for the general properties of glass ........................................ 16
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6.2 Quality assurance inspection and sampling ................................................ 16

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6.3 Test methods for type I glass (Transparent flat glass) ................................ 16
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6.4 Test methods for type II glass (Wired or patterned glass) ........................... 18
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7 Packaging.......................................................................................................... 19
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8 Marking.............................................................................................................. 19
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8.1 Marking on the box/crate/package .............................................................. 19

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8.2 Marking on the glass sheet ......................................................................... 19

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PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS 193:2018
Flat glass - Specification

1 Scope

1.1 This specification covers requirements for annealed, monolithic flat soda-
lime glass supplied as cut sizes or stock sheets.

1.2 This specification is applicable for laboratory and field evaluation only to the

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extent that such evaluation can be carried out in accordance with the test method(s)

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prescribed herein.

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1.3 This specification covers the quality requirements of flat, transparent, clear

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and tinted glass. This glass is intended to be used primarily in architectural glazing
products including: coated glass, insulating glass units, laminated glass, mirrors,

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spandrel glass, or similar uses.

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NOTE Reflective distortion is not addressed in this specification.

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1.4 28
This specification covers the quality requirements of patterned or wired
glasses intended to be used primarily for decorative and general glazing
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applications.
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1.5 The values given in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values
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given in parenthesis are for information only.

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1.6 This Standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if
any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to
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establish appropriate safety health practices and determine the applicability of

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regulatory limitations prior to use.

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2 Normative References
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The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of
their content constitutes requirements of this document.
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PNS ASTM C162:2018 (ASTM published 2005, reapproved 2015) Standard

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Terminology of Glass and Glass Products

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PNS NFRC 300:2018 (NFRC Published 2017) Test Method for Determining the
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Solar Optical Properties of Glazing Materials and Systems

3 Terms & Definitions

For the purpose of this Standard, the following terms shall apply. For additional
definition of terms, refer to Terminology, PNS ASTM C162.
 PNS 193:2018

3.1
associated distortion
alteration of viewed images caused by variations in glass flatness or inhomogeneous
portions within the glass

3.2
bevel
an angled surface at the edge of a lite of glass

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3.3
bow

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a condition in which a lite of flat glass departs from a true plane.

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3.4

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cut size
glass ordered cut to its final intended sizes

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3.5
defects in glass

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NOTE 1
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These definitions do not apply to in-services damage
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3.5.1
blemish
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an imperfection in the body or on the surface of the glass; for the purpose of this
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specification blemishes are divided into two categories:

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3.5.1.1
linear blemish
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scratches, rubs, digs, and other similar imperfections, which may be straight or
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curved in nature. If curved, the length of such a blemish is to be measured from end
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to end along the curve.

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3.5.1.2
point blemish
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crush, knots, dirt, stones, gaseous inclusions and other similar imperfections
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3.5.2
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chip depth
the measured distance of a chip from the face of the glass into the thickness
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3.5.3
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chip length
maximum distance parallel to the edge of the glass from one edge of a chip to the
other.

3.5.4
chip width
maximum perpendicular distance from the edge of the glass to the inner edge of the
chip
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 PNS 193:2018

3.5.5
crush
pitted condition with a dull appearance

3.5.6
dig
a deep, short scratch in the glass surface

3.5.7

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dirt
small particle of foreign matter embedded in the surface of flat glass

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3.5.8

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fire crack

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small, sometimes microscopic fissures in the edge of wired or patterned glass

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3.5.9

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flare
a protrusion on the glass edge or corner of an otherwise rectangular surface

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3.5.10
gaseous inclusion
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round or elongated bubble in the glass

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3.5.11
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knot
inhomogeneity in the form of a vitreous lump
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3.5.12
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line
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fine cords or strings, usually on the surface of flat glass

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3.5.13
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ream
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linear distortion as a result of nonhomogeneous layers of flat glass

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3.5.14
rub
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abrasion of the glass surface producing a frosted appearance.

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NOTE 1 A rub differs from a scratch in having appreciable width

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3.5.15
scratch
an abrasion of a glass surface in the form of a curved line, a straight line, or both

NOTE 1 See Table 16 (“Blemish Intensity Chart”) for definition of Faint, Light, Medium and
Heavy blemish intensity and viewing detection distances for each blemish intensity.

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 PNS 193:2018

3.5.16
shell chip
circular indentation in the glass edge as a result of breakage of a small fragment

3.5.17
stone
crystalline inclusion in glass

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3.5.18
string

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straight or curled line, usually resulting from slow solution of a large grain of sand

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or foreign material

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3.5.19
v-chip

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v-shaped imperfection in the edge of the glass lite

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3.6

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glass
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an inorganic product of fusion which has cooled to a rigid condition without
crystallizing.
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NOTE 1 Glass is typically hard and brittle, and has a conchoidal fracture.
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NOTE 2 A glass may be colorless or colored. It is usually transparent, but may be made
translucent or opaque.
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NOTE 3 It may be colorless or tinted and transparent to opaque due to the presence of dissolved
amorphous or crystalline material.
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NOTE 4 When a specific kind of glass is indicated, such descriptive terms as flint glass, barium
glass, and window glass should be used following the basic definition, but the qualifying term is to be
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used as understood by trade custom.

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NOTE 5 Objects made of glass are loosely and popularly referred to as glass, such as glass for a
tumbler, a barometer, a window, a magnifier, or a mirror.
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3.6.1
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annealed glass
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sheet, plate, float or rolled glass that is possessing allowable residual internal
stresses so that it can be freely cut
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3.6.2
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clear glass
glass formulated to have transmittance in the visible spectrum greater than 82%
(reference to NFRC 300 measurement method) at a standard thickness of 6 mm
(¼ in.) with lack of color as compared to tinted glass of the same thickness.

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 PNS 193:2018

3.6.3
drawn sheet glass
flat, transparent, clear or tinted soda-lime silicate glass obtained by continuous
drawing, initially vertically, of a regular thickness and with the two surfaces fire
polished

3.6.4
flat glass
a general term covering sheet glass, plate glass, float glass, and various forms of

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rolled glass.

