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Module in Science 8
Quarter 3 – Week 7 - 8
Trends in the periodic table

VALERIA P. GULLOD
Developer

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 DepEd.CAR.Schools Division of Mountain
Province
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Cordillera Administrative Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF MOUNTAIN PROVINCE
Bontoc, Mountain Province

Published by:
Learning Resource Management Section

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2020

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This material has been developed for the implementation of K-12 Curriculum
through the Curriculum Implementation Division (CID)—Learning Resource
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must be acknowledged. Derivatives of the work including creating an edited version,
an enhancement or a supplementary work are permitted provided all original work is
acknowledged and the copyright is attributed. No work may be derived from this
material for commercial purposes and profit.

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 What I Know

Direction: Choose the correct letter of your answer. Write your answer in your
answer sheet.
1. What chemical property of an element is being describe as the ease and speed
with which an element reacts with another substance?

Better if - What chemical property of an element describes the ability of an

element to react easily with another substance?

A. Reactivity
B. Metallic property
C. Electronegativity
D. Non-metallic property

2. Which of the following chemical property is the reason why metal elements
easily lose electrons?
A. Reactivity
B. Metallic property
C. Electronegativity
D. Non-metallic property

3. Which of the following metallic elements is the most reactive?

A. K (potassium)
B. Li
C. Na (sodium)
D. Rb (rubidium)

4. Which of the following metallic elements is the least reactive?

Select your answer from number 3

5. Which of the following non-metallic elements is the most reactive?

A. C (carbon)
B. F (fluorine)
C. O (oxygen)
D. N (nitrogen)

6. Which of the following non-metallic elements is the least reactive? Refer your
answer in choices number 5.

7. Which statement below is TRUE?

A. Xenon (Xe) is more reactive than Radon (Rn).

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 B. Xenon (Xe) is more reactive than Krypton (Kr).
C. Xenon (Xe) is less reactive than Radon (Rn).
D. Xenon (Xe) is less reactive than Krypton (Kr).

For item no. 8-13:Fill in the blank to complete the thought of statement:
8. Chlorine is less reactive than _____.
A. As (astatine)
B. Br (bromine)
C. F (fluorine)
D. I (iodine)

9. _____ has higher metallic property than Strontium (Sr).

A. Nb (Niobium)
B. Rb (Rubidium)
C. Y (Yttrium)
D. Zr (Zirconium)

10. The columns in the periodic table is called _____.

A. column
B. group
C. period
D. both a and b

11. The rows in the periodic table is called _____.

A. column
B. family
C. period
D. row

12.Elements found on the same group has _____ metallic property.

A. equal
B. greater
C. lesser
D. Increasing

13. Periodic law states that “the properties of elements vary periodically with _____”
A. atomic weight
B. atomic number
C. period
D. group

14. What happens to the reactivity of metallic elements when it goes up in the
periodic table?
A. The reactivity of metallic elements increases.
B. The reactivity of metallic elements decreases.

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 C. The reactivity of metallic elements will not change.
D. The reactivity of metallic elements cannot be determined.

15.When the arrow goes down in the periodic table, what happens to the metallic
property of metals? Use the options on number 13.

What’s In
?
When you were in the lower grades, you learned about elements in the
periodic table. The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of the elements organized
by atomic number, from the element with the lowest atomic number, hydrogen, to the
element with the highest atomic number. The atomic number of an element is the
number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of that element. Also, this is where you
see the metallic, metalloids and non-metallic elements. Do not forget that hydrogen
is a non-metal.

Source: shorturl.at/cxS03

Figure 1. The Periodic Table

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 What’s New?

The periodic table is not only where elements are arranged according to
atomic number. In this lesson, you will learn how to use the periodic table to predict
the chemical behavior of an element.
Activity. “Complete Me” by selecting the appropriate word below
Atomic number periodic law electrons characteristics
According to the (1) _____________ “the properties of elements vary
periodically with atomic number”. (2)____________ is equal to the number of
electrons of an element, and it is a common (3)____________ of all atoms of an
element.

What Is It

There are many chemical properties of elements such as electronegativity,

atomic radius, and ionization but this module will focus on metallic property and
reactivity of elements.

The Periodic Table

The periodic table comprises of columns and rows. The rows are called
periods while the columns are called groups or families. Elements found on the
same columns belong to the same group or family and elements found on the same
rows belong to the same period.

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Note : You may use commercial periodic table so that you can see properly the
atomic number and other information in each element .
Figure 2. Period and Group in the Periodic Table

The trend of grouping is from top to bottom while the period is from left to right.
Group 1 started from Lithium (Li) going down to Francium (Fr). Hydrogen is not
included for it belongs to other family. Grouping ends up to 18th column where you
can find (Helium (He), Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar), Krypton (Kr), Xenon (Xe), Radon (Rn),
Oganesson (Og) at the right part of the periodic table.