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3.6.5

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float glass

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flat transparent, clear or tinted soda-lime silicate glass having parallel and polished

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faces obtained by continuous casting and flotation on a metal bath

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3.6.6

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heat absorbing glass
glass for absorbing appreciable portions of radiant energy, especially solar energy

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3.6.7
light reducing glass
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glass which was formulated to reduce the transmission of light

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3.6.8
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patterned glass
figured glass
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rolled flat glass having a pattern on one or both surfaces

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3.6.9
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plate glass
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glass from which surface irregularities have been removed by grinding and polishing
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so that the surfaces are plane (flat) and parallel

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3.6.10
polished wired glass
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flat, transparent soda-lime silicate glass having parallel and polished faces obtained
by grinding and polishing the faces of wired patterned glass
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3.6.11
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tinted glass
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glass formulated to have a uniform color throughout the glass, with the purpose of
reducing glare (visible transmittance), solar heat gain, or visible/ultraviolet (UV)
transmittance.

3.6.12
wired glass
flat glass with a layer of wire mesh embedded in the glass

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 PNS 193:2018

3.6.13
wired patterned glass
flat translucent, clear or tinted soda-lime silicate glass obtained by continuous
casting and rolling which has steel mesh welded at all intersections incorporated in
the glass during its manufacturing process. The surfaces may be either patterned or
plain.

3.6.14
wired or unwired channel shaped glass

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translucent, clear or tinted soda-lime silicate glass, wired or unwired, obtained by
continuous casting and rolling, which is formed into a U shaped during the

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manufacturing process

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3.7

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stock sheets
glass ordered in sizes intended to be cut to create final or cut size (that is,

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u ncuts, intermediates, jumbos, lehr ends)

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3.7.1

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vision interference angle
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viewing angle at which distortion in transmission first appears (See Figure 1).
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Figure 1 – Vision interference angle procedure

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4 Classification and intended use

NOTE When referencing this specification, the user shall indicate the title and date of the
specification and the type, class quality (including cut-size or stock sheets), size and thickness of
the glass.

4.1 Types, classes, forms, qualities, and finishes – Glass shall be of the
following types, classes, forms, qualities, and finishes, as specified:
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 PNS 193:2018

4.1.1 Type I – Transparent flat glass: Class 1 – Clear, or Class 2 – Tinted

Table 1 – Type I, Class 1 and 2 Quality and Use

Quality Typical Use

Quality-Q1
Production of high quality mirrors.
(cut-size or stock sheets) a
Quality-Q2
Production of general use mirrors and other applications.

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(cut-size or stock sheets)
Quality-Q3 Production of architectural glass products including coated,

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(cut-size or stock sheets) heat treated, laminated, and other select glass products.

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Quality-Q4

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General glazing applications.
(cut-size or stock sheets)

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a
For Class 2 Tinted, there is no Quality Q1 available.

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4.1.2 Type II – Patterned and wired flat glass Class 1 – Clear, or Class 2 –

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Tinted
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Table 2 – Type II, Class 1 and 2 Quality and Use
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Quality Typical Use

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Applications in which design and aesthetic

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Quality-Q5
characteristics are major considerations.
Applications in which functional characteristics are a
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Quality-Q6
consideration and blemishes are not a major concern.
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Form Description
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Form 1 Wired glass, polished both sides

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Form 2 Wired glass, patterned surfaces

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Form 3 Patterned glass

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Finish Description
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Finish 1 (F1) Patterned one side

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Finish 2 (F2) Patterned both sides

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Mesh Description
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Mesh 1 (M1) Diamond

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Mesh 2 (M2) Square

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Mesh 3 (M3) Parallel strand

Mesh 4 (M4) Special
Pattern Description
Pattern 1 (P1) Linear
Pattern 2 (P2) Geometric
Pattern 3 (P3) Random
Pattern 4 (P4) Special

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 PNS 193:2018

4.2 Types, classes, styles, qualities, and typical end-use application – Flat
glass shall be of the type, class, style, quality and typical end-use application as
specified in Table 3.

Table 3 – Classification and application of transparent flat glass

Type Class Style Forms Quality Finish Mesh Pattern

Type I Class 1 Clear Q1
Q2

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Transparent Q3
flat glass Q4

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Class 2 Tinted Q2
Q3

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Q4
Type II Class 1 Clear Form 1 Q5 F1 M1 P1

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Form 2 Q6 F2 M2 P2

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Patterned Form 3 M3 P3
and wired M4 P4

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flat glass Class 2 Tinted Form 1 Q5 F1 M1 P1
Form 2 28 Q6 F2 M2 P2
Form 3 M3 P3
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M4 P4
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5 Requirements
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5.1 Requirements for type 1 (Transparent flat glass)

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5.1.1 Edge requirements – Edges of glass shall be supplied as specified.

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NOTE Glass edges are typically supplied as factory cut. Optional edge work can be specified as
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seamed, ground, polished, beveled, mitered, or other, as arranged with the manufacturer. See
manufacturers’ literature for more information.
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5.1.1.1 Shell chips – Shell chips are permitted within the requirements shown in
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Table 4.
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5.1.1.2 V-chips – visible V-chips are not permitted. (See 6.1.1 for viewing criteria.)
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5.1.2 Dimensional tolerances – Tolerances for length, width, squareness, and

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thickness for rectangular shapes shall be in accordance with Table 5 and Table 6.
Table 5 is intended for special applications (e.g. automotive safety glass, ultra thin
glass, special industrial glass, applications other than for general glazing, etc.)
Table 6 is intended for general glazing applications. Nonrectangular shapes shall
use the same thickness tolerances in Table 5 and Table 6. For linear straight line
dimensions of nonrectangular shapes, the length and width requirements in Table 5
and Table 6 shall be used. For curvilinear dimensions of nonrectangular shapes,
tolerances shall be as agreed upon by the involved parties.
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 PNS 193:2018

Table 4 – Allowable shell chip size and distribution for cut size and stock
sheet qualities of Type I – Transparent Flat Glass

Description Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Chip depth Chip depth Chip depth ≤ Chip depth ≤ Chip depth ≤
≤ 25 % of glass 50 % of glass 50 % of glass 50 % of glass
thickness thickness thickness thickness

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Chip width a Chip width ≤ Chip width ≤ Chip width ≤ Not limited

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25 % of glass 50 % of glass glass thickness

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thickness or thickness or or 6 mm

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1.6 mm 1.6 mm whichever is

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whichever is whichever is greater
greater greater

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Chip length a Chip length ≤ Chip length ≤ Chip length ≤ Not limited

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2 times the 2 times the 2 times the
chip width chip width chip width
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a For stock sheets, there is no limit for chip width and length.
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Table 5 – Dimensional tolerance for rectangular shapes of type 1 transparent

flat glass for special applications
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Cut size Cut size Stock sheet

Thickness length and squareness tolerance
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Thickness tolerance, a
width D1-D2
mm
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Nominal Traditional ± mm ± mm Length

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mm designation and
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a
width
1.0 Micro-slide ± 0.20 1.6 2.0 6.4
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1.5 Photo ± 0.20 1.6 2.0 6.4

2.0 Picture ± 0.20 1.6 2.0 6.4
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2.5 Single ± 0.20 1.6 2.0 6.4

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2.7 Laminated ± 0.20 1.6 2.0 6.4

3.0
b
Double - ⅛ in. ± 0.20 1.6 2.0 6.4
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4.0 5/32 in. ± 0.20 1.6 2.0 6.4

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5.0 3/16 in. ± 0.20 1.6 2.0 6.4

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6.0 ¼ in. ± 0.20 1.6 2.0 6.4

a
Length and width of cut size and stock sheets of flat glass include flares and bevels.
b
Within the 3.0 designation there are some applications that may require different thickness ranges
(see manufacturer).

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 PNS 193:2018

Table 6 – Dimensional tolerance for rectangular shapes of type 1 transparent

flat glass for general glazing applications

Cut size Cut size Stock

Thickness length and squareness sheet
a
Thickness tolerance, width D1-D2 tolerance
mm Length
Nominal Traditional
± mm ± mm and
mm designation a
width

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2.0 Picture ± 0.20 1.6 2.0 6.4
3.0
b
Double - ⅛ in. ± 0.30 1.6 2.0 6.4

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4.0 5/32 in. ± 0.30 1.6 2.0 6.4

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5.0 3/16 in. ± 0.30 1.6 2.0 6.4

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6.0 ¼ in. ± 0.30 1.6 2.0 6.4

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8.0 5/16 in. ± 0.60 2.0 2.8 6.4
10.0 3/8 in. ± 0.60 2.4 3.4 6.4

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12.0 ½ in. ± 0.80 3.2 4.5 6.4

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15.0 5/8 in. ± 0.80 4.0 5.7 6.4
19.0 ¾ in. ± 1.20 4.8 6.8 6.4

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22.0 7/8 in. ± 1.20 5.6 7.9 6.4
25.0 1 in. ± 1.20 28 6.4 9.0 6.4
a
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Length and width of cut size and stock sheets of flat glass include flares and bevels.
b
Within the 3.0 designation there are some applications that may require different thickness ranges
(see manufacturer).
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5.1.3 Blemishes – Allowable blemishes are addressed in clause 6 and in

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Tables 7 to 9.
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NOTE In addition to the point blemishes allowed in accordance with Table 7, rejectable point
blemishes are allowed in Stock Sheets up to the limits shown in Table 8.
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5.1.4 Uniformity – For glass with a thickness of 6 mm or less, the glass shall not
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vary in thickness more than 0.1 mm over a 100 mm length.

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5.1.5 Distortion – Reams, strings, lines and other allowable distortion (in
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transmission) are addressed in clause 6 and Table 10.

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5.1.6 Squareness – The squareness requirements for cut glass are shown in
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6.1.4 and in Table 5 and Table 6.

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 PNS 193:2018

Table 7 – Allowable point blemish size and distribution

for cut size qualities
Blemish size Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
a,b,c
mm (in.) Quality 1 Quality 2 Quality 3 Quality 4

d
< 0.50 Allowed Allowed Allowed Allowed
(0.02)
Allowed with a Allowed with a
≥ 0.50 < 0.80 minimum minimum

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Allowed Allowed
≥ (0.02) < (0.03) separation of separation of
e e
1500 mm 600 mm

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Allowed with a

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≥ 0.80 < 1.20 minimum
None allowed Allowed Allowed
≥ (0.03) < (0.05)

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separation of
e

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1200 mm
Allowed with a Allowed with a
≥ 1.20 < 1.50

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minimum minimum
≥ (0.05) < (0.06) None allowed Allowed

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separation of separation of
e e
1500 mm 600 mm
Allowed with a

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≥ 1.50 < 2.00 minimum
≥ (0.06) < (0.08) None allowed None allowed Allowed
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600 mm
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≥ 2.00 < 2.50 Allowed with a
≥ (0.08) < (0.10) None allowed None allowed None allowed minimum separation
e
of 600 mm
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≥ 2.5
None allowed None allowed None allowed None allowed
≥ (0.10)
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a
See 6.1.1.1 for detection of point blemishes.
b
See 6.1.1.2 for measurement of point blemishes.
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c
For Q1 to Q2 only, the blemish size includes associated distortion (see 6.1.1.2).
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d
Provided that normally allowable blemishes do not form a cluster that is detectable at 1800 mm.
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Clustering of individually permissible defects such as bubbles, inclusions, seams and body non-
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uniformity is not permitted.