Meanwhile, there are 7 rows in the periodic table. It starts with hydrogen and helium
followed by period 2 which is found at the second row that start from lithium, to neon.
Period 3 on the third row which are sodium (Na) to argon (Ar) while period 4 contain
potassium (K) to krypton (Kr). Period 5 consists of elements starting rubidium (Rb) to
xenon (Xe) while period 6 contains cesium (Cs) to radon (Rn). For lanthanum (La) to
Lu (Lu), it still belongs to period 6. Last period consists of francium (Fr) to oganesson
(Og) including the last row below from Actenium (Ac) to (Lr).

Reactivity and Metallic Property of Elements

Reactivity is a measure of how easily an element will combine with other

elements to form a compound. This property is observable in metals due to the
process called corrosion. Corrosion is the process of gradual wearing of a metal
due to interaction with other substances. This process is possible due to the
reactivity property of metals to other substance.

Metallic property or metallic character refers to the level of reactivity of a

metal. It is a name given to elements that are metals and their chemical properties.
Elements combine with other elements to form other substance called compounds or
molecules. The combination of elements to form compounds or molecules is called
chemical bonding. In the process of chemical bonding the elements lose electrons.
You have learned from your previous modules that atoms of elements are compose
of electrons and these electrons are losing whenever metals are combine with other
elements which can be metal or non-metal. Thus, metallic properties of elements
tend to decrease across a period and increase down a group.

Periodic Trends in the Periodic Table

Periodic trends are specific patterns in the properties of chemical elements

that are revealed in the periodic table of elements. These patterns will help you
predict the properties of elements in the periodic table. Let us have an example, one
of the chemical properties of elements is the metallic property, how will we know if
one element has greater metallic character than the other? We will use the periodic
table to find it out by following the periodic trends or looking at the pattern in the
periodic table. Read the discussion below to further understand.

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Periodic Trends and Metallic Property of the Elements
Using the patterns in the periodic table, you can be able to know if one
element has greater metallic property than the other. Figure 2 shows how the
periodic table can be used to know the metallic property of the elements. Observe
the direction of the arrow. For instance the trend for metallic property going to the
LEFT increases.

RIGHT
LEFT

Source: https://kaiserscience.wordpress.com/chemistry/the-periodic-table/5805-2/

Figure 2. The Periodic Trend of Metallic Character of Elements in the Periodic Table

The general trend for the metallic property or metallic character of an element
is metallic character is the opposite of non-metallic character.
Figure 2 shows that for metallic elements from zinc (Zn) to potassium (K) the
metallic property increases. This means that Zinc is less metallic than potassium.
From lithium (Li) to francium (Fr) the metallic property increase. This means that
francium (Fr) is more metallic than lithium (Li).
For non-metallic elements, from radon (Rn) to helium (He) the non-metallic
character increases and from boron (B) to neon (Ne) the non-metallic characters of
the non-metals increases. Just be guided with the arrows.

Periodic Trends and Reactivity of the Elements

Using the patterns in the periodic table, you can be able determine one
element is more reactive than the other. Figure 3 shows how the periodic table can
be used to know the metallic property of the elements.

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 From the table, you can see that the reactivity of metallic elements from zinc
(Zn) to potassium (K) increases. This means that Zinc is less reactive than
potassium and from lithium (Li) to francium (Fr) the reactivity increases. This means
that francium (Fr) is more reactive than lithium (Li). For non-metallic elements, from

Reactivity increases.
Reactivity increases

Reactivity increases
radon (Rn) to helium (He) the reactivity increases and from boron (B) to neon (Ne)
the reactivity of the non-metals increases. Thus, this pattern is the same with metallic
property. Just be guided with the arrows.
Source: http://chemproject11.weebly.com/chemical-reactivity.html

Figure 3. The Periodic Trend of Reactivity of the Elements in the Periodic Table

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 What’s More

ACTIVITY 1: Determining how metallic the elements are.

Direction: Put an arrow on the periodic table below to illustrate the trends in the
periodic table in terms of metallic property. Use the following arrows
below:
→ ↑ ← ↓

ASSESSMENT 1
Direction: Underline the correct word in the parenthesis to complete each statement
below.

1. (Potassium (K), francium (Fr)) has greater metallic property than cesium (Cs).
2. (Nitrogen (N), fluorine (F)) has lesser non-metallic property than oxygen (O).
3. (Lithium (Li), potassium (K)) has greater metallic property than sodium (Na).
4. (Neon (Ne), krypton (Kr)) has lesser metallic property than argon (Ar).

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 5. Metallic property is (lesser, greater) in group 1 than in group 12.

Activity 2: Comparing the reactivity of the elements.

Direction: Put an arrow on the periodic table below to illustrate the trends in the
periodic table in terms of reactivity. Use the following arrows below:

→ ↑ ← ↓

ASSESSMENT 2
Direction: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and if the statement if FALSE change the
underlined word to make it correct.

_____________1. Lithium (Li) is more reactive than Sodium (Na).

_____________2. Zinc (Zn) is less reactive than potassium (K).
_____________3. Argon (Ar) is more reactive than krypton (Kr).
_____________4. Nitrogen (N) is less reactive than fluorine (F).
_____________5. Metallic elements found on period 2 is more reactive than the metallic
elements found on period 7.