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e
See 6.1.1.4 for minimum point blemish separation.
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Table 8 – Point blemishes allowed for stock sheets

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Glass area Rejectable Point Blemishes Allowed per Sheet

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If glass area
One rejectable point blemish allowed
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< 7 square meters (75 ft2)

If glass area
≥ 7 square meters (75 ft2) Two rejectable point blemishes allowed
but < 14 square meters (150 ft2)
If glass area
Three rejectable point blemishes allowed
≥ 14 square meters (150 ft2)

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 PNS 193:2018

Table 9 – Allowable linear blemish size and distribution for cut size and stock
sheet qualities

Linear blemish Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
sizea Quality 1 Quality 2 Quality 3 Quality 4
intensity length distribution distribution distribution distribution

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Faint ≤ 75 mm (3 in.)

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Allowed with a Allowed with a Allowed Allowed

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minimum minimum
separation of separation of

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1500 mm 1200 mm

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Faint > 75 mm (3 in.) None allowed None allowed Allowed Allowed

B
Light ≤ 75 mm (3 in.) None allowed Allowed with a Allowed Allowed

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minimum
separation of

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1200 mm
Light > 75 mm (3 in.) None allowed 28
None allowed Allowed Allowed
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Medium ≤ 75 mm (3 in.) None allowed None allowed Allowed with Allowed

a minimum
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separation of
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600 mm
Medium > 75 mm (3 in.) None allowed None allowed None allowed Allowed
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Heavy ≤ 150 mm (6 in.) None allowed None allowed None allowed Allowed with
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a minimum
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separation of
600 mm
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Heavy > 150 mm (6 in.) None allowed None allowed None allowed None
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allowed
a
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See 6.1.1.3 for detection of linear blemishes.

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Table 10 – Allowable distortion for cut size and stock sheet qualities
of Type I – Transparent Flat Glass
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Allowable vision interference anglea

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Thickness
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
< 3.0 mm ≥ 55 ° ≥ 50 ° ≥ 45 ° ≥ 40°
≥ 3.0 mm ≥ 60 ° ≥ 50 ° ≥45° ≥ 40 °
a
See 6.1.2 (and Figure 1) for determining the vision interference angle.

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 PNS 193:2018

5.2 Requirements for type II (Patterned and wired flat glass)

5.2.1 Wires (Forms 1 and 2)

5.2.1.1 Form 1 (Polished both sides) – Glass may contain waviness that does
not interfere with vision normal to the surface.

5.2.1.2 Form 1 & 2 (Patterned one or both sides) – Glass shall not contain fire

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cracks.

N
5.2.1.3 Dimensional tolerances – Tolerance for length, width, and thickness

O
shall be in accordance with Table 11.

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Table 11 – Thickness and tolerance for Type II – Wired Glass a,b

B
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Designation, Traditional Thickness range, mm Tolerance for length
mm Designation and width, mm

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min. max.
6.0 ¼ in. 6.40 7.60 ± 4.8
10.0 ⅜ in. 8.76 10.03 28 ± 4.8
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a
There are some applications that may require different thickness ranges (see
manufacturer).
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b
While the designation in millimeters are the same as shown in Table 5 and Table 6,
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actual wire glass thickness is greater than non-wire glass.

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5.2.1.4 Wire and mesh – Diameter of wires shall be from 0.43 mm to 0.64
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mm. Discoloration and slight distortion of wire are permissible. Wired glass may
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contain numerous gaseous inclusions along the wire.

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a) Mesh M1, diamond shall be welded. Opening in the mesh shall not
exceed 32 mm between wire intersection measured across diagonal corners of
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the diamond.
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b) Mesh M2, square shall be welded. Opening in the mesh shall not
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exceed 16 mm between wire intersections measured along a side of the square.

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c) Mesh M3, parallel strand, spacing shall be as specified.

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d) Mesh M4, as specified.

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 PNS 193:2018

5.2.2 Patterned (Form 3)

5.2.2.1 Dimensional tolerances – Finishes F1 and F2, Patterns, P1, P2, P3 and
P4. Tolerances for Patterns P1 and P2 for length, width, and thickness shall be in
accordance with Table 12. Check with the manufacturer for thickness and
dimensional tolerances on random Pattern P3 and special Pattern P4.

5.2.2.2 Blemishes – Allowable blemishes are addressed in clause 6 and Table 13.

5.2.2.2.1. Patterned glass shall not contain visible fire cracks.

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N
5.2.2.3 Surface pattern

O
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a) Quality Q5 – Surface pattern shall be clear, sharp, defined and free of

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obvious disfiguration that affects the appearance of the pattern.

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b) Quality Q6 – Surface pattern shall be free of large areas of blemishes.

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Scattered areas of non-uniform surface and scattered surface blemishes are
permissible.

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NOTE Patterned glass can vary slightly in both configuration and color from run to run. Glass
edge requirements listed in this standard does not apply to Type II glass.
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Table 12 – Thickness and Tolerance of Type II – Patterned Glass

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Thickness range Tolerance for

Designation, Traditional
length and width,
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mm designation min. max.

mm
C

2.0 Picture 1.80 2.14 ± 1.6

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2.5 Single 2.15 2.70 ± 1.6

R

3.0 Double ⅛ in. 2.71 3.20 ± 1.6

TA

3.5 3.21 3.70 ± 1.6

EN

4.0 5/32 in. 3.71 4.30 ± 1.6

5.0 3/16 in. 4.70 5.30 ± 1.6
IM

5.5 7/32 in. 5.31 5.70 ± 2.4

PL

6.0 ¼ in. 5.71 6.30 ± 3.2

8.0 5/16 in. 7.61 8.60 ± 4.0
M

10.0 ⅜ in. 9.40 10.60 ± 4.8

O

12.0 ½ in. 11.50 12.80 ± 4.8

C

14
 PNS 193:2018

Table 13 – Allowable blemish size and distribution for cut size and stock sheet
of Type II – Patterned Glass

Q5 Q6
Blemish sizea,b,c Quality 5 Quality 6
< 2.50 Allowed Allowed
Allowed with a minimum Allowed with a minimum
≥ 2.50 < 4.00
separation of 600 mm separation of 600 mm