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 What I have Learned

Direction: Study the periodic table below, take note of the arrows very well. After
which, complete the statement in each box by underlining the correct word
from the choices given.

1. As you move from right to left in the
periodic table, the metallic property
and reactivity of metallic elements
becomes (higher, lower).
3. As you move from right to left
in the periodic table the
metallic property and reactivity
of the non-metallic elements
become (higher, lower).

2. As you move from top to bottom in

the periodic table, the metallic
property and reactivity of the metallic
elements become (higher, lower).
4. As you move from top to
bottom of the periodic table the
metallic property and reactivity
of the non-metallic elements
become (higher, lower).

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 What I can Do

Direction: Read one of the facts about reactivity of elements below then answer the
activity the follows.

Did you know?

In general, the higher the location of a metal in the periodic table the greater the
tendency to form cations. The lower the location of a metal in the periodic table,
the greater its resistance to oxidation.
This means that the more reactive a metal, the greater the chance for it to
corrode.

Give an example of 5 metals that easily corrode from the periodic table then
write common materials that you see around you where these metals are found. Use
the table below.

Metals which easily corrode Materials where these metals are found
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Post Assessment

Direction: Write letter “A” if your answer is false. If your answer is true, then write
letter B. Write your answer on the space provided before each item. No. 1
is done as your basis.
A. False B. True
__A__1. Metallic property is the ease and speed with which an element reacts with
another substance.
_____2. Reactivity relates to how easy for elements, specifically the metals, to lose
electrons?
_____3. Rubidium (Rb) is more reactive than francium (Fr).

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_____4. Rubidium (Rb) is less reactive than silver (Ag).
_____5. Nitrogen (N) is more reactive than carbon (C).
_____6. Nitrogen (N) is more reactive than oxygen (O).
_____7. Argon (Ar) is less reactive than neon (N).
_____8. Argon (Ar) is less reactive than xenon (Xe).
_____9. Chlorine (Cl) is less reactive than bromine (Br).
_____10. Chlorine (Cl) is less reactive than fluorine (F).
_____11. Strontium (Sr) has higher metallic property than yttrium (Y).
_____12. Strontium (Sr) has higher metallic property than rubidium (Rb).
_____13. The columns in the periodic table are called periods.
_____14. The rows in the periodic table are called groups.
_____15. Elements found on the same group has the same metallic property.

Additional Activity

Direction: Complete the thought of the paragraph by filling the blanks with either
increasing or decreasing.

In the periodic table, the metallic property and reactivity of metallic

elements is ____1______ as you move from right to left. From top to bottom in
the periodic table, the metallic property and reactivity of the metallic elements is
_____2_____. From right to left in the periodic table the metallic property and
reactivity of the non-metallic elements is ______3____. From top to bottom of
the periodic table the metallic property and reactivity of the non-metallic elements
is ____4______.

Congratulations for completing

this module! I want you to check
your answers before giving this
module to your facilitator.

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What I Know
1. A 3. D 5. B 7. A 9. B 11. C 13. B 15. A
2. B 4. A 6. A 8. C 10. B 12. D 14. B
What’s More?
Activity 1
Assessment 1: 1. Francium (Fr); 2. Nitrogen (N); 3. Potassium (K); 4. Krypton (Kr); 5. lesser
Activity 2
Assessment 2: 1. Less; 2. TRUE; 3. TRUE; 4. TRUE; 5. TRUE
What I Have Learned?: 1. higher; 2. higher; 3. lower; 4. lower;
What I Can Do? (Answers may vary)
Post Assessment
1. A 3. A 5.B 7. B 9. A 11. B 13. A 15. A
2. B 4. A 6. A 8. A 10. B 12. A 14. A
Additional Activity: 1. increasing; 2. increasing; 3. decreasing; 4 decreasing
Answer Key
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Campo, Pia C., May R. Chavez, Mary Helen D.H. Catalan, Leticia V. Catris, Marlene
B. Ferido, Ian Kendrich C. Fontanilla…and Rodolfo S. Treyes. Science
Learner’s Module. Quezon City: Vibal Publishing House, Inc. 2013.

Evagelista, Eden V., Gloria L. Follosco, Adora S. Pili and Rosario L. Sotto. Science
in Today’s World: The New Grade 8. Quezon City: Sibs Publishing House.
2014.

Lagowski, J. Periodic accessed on Jan 26, 2021 at

https://www.britannica.com/science/periodic-table

Pavico, Josefa Ma. P., Anna Cherylle M. Ramos, Aristea V. Bayquen, Angelina A.
Silverio and John Donne A. Ramos. Exploring Life Through Science Series:
The New Grade 8. Quezon City. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. 2013.

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For queries/inquiries, clarifications, corrections, comments or module errors and
suggestions, please contact us via e-mail, text or chat (DepEd MPSDO)
Department of Education-Schools Division of Mountain Province
Poblacion, Bontoc, Mountain Province, 2616

ANDRES M. CUYASAN-PDOII / DIO: 09773812905 / 09208194245

Email: andres.cuyasan@deped.gov.ph

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