LY
Allowed with a minimum Allowed with a minimum
≥ 4.00 < 6.00
separation of 1200 mm separation of 1200 mm

N
O
Allowed with a minimum Allowed with a minimum
≥ 6.00 < 8.00
separation of 1500 mm separation of 1500 mm

S
ER
Allowed with a minimum Allowed with a minimum
≥ 8.00 < 10.00
separation of 1500 mm separation of 1500 mm

B
Allowed with a minimum Allowed with a minimum

EM
≥ 10.00 < 15.00
separation of 1500 mm separation of 1500 mm

M
Allowed with a minimum
≥ 15.00 < 19.00 Not allowed
separation of 1500 mm
> 19.00 Not allowed
28 Not allowed
TC
a
See 6.1.1.1 for detection of point blemishes.
b
See 6.2.3 for measurement of point blemishes.
R
FO

c
Blemishes not specifically mentioned shall be compared to the blemish they
most closely resemble.
PY
O

5.3 Transmittance
C

5.3.1 The minimum light transmittance values for type I, class 1 transparent
Y
R

glass shall be according to Table 14.

TA

5.3.2 The minimum light transmittance values for type II, patterned glass shall
EN

be according to Table 15.

IM

5.3.3 For type I and type II class 1, the solar and optical properties shall be
PL

determined in accordance with PNS NFRC 300:2018.

M

5.3.4 Light reducing glass is produced in a wide range of luminous

O

transmittance values. The transmittance of each type and form of glass shall be
C

as determined by agreement between the buyer and seller.

5.4 Tint

The tint of each type, kind and form shall be as specified by the buyer.

15
 PNS 193:2018

Table 14 – Minimum light transmittance values for type I,

class 1 transparent glass

Nominal thickness, mm Minimum value of light

transmittance, %
2 89
3 88
4 87
5 86

LY
6 85
8 83

N
10 81

O
12 79
15 76

S
ER
19 72
25 67

B
EM
Table 15 – Minimum light transmittance values for type 2 class 1,
patterned glass a

M
Nominal thickness, mm
28
Minimum value of light
transmittance, %
TC

3 83
4 82
R

5 81
FO

6 80
8 78
10 76
PY

a
For reference purposes and/or as agreed by the buyer and the seller if required.
O
C

6 Test methods
Y
R

6.1 Test methods for the general properties of glass

TA

The methods of test for the general properties of glass are defined in Annex A.
EN
IM

6.2 Quality assurance inspection and sampling

PL

Additional information on quality assurance and sampling are defined in Annex B.

M
O

6.3 Test methods for type I glass (Transparent flat glass)

C

6.3.1 Viewing conditions for blemish detection – All visual inspections shall
be made with 20/20 vision (naked eye or corrected). View samples in the vertical
position at the distance as specified in the sections following. The viewer shall be
positioned perpendicular to the glass surface (Figure 2) using the following lighting
unless otherwise specified: daylight (without direct sunlight) or other uniform diffused
background lighting that simulates daylight, with a minimum luminance of 1700 lux
(160 foot-candles) measured at the center of the glass surface.
16
 PNS 193:2018

6.3.1.1 Blemish detection for point blemish (Knots, dirt, stones, crush,
gaseous inclusions, and other similar blemishes) – Place samples at a distance
of approximately 1 m from the viewer. If blemishes are detected, refer to Table 7
and Table 8 for evaluation criteria.

LY
N
O
S
ER
B
EM
M
28
Figure 2 – Viewing conditions for blemish detection
TC
R

6.3.1.2 Point blemish measurement – Point blemish size shall be determined

FO

by measuring the maximum length and maximum perpendicular width of the blemish
and calculating the average of the two dimensions. The allowable blemish sizes
PY

listed in Table 7 include associated distortion for Q1 and Q2, but do not include
associated distortion for Q3 and Q4.
O
C

6.3.1.3 Detection for linear blemishes (Scratches, rubs, digs, and other
Y

similar blemishes) – Samples shall be viewed at the detection distance of 3.3 m

R

(130 in.). The inspection shall then progress sequentially to each of the shorter
TA

distances for other applicable blemish intensities listed in Table 16. Any blemishes
detected from these distances shall be compared with the length and separation
EN

criteria for allowable blemishes given in Table 9.

IM

Table 16 – Blemish intensity chart

PL
M

Detection distance Blemish intensity

O

Over 3.3 meters Heavy

C

3.3 meters to 1.01 meters Medium

1 meter to 0.2 meters Light
Less than 0.2 meters Faint

6.3.1.4 Blemish distribution – Separation between blemishes shall be

determined by measuring the distance between the two closest points of the
blemishes. For blemish size ranges with different separation distance criteria, the
minimum separation distance is determined by the minimum separation distance
17
 PNS 193:2018

required for the larger of the two blemishes. Blemishes in size ranges that are
allowed without separation distance criteria shall not be compared with those that
have separation criteria.

6.3.2 Ream, strings, lines, and distortion – (See Figure 1) Place sample, with
the direction of the draw oriented vertically, at a distance of approximately 4.5 m
from a zebra board with a measured illumination of 215 lux minimum with 25-mm
black-and-white diagonal stripes. Start with the glass sample parallel with the zebra
board (identified as 0°) and perpendicular with the viewer’s line of sight. Rotate the

LY
specimen clockwise from zero until it reaches the angle at which the distortion
appears and report that angle as the vision interference angle. Refer to Table 10 for

N
evaluation criteria. If the direction of draw cannot be determined, then the sample

O
shall also be viewed turning the sample 90° and evaluated as stated above. The

S
lower of the two interference angles measured shall be used to compare to the

ER
evaluation criteria in Table 10.

B
6.3.3 Dimensional measurements – To measure the length and width of cut

EM
size and stock sheets of flat glass, measure the perpendicular distance from
edge to edge, including flares and bevels. Measurements, including length, width

M
and thickness, shall meet the tolerance requirements of Table 5 and Table 6.
28
6.3.4 Squareness measurement – After measuring the length and width for
TC

compliance with dimensional tolerance, measure the length of both diagonals

(corner to corner). The difference in length between the two diagonals (D1-D2)
R

shall not exceed the limits set forth in Table 5 and Table 6.
FO

6.3.5 Solar/Optical properties – If specified, the reflectance and transmittance

PY

of glass are to be determined in accordance with PNS NFRC 300:2018. The

reference values of light transmission for class II is defined in Annex C.
O
C

6.4 Test methods for type II glass (Wired or patterned glass)

Y
R

6.4.1 Associated distortion and blemish appraisal – Because of the variety

TA

of uses of patterned and wired glass, specific inspection guidelines are beyond the
EN

scope of this specification. Check with the manufacturer for more information.
IM

6.4.2 Dimensional measurements – To measure the length and width of cut

size and stock sheets of flat glass, measure the perpendicular distance from
PL

edge to edge, including flares and bevels. Measurements, including length, width
M

and thickness shall meet the requirements of Table 11 or Table 12, or both.
O
C

6.4.3 Point blemish measurement – Point blemish size shall be determined by

measuring the maximum length and maximum perpendicular width of the blemish
and calculating the average of the two dimensions. The allowable blemish sizes listed
in Table 13 do not include associated distortion. Glass shall be viewed at distance of
1.5 m normal to the glass surface with the light source approximating diffused
daylight at 3 m behind the glass (see Figure 2).

18
 PNS 193:2018

6.4.4 Solar/Optical properties – For patterned and wired glass, consult with
the manufacturer when the solar and optical properties are required. The reference
values of light transmission for class II is defined in Annex C.

6.4.5 Measuring the thickness of patterned glass – The thickness of

patterned glass shall be determined by measuring high point to high point to the
precision and accuracy in Table 12, using a measuring device with 19 mm diameter
or greater contact surfaces. As an alternate method, the thickness may be
measured using two bars with flat and parallel surfaces 75 mm long or greater x 6

LY
mm wide or greater x 6 mm thick or greater.

N
7 Packaging

O
S
Packaging and packing of flat glass shall be in accordance with the best commercial

ER
practice or otherwise, as agreed upon between the buyer and seller.

B
8 Marking

EM
The following information shall be marked on each box/crate/package:

M
8.1 Marking on the box/crate/package 28
TC

8.1.1 name of manufacturer

R

8.1.2 city and country of manufacturer

FO

8.1.3 name of importer

PY

8.1.4 city and country of importer

O
C

8.1.5 trademark or registered logo

Y
R

8.1.6 date of manufacture

TA
EN

8.1.7 glass description (type and class)

IM

8.1.8 dimensions (size and thickness)

PL

8.1.9 quantity
M
O

8.1.10 quality level

C

8.2 Marking on the glass sheet

8.2.1 trademark or registered logo

8.2.2 thickness

19
 PNS 193:2018

Annex A
(Informative)

General properties and methods of tests

A.1 General properties

Conventional numerical values for the physical and mechanical characteristics of the
glass used to manufacture basic products are given in Table A.1. These values, for
normal annealed glass without any further toughening, are not precise requirements
with which the glass shall strictly comply, but are the generally accepted figures for

LY
use in calculations where a high degree of accuracy is not required.

N
Table A.1 – General properties of clear flat glass

O
S
Property Requirement Method of test

ER
Refractive index 1.50 – 1.53 Clause A.3.1
Reflection factor, % (normal incidence a) 4 – 8 (single face) Clause A.3.2

B
Specific heat,
0.20 – 0.274 Clause A.3.3

EM
Cal/g °C (0°C -800 °C)
Softening temperature, °C b 600 – 730 PNS/ASTM C 338

M
Thermal conductivity, kcal/m hoC 0.68 Clause A.3.4
Coefficient of linear
expansion, per °C
28
8.0 – 9.5 x 10-6
(room temperature – 350 °C)
PNS/ASTM C 824
TC

Specific gravity 2.45 – 2.55 PNS/ASTM C 729

c 6 PNS/ASTM C 730
Hardness, (Mohs scale)
R

Young’s modulus, cm2 720,200 PNS/ASTM C 623

FO

d 2 500 PNS/ASTM C 158

Surface tensile strength, kg/cm
e Not affected after installation PNS/ASTM C 225
PY

Weather resistance
a
Rays are reflected at the interface between air and glass. When the direction of rays is
O

perpendicular to the interface, approximately 4 % of the incidence light is reflected each time a ray
enters the glass from the air or exits into the air from the glass. Consequently, if rays are
C

not absorbed by the glass, the reflection factor per sheet of transparent glass is approximately
Y

8 %. The reflection factor increases as the angle of incidence is decreased from the normal
R

incidence, the reflection factor can be computed from the refractive index for any angle of
incidence.
TA

b
Measurements were made by the method specified in PNS/ASTM C 338. Unlike crystals, there is
EN

no melting point for glass, and viscosity continually as temperature rises. These values indicate the
7
temperature range for which viscosity is 4.5 x 10 poise.
IM

c
Mohs scale
PL

Apatite 5
Orthoclase 6
M

Quartz 7
d
Glass is always broken by the tensile stress at its surface. If there were perfect glass it is believed
O

2.
that its strength would reach 300,000 kg/cm Even if the surface of a sheet of glass is free from
C

visible flaws, microscopic defects exist. When a sheet of glass is deformed by a number of external
forces applied to it, tensile strength is concentrated in these flaws and the glass breaks due to
these defects before the total deformation reaches the plastic stage. In practice, the tensile
strength of glass varies greatly with the extent of the flaws. Its average value decreases through
fatigue if loaded for an extended period of time, and also if the area of the glass is large, the
probability of containing defects increases. The value shown here indicates the tensile strength
2
when a glass surface, having an area of 0.5-3 m right after shipment from the factory, is loaded for
several minutes.
e
It cannot be said that glass surfaces are free from flaws and weathering. However, the
internal structure is not appreciable altered.

20
 PNS 193:2018

A.2 Chemical composition

The basic glass products covered by this standard are all manufactured from soda-
lime silicate glass. The magnitude of the proportions by mass of the principal
constituents of soda-lime silicate glass covered by this standard is as follows:

Silicon dioxide (SiO2) 69 % to 74 %

Calcium oxide (CaO) 5% to 12 %
Sodium oxide (Na2O) 12 % to 16 %
Magnesium oxide (MgO) 0% to 6 %

LY
Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) 0% to 3 %

N
O
In addition to the above general composition, these glasses may also contain
small quantities of other substances.

S
ER
A.3 Methods of tests

B
EM
A.3.1 Refractive index

M
A.3.1.1 Principle – A glass is invisible in a liquid having the same index
of refraction. 28
TC

A.3.1.2 Sample – The sample is powdered glass which is made to pass

through
R

100 mesh (149 um).

FO

A.3.1.3 Equipment – Polarizing microscope

PY

A.3.1.4 Reference liquid – Cargille Certified Index of Refraction Liquids ( n =

O

1.47 - 1.69)
C
Y

A.3.1.5 Procedure
R
TA

a) Place a pinch of the powdered glass on a glass slide.

EN

b) Drop Cargille index of Refraction liquid enough to cover the powdered glass.
c) View through the microscope.
IM

d) Repeat the second and third steps until the powdered glass is invisible in
the liquid.
PL
M

A.3.1.6 Result – Record the refractive index of the liquid at which the
O

powdered glass becomes invisible as the refractive index of the unknown sample.
C

A.3.2 Reflection factor (Normal incident)

A.3.2.1 Computation – Knowing the refractive index, the reflection factor can
be computed from the formula:

21
 PNS 193:2018

(n – 1)2
R =
n+1
where:

R is the reflection factor; and

n is the reflective index.

A.3.3 Specific heat

LY
A.3.3.1 Principle – The specific heat of glass is the amount of calories which is
required to heat one gram of the given glass 1°C. It increases with increasing

N
temperature. In technical calculations, we assume a mean specific heat (cm) which is

O
understood to be valid for more temperature interval t1-t2.

S
ER
A.3.3.2 Procedure

B
EM
a) Prepare/analyze for the chemical composition of the glass

M
b) Using Table A.2, substitute values in the formula:

at + Co 28
c= x fraction of oxide
TC

0.00146t + 1
R

where:
FO

c is the specific heat, cal/g °C;

t is the temperature, °C; and
PY

a, Co are the factors in the Sharp & Ginther table (Table A.2) for
the calculation of specific heat of glass.
O
C

c) Compute for the true specific heat (ct) at temperature t by the following
Y

formula:
R
TA

at + Co
c= x fraction of oxide
EN

0.00146t + 1
IM

Table A.2 – Sharp and Ginther table

PL

Oxide A Co
M

SiO2 0.000468 0.1657

O

M2O3 0.000453 0.1765

C

CaO 0.000410 0.1709

MgO 0.000514 0.2142
K2O 0.000335 0.2019
Na2O 0.000829 0.2229
B2O3 0.000635 0.198
SO3 0.00083 0.189
PbO 0.000013 0.049

22
 PNS 193:2018

d) Add all values of c and take the sum as the mean specifying heat, cm.
Likewise all values of c and take the sum as the true specific heat of the glass.

A.3.4 Thermal conductivity

A.2.4.1 Principle – Thermal conductivity is the amount of heat expressed in

calories which will pass within one second through a surface of glass equal to 1
cm2 under a heat gradient of 1 °C through a layer 1 cm thick. The rate at which

LY
heat energy is transmitted through the glass by conduction depends on the size

N
and shape of the conduction path, on the difference in temperature between the

O
two faces, and on the composition of the glass.

S
ER
A.3.4.2 Equipment – Thermal conductivity measuring cell

B
A.3.4.3 Procedure

EM
Compute for the thermal conductivity of the glass using the following

M
formula:
28
Qx1
TC

K=
A ΔT
R
FO

where:
PY

K is the thermal conductivity, cal/cm2s °C;

O

Q is the amount of heat that flows through the sample per unit time, cal/s;
C

1 is the thickness of sample, cm;

Y

A is the cross-sectional area of sample in vertical direction against heat

R

flow, cm2; and

TA

T is the change in temperature, ° C.

EN
IM
PL
M
O
C

23
 PNS 193:2018

Annex B
(Informative)

Quality assurance

B.1 Inspection of end-product

Glass selected for visual examination shall be examined for defects such as those
listed in Table B.1.

LY
Table B.1 – Classification of defects, end-product

N
Defects Major Minor

O
Type, class, style and form not as specified x

S
Edges not as specified x

ER
Dimensions not within tolerance x
Tint of heat absorbing or light reducing glass not

B
x
as specified

EM
Defects greater or larger than those permitted for
x
the specified glass

M
Waviness excessive x
Labels on glass missing when required
Damage or defects affecting function or
28 x
x
TC

Serviceability
Damage or defects not affecting function or
x
R

Serviceability
FO

B.2 Sampling of end product

PY

B.2.1 Constitution of a lot – A lot shall consist of each type, class,

O

style, kind, form and quality of glass offered for delivery at the same time.
C

B.2.2 Sampling for visual inspection of end-product – Sampling

Y

for visual inspection shall be in accordance with Table B.2.

R
TA

Table B.2 – Samples for visual inspection and test of end-product

EN

Sample Major defects Minor defects

IM

Lot or batch size, size, Acceptance Rejection Acceptance Rejection

pieces pieces number, Ac number, Re number, Ac number, Re
PL

2 – 15 2 0 1 0 1
M

16 – 50 3 0 1 0 1
O

51 – 150 5 0 1 0 1
151 – 500
C

8 0 1 1 2
501 – 3 200 13 1 2 1 2
3 201 – 35 000 20 1 2 2 3
35 001 – 500 000 32 2 3 3 4
over 500 000 50 3 4 5 6
NOTE The samples for visual inspection shall also be used in the tests to be
conducted. Additional samples may be required as necessary. The inspection level for this
table is Special Inspection Level S-3 (refer to PNS ISO 2859-1:2012 for the inspection levels).

24
 PNS 193:2018

B.2.3 Sampling for luminous transmittance and total solar transmittances

B.2.3.1 Sampling for test of end-product – Samples selected for test shall be in
accordance with Table B.2.

B.2.3.2 Rejection – A lot shall be rejected when one of the samples selected fail to
meet the test requirements of this standard.

LY
B.3 Inspection of packing and marking conditions of delivery samples

N
Inspection shall be made to determine that the packing and marking requirements

O
conform to clauses 7 and 8. Defects shall be evaluated in accordance with Table

S
B.3. One shipping container shall be treated as one batch composed of different or

ER
same lots of glass. Sampling shall be in accordance with Table B.4.

B
Table B.3 – Requirements for packing and marking

EM
M
Items Criteria
Markings Complete, correct, legible
Materials
28
Complete and without damage
TC
Properly sealed, tight and sufficient straps,
Workmanship
robust construction of container box
R
FO

Table B.4 – Sampling for packing and marking evaluation

PY

Lot size Sample size Acceptance Rejection

O

(crates per (crates per number (Ac) number (Re)

C

container) container)
Y

2 – 8 2 0 1
R

9 – 15 3 0 1
TA

16 – 25 5 0 1
EN

26 – 50 8 0 1
over 50 13 1 2
IM

NOTE If the rejection number is reached the shipment shall be put on hold and will be subject to
PL

buyer-seller negotiation. The inspection level used for this table is General Inspection Level 2 at
4.0 AQL refer to PNS ISO 2859-1:2012 for the inspection levels).
M
O
C

25
 Annex C
(Informative)

Reference values of light transmission for class II

Nominal ICI Illuminant Solar transmittance,

thickness, mm C Transmittance total max, % a
Style A, min., % a Style B, max., % a

LY
2.5 83 83 74

N
3.0 80 80 67

O
5.0 75 75 56
6.0 70 70 52

S
ER
8.0 65 65 45
10.0 60 60 39

B
12.0 50 50 36

EM
a
Straight line interpolation may be used for intermediate thicknesses as an
approximation.

M
28
TC
R
FO
PY
O
C
Y
R
TA
EN
IM
PL
M
O
C

26
References PNS 193:2018

The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this

document and are indispensable for its application.

ASTM C1036 – 16 (ASTM Published 2016) Standard Specification for Flat Glass

PNS ASTM C158:2012 (ASTM published 2002 Reapproved 2007) Standard Test
Methods Strength of Glass by Flexure (Determination of Modulus of Rupture)

LY
PNS ASTM C225:2012 (ASTM published 1985 Reapproved 2009) Standard Test

N
Method for Resistance of Glass Containers to Chemical Attack

O
S
PNS ASTM C338:2012 (ASTM published 1993 Reapproved 2008) Standard Test

ER
Method for Softening Point of Glass

B
PNS ASTM C623:2012 (ASTM published 1992 Reapproved 2010) Standard Test

EM
Methods for Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson’s Ratio for Glass and

M
Glass Ceramics by Resonance

28
PNS ASTM C729-2012 (ASTM published 2011) Standard Test Method for Density of
Glass by the Sink-Float Comparator
TC

PNS ASTM C730:2012 (ASTM published 1998 Reapproved 2008) Test Method for
R

Knoop Indentation Hardness of Glass

FO

PNS ASTM C824:2012 (ASTM published 1991 Reapproved 2010) Standard

PY

Practice for Specimen Preparation for Determination of Linear Thermal Expansion of

O

Vitreous Glass Enamels and Glass Enamel Frits by the Dilatometer Method
C

PNS ASTM E308:2012 (ASTM published 2005 Reapproved 2010) Standard Practice
Y

for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using the CIE System

R
TA

PNS ISO 2859-1:2012 (ISO published 1999) Sampling procedures for inspection by
EN

attributes – Part 1: Sampling schemes indexed by acceptance quality limit (AQL) for
lot-by-lot inspection
IM
PL
M
O
C

Your partner in product safety

BUREAU OF PHILIPPINE STANDARDS (BPS)

3F Trade and Industry Building

361 Sen. Gil J. Puyat Avenue, Makati City 1200, Metro Manila, Philippines
T/ (632) 751.3127 / 751.4730 / 751.4735
F/ (632) 751.4706
E-mail address: bps@dti.gov.ph
Website: www.dti.gov.ph
 BUREAU OF PHILIPPINE STANDARDS
Department of Trade and Industry

Technical Committee 28 – Glass and Glass Products

Chairman Vice-Chairman

1 Nonito B. Galpa 2 Anna Sophia B. Mirasol

Q-Tech Testing Laboratory Glasteck

LY
Members:

N
O
Association: Government:

S
3 Clariza M. Emalada 8 Ma. Theresa P. Aguilar

ER
Flat Glass Alliance of the Phils., Inc. Construction Industry Authority of the

B
Philippines

EM
4 Jesusito B. Villegas
Philippine Chamber of Glass and Manufacturer:
Aluminum Industries

M
9 Wilson D. Agno
Consumer: 28
Pioneer Float Glass Mfg., Inc.
TC

5 Mineo E. Escoreal Testing Institution:

AGC Asia-Pacific Pte. Ltd.
R

10 Ma. Jeannie C. Mandap

FO

6 John Thomson Ong Accurate and Precise Inspection and

Tempco Glass Corp. Testing Laboratory, Inc.
PY

Expert:
O
C

7 Reynaldo I. Dantes
Packaging Experts
Y
R
TA

Technical Officers
EN

8 Myra F. Magabilin
IM

Pauline Luz F. Pimentel

PL

Clarence H. Andrion
Bureau of Philippine Standards
M
O
